Random House
Random House is an American book publisher and the largest general-interest paperback publisher in the world.[1][2][3] It has several independently managed subsidiaries around the world. It is part of Penguin Random House, which is owned by the Germany-based media conglomerate Bertelsmann.
| Founded | 1927 |
|---|---|
| Founders | Bennett Cerf, Donald Klopfer |
| Headquarters | Random House Tower, 1745 Broadway, , U.S. |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people | Gina Centrello (president and publisher, The Random House Publishing Group) Barbara Marcus (president and publisher, Random House Children's Books) Nihar Malaviya (chief operating officer, Random House, Inc.) |
| Products | Books |
| Revenue | €2.142 billion (2012) |
| Owner | Bertelsmann |
Number of employees | 97,104 (as of September 30, 2020[update]) |
| Parent | Penguin Random House |
| Website | www |
History edit
20th century edit
Random House was founded in 1927 by Bennett Cerf and Donald Klopfer, two years after they acquired the Modern Library imprint from publisher Horace Liveright, which reprints classic works of literature. Cerf is quoted as saying, "We just said we were going to publish a few books on the side at random", which suggested the name Random House.[4]
In 1934, they published the first authorized edition of James Joyce's novel Ulysses in the Anglophone world.[5] Ulysses transformed Random House into a formidable publisher over the next two decades. In 1936, it acquired Smith and Haas, and Robert Haas became the third partner until retiring and selling his share back to Cerf and Klopfer in 1956. The acquisition of Smith and Haas added authors, including William Faulkner, Isak Dinesen, André Malraux, Robert Graves, and Jean de Brunhoff, who wrote the Babar children's books.
Random House also hired editors Harry Maule, Robert Linscott, and Saxe Commins, and they brought authors such as Sinclair Lewis and Robert Penn Warren with them.[6] Random House entered reference publishing in 1947 with the American College Dictionary, which was followed in 1966 by its first unabridged dictionary.
In October 1959, Random House went public at $11.25 a share. This was a factor in decisions by other publishing companies, including Simon & Schuster, to later go public.[7] American publishers Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. and Beginner Books were acquired by Random House in 1960, followed by Pantheon Books in 1961; works continue to be published under these imprints with editorial independence, such as Everyman's Library, a series of classical literature reprints.
In 1965, RCA bought Random House as part of a diversification strategy. Random House acquired the paperback book publisher Ballantine Books in 1973.[8] RCA sold Random House to Advance Publications in 1980.[7][9] Random House began publishing audiobooks in 1985.[10]
In 1988, Random House acquired Crown Publishing Group.[11] Also in 1988, McGraw-Hill acquired Random House's Schools and Colleges division.[12] In 1998, Bertelsmann AG bought Random House and merged it with Bantam Doubleday Dell and it soon went global.[13] In 1999, Random House acquired the children's audiobook publisher Listening Library.[14]
In 1999, Random House sold its distribution division.[15]
21st century edit
In 2001, Phyllis E. Grann joined Random House as vice chairman.[16] Grann was the CEO for Putnam and had grown that house from $10 million in revenue in 1976, to more than $200 million by 1993 and without increasing their title output.[16] A publishing insider commented that then CEO Peter Olson was, "I think maybe instead of buying a company he bought a person."[16]
In 2003, Random House reentered the distribution business.[17] Coinciding with the 2007–2008 financial crisis, the publishing industry was hit hard with weak retail sales.
In May 2008, Random House CEO Peter Olson stepped down and Bertelsmann replaced Olson with Markus Dohle.[18]
In October of that year, Doubleday, a division of Random House, announced that they would lay off 16 people, representing approximately 10% of its workforce.[19]
In early December 2008, which became known as Black Wednesday in publishing circles, many publishers including Random House took steps by restructuring their divisions and laying off employees.[20]
The reorganization consolidated and created three divisions, including Random House Publishing Group, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, and Crown Publishing Group.[21][22]
Susan Kamil was named editorial director for Dial Press and editor-in-chief of Random House imprints reporting to Gina Centrello, the president and publisher of the Random House Publishing Group.[20] There were layoffs at Doubleday, now part of Knopf Publishing Group, and Dial Press, Bantam Dell. Spiegel & Grau was moved from Doubleday over to Random House. Random House also has an entertainment production arm for film and television, Random House Studio; one release in 2011 was One Day. The company also creates story content for media including video games, social networks on the web, and mobile platforms.
Random House is one of the largest English language publishers, and part of a group of publishers once known as the "Big 6" and now known as the "Big Five".[23] In October 2012, Bertelsmann entered into talks with rival conglomerate Pearson plc, over the possibility of combining their respective publishing companies, Random House and Penguin Group.
On July 1, 2013, the merger was completed , and the new company emerged as Penguin Random House.[24] When founded, Bertelsmann owned 53% of the joint venture while Pearson owned 47%.[25]
Pearson sold 22% of its shares to Bertelsmann in July 2017, and since April 2020, it is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bertelsmann, making Random House division again wholly owned by German parent. At the time of the acquisition the combined companies controlled 25% of the book business with more than 10,000 employees and 250 independent publishing imprints and with about $3.9 billion in annual revenues.[25] The move to consolidate was to provide leverage against Amazon.com and battle the shrinking state of bookstores.[25]
In October 2018, Penguin Random House merged two of its most known publishing lines, Random House and the Crown Publishing Group. According to Madeline McIntosh, chief executive of Penguin Random House U.S., the two lines "will retain their distinct editorial identities."[26] McIntosh explained some of the motivation behind the merger in a memo to employees, writing, "Book discovery and buying patterns continue to shift, resulting in growth opportunities in the nonfiction categories in which Crown in particular already has a strong foothold: food, lifestyle, health, wellness, business, and Christian."[26] "We must invest even more aggressively in title-level and scaled marketing programs, capabilities and partnerships", she added.[26]
McIntosh explained of the merger, saying, "We will need to do two things simultaneously. First, we must expand and strengthen the expert publishing teams who are specialized in and dedicated to each category. Second, we must invest even more aggressively in title-level and scaled marketing programs, capabilities, and partnerships. This will ensure that we not only maximize the sales for each individual book but also keep pace with consumer trends."[27]
In 2019, Penguin Random House acquired British children's book publisher Little Tiger Group, including Tiger Tales Press, a U.S. subsidiary, and added it to Random House Children's Books.[28]
Organization edit
Headquarters edit
The publisher's main office in the United States is located in Penguin Random House Tower, which was constructed in 2009 at 1745 Broadway in Manhattan. The 684-foot (210 m) building spans the west side of the block between West 55th and West 56th Streets. The building's lobby showcases floor-to-ceiling glassed-in bookcases, which are filled with books published by the company and its subsidiaries.
Prior to moving to Penguin Random House Tower, the company was headquartered at 457 Madison Avenue, 20 East 57th Street, and 201 East 50th Street, all in Manhattan.[citation needed]
International branches edit
Random House, Inc. maintains several independently managed subsidiaries around the world.
The Random House Group is one of the largest general book publishing companies in the United Kingdom;[citation needed] it is based in London.[29]
The group comprises nine publishing companies: Cornerstone Publishing, Vintage Publishing, Ebury Publishing, Transworld Publishers, Penguin Random House Children's, Penguin Random House UK Audio, Penguin Michael Joseph, Penguin Press, and Penguin General.[30] Its distribution business services its own imprints, as well as 40 other UK publishers through Grantham Book Services.[31]
The Random House archive and library is located in Rushden in Northamptonshire.
In 1989, Century Hutchinson was folded into the British Random House Group,[32] briefly known as Random Century (1990–92),[33][29] Century became an imprint of the group's Cornerstone Publishing.[34]
The Random House Group also operates branches in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa (as a joint venture under the name Random House Struik), and India as part of its overseas structure. In Australia offices are in Sydney and Melbourne.[35] In New Zealand it is based in Glenfield, Auckland, while Random House's Indian headquarters are located in New Delhi.
Verlagsgruppe Random House was established after Bertelsmann's 1998 acquisition of Random House, grouping its German imprints (until then operating as Verlagsgruppe Bertelsmann) under the new name; before April 2020, it has explicitly no legal part of the worldwide Penguin Random House company and a hundred percent subsidiary of Bertelsmann instead but de facto is led by the same management. It is the second largest book publisher in Germany with more than 40 imprints, including historic publishing houses Goldmann and Heyne Verlag, as well as C. Bertelsmann, the publishing house from which today's Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA would eventually evolve. Verlagsgruppe Random House is headquartered in Munich (with additional locations in Gütersloh (where Bertelsmann is headquartered), Cologne, and Aßlar), employs about 850 people, and publishes roughly 2,500 titles per year. Following the formation of Penguin Random House, a Penguin Verlag (with no legal connection to Penguin Books) was founded for the German market in 2015, as part of the Verlagsgruppe Random House. With Bertelsmann acquiring full ownership of Penguin Random House in April 2020, Verlagsgruppe Random House is being reintegrated with the main Penguin Random House company and now known as Penguin Random House Verlagsgruppe.[36]
Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial is Random House's Spanish-language division, targeting markets in Spain and Hispanic America. It is headquartered in Barcelona with locations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela, Uruguay, and the United States. From 2001 until November 2012, it was a joint venture with Italian publisher Mondadori (Random House Mondadori). Upon Bertelsmann's acquisition of Mondadori's stake in the JV, the name was kept temporarily four months.[37] Some Spanish-language authors published by Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial include Roberto Bolaño, Javier Marías, Mario Vargas Llosa and Guillermo Arriaga.
Random House of Canada[38] was established in 1944 as the Canadian distributor of Random House Books. In 1986, Random House of Canada established its own indigenous Canadian publishing program that has become one of the most successful in Canadian history. Until January 2012, it used to hold a 25% stake in McClelland & Stewart, with the remaining 75% being controlled by the University of Toronto. It is now the sole owner of McClelland & Stewart.[citation needed]
Takeda Random House Japan was founded in May 2003 as a joint venture between Kodansha and Random House.[39] In 2009, Random House discontinued the joint venture.[citation needed] Takeda Random House Japan filed for bankruptcy on December 14, 2012.[39]
In 2006, Random House invested in Random House Korea. In 2010, Random House divested their ownership.[citation needed]
In April 2010, Random House Australia managing director, Margie Seale, was assigned the responsibilities of exploring and evaluating potential business opportunities for the company in Asia.[40]
Random House Home Video: The home video division edit
Random House Home Video was a home video unit established by Random House in 1983 as Random House Video until 1988, the publisher of Dr. Seuss's books. It was renamed in 1984. Random House's home video division was currently the distributor of some shows, such as Sesame Street (1986–1994), The Busy World of Richard Scarry (1993–2005), Arthur (1996–2006), and The Berenstain Bears, the original 1985–1987 animated television series (1989–2005, 2008–2009), and Golden Books (2001–2005). In 1994, they began distributing through Sony Wonder. Random House Home Video became dormant around 2005, but Sony Wonder still continued to use Random House Home Video's logo on Arthur VHS tapes and DVDs until 2006.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ (in German). Archived from the original on June 3, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
- ^ "Größter Buchverlag der Welt bekommt neuen Chef" [Largest book publisher in the world gets new boss]. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Reuters. May 20, 2008. Archived from the original on August 22, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2013.
- ^ "Randomhouse.biz – About Us". Business Solutions. Random House. December 31, 2011. from the original on May 1, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
- ^ C250.columbia.edu April 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Bennett Alfred Cerf Biography
- ^ Birmingham, Kevin (2014). The most dangerous book: the battle for James Joyce's Ulysses. London: Head of Zeus. ISBN 9781784080723.
- ^ Bernstein, Robert L. (2016). "Chapter 3". Speaking Freely: My Life in Publishing and Human Rights. New York: The New Press. ISBN 9781620971727.
- ^ a b Korda, Michael (1999). Another Life : a memoir of other people (1st ed.). New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-45659-7.
- ^ "Random House in Deal for Ballantine Books". The New York Times. January 9, 1973. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
- ^ . bobsamerica. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2015.
- ^ Brooke, James (July 2, 1985). "Listened to Any Good Books Lately?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on February 20, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
- ^ Mitgang, Herbert (August 16, 1988). "Random House Buys Crown". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
- ^ McDowell, Edwin (September 29, 1988). "McGraw-Hill Is Buying 2 Random House Units". The New York Times. from the original on July 8, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2017.
- ^ "History of Random House Inc.", from Funding Universe. March 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 13, 2008.
- ^ Maughan, Shannon (July 12, 1999). "Random House Acquires Listening Library". Publishers Weekly. from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
- ^ Milliot, Jim (May 3, 1999). "Executive Group to Acquire Random's Distribution Division". Publishers Weekly. from the original on January 28, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
- ^ a b c Maneker, Marion (January 1, 2002). "Now for the Grann Finale". New York. from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
- ^ Milliot, Jim (May 27, 2003). "Random House to Reenter Distribution Business". from the original on January 31, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
- ^ Rich, Motoko (May 21, 2008). "Publishing Outsider Picked to Head Random House". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ Rich, Motoko (October 28, 2008). "Doubleday Publishing Lays Off 10% of Its Employees". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
- ^ a b Rich, Motoko (December 17, 2008). "New Editor at Random House, Layoffs at Doubleday and Broadway". ArtsBeat. from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- ^ Milliot, Jim (January 19, 2009). "Random Puts Its House in Order". Publishers Weekly. from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ Rich, Motoko (December 3, 2008). "Major Reorganization at Random House". ArtsBeat. from the original on June 18, 2013. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ The Big Six publishers, which have since been reduced to the "Big Five" by the merger on July 1, 2013 of Penguin and Random House, include Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group/Macmillan, Hachette, HarperCollins, Penguin Books, Random House; and Simon & Schuster.
- ^ Edgecliffe-Johnson, Andrew; Wiesmann, Gerrit (October 26, 2012). "Penguin and Random House in deal talks". Media. Financial Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2013.(registration required)
- ^ a b c Bosman, Julie (July 1, 2013). "Penguin and Random House Merge, Saying Change Will Come Slowly". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
- ^ a b c Alter, Alexandra (October 18, 2018). "Penguin Random House Merges Two of its Successful Publishing Lines". The New York Times. from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2018.(registration required)
- ^ Maher, John (October 18, 2018). "The Random House and Crown Publishing Groups Merge". Publishers Weekly. from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
- ^ Nawotka, Ed (March 27, 2019). "PRH Acquires U.K.'s Little Tiger Group". Publishers Weekly. from the original on October 8, 2023.
- ^ a b "THE RANDOM HOUSE GROUP LIMITED - Overview (free company information from Companies House)". Find and update company information - GOV.UK. from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
- ^ "Publishing houses". Penguin Books UK. from the original on December 12, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^ "Sales and distribution". Penguin Books UK. from the original on December 12, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^ McDowell, Edwin (June 8, 1989). "The Media Business; Random House to Buy British Book Publisher". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ . Baskerville Books. Archived from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
- ^ . Penguin Random House UK. Archived from the original on August 15, 2017. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
- ^ "Contact us". Random House Books Australia. from the original on September 29, 2013. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
- ^ "Bertelsmann Completes Full Acquisition of Penguin Random House". Bertelsmann. 2020. from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
- ^ . Penguin Random House. 4 November 2013. Archived from the original on 17 November 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ Random House of Canada November 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Schreiber, Mark (January 13, 2013). "Magazines struggle to maintain relevance". The Japan Times. ISSN 0447-5763. from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved March 18, 2020.
- ^ "Random House Tries New Approach to Asia". Publishers Weekly. April 27, 2010. from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved March 18, 2020.
External links edit
- Official website
- Mary H. Munroe (2004). . The Academic Publishing Industry: A Story of Merger and Acquisition. Archived from the original on June 7, 2010 – via Northern Illinois University.
- Finding aid to Random House records at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
- Who Speaks for the Negro Vanderbilt documentary website
- Random House at Open Library