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Amateur radio operator

April 11, 2024

An amateur radio operator is someone who uses equipment at an amateur radio station to engage in two-way personal communications with other amateur operators on radio frequencies assigned to the amateur radio service. Amateur radio operators have been granted an amateur radio license by a governmental regulatory authority after passing an examination on applicable regulations, electronics, radio theory, and radio operation. As a component of their license, amateur radio operators are assigned a call sign that they use to identify themselves during communication. About three million amateur radio operators are currently active worldwide.[1]

NASA astronaut Col. Doug Wheelock, KF5BOC, Expedition 24 flight engineer, operates the NA1SS ham radio station in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station. Equipment is a Kenwood TM-D700E transceiver.

Amateur radio operators are also known as radio amateurs or hams. The term "ham" as a nickname for amateur radio operators originated in a pejorative usage (like "ham actor") by operators in commercial and professional radio communities, and dates to wired telegraphy.[2][3] The word was subsequently[when?] adopted by amateur radio operators.[citation needed]

Demographics edit

Country Number of amateur
radio operators 		% population Year of
Report 		Source
  United States 757,610 0.227 2023 [4]
  Japan 381,899 0.304 2021 [5]
  Thailand 101,763 0.147 2018 [6]
  China 150,000 0.010 2019 [7]
  Germany 63,070 0.073 2019 [8]
  Canada 70,198 0.187 2018 [9]
  Spain 58,700 0.127 1999 [6]
  United Kingdom 75,660 0.114 2018 [10]
  South Korea 42,632 0.082 2012 [11]
  Russia 38,000 0.026 1993 [6]
  Brazil 32,053 0.016 1997 [6]
  Turkey 32,000 0.037 2023 [12]
  Italy 30,000 0.049 1993 [6]
  Indonesia 27,815 0.011 1997 [6]
  France 13,500 0.019 2022 [13]
  Ukraine 17,265 0.037 2000 [6]
  Argentina 16,889 0.042 1999 [6]
  Poland 15,395 0.040 2023 [14]
  Australia 15,448 0.060 2023 [15]
  India 15,679 0.001 2000 [6]
  Sweden 12,790 0.113 2023 [16]
  Netherlands 12,582 0.07 2018 [17]
  Malaysia 11,273 0.03 2023 [6]
  Denmark 9,079 0.152 2022 [18]
  Slovenia 6,500 0.317 2000 [6]
  Austria 6,930 0.077 2022 [19]
  New Zealand 6,000 0.12 1994 [6]
  South Africa 6,000 0.012 1994 [6]
  Norway 6,818 0.125 2022 [20]
  Czech Republic 5,332 0.05 2023 [21]
  Portugal 5,116 0.051 2023
  Finland 5,000 0.090 2016 [22]
  Serbia 3,962 0.056 2020 [23]
  Romania 3,527 0.018 2017 [24]
  Hungary 3,234 0.033 2023 [25]
  Ireland 1,945 0.039 2020 [26][27]
  Slovakia 1,745 0.032 2023 [28]
  Estonia 700 0.052 2020

Few governments maintain detailed demographic statistics of their amateur radio operator populations, aside from recording the total number of licensed operators. The majority of amateur radio operators worldwide reside in the United States, Japan, and the nations of East Asia, North America, and Europe. The top five countries by percentage of the population are Slovenia, Japan, the United States, Canada, and Denmark. Only the governments of Yemen and North Korea currently prohibit their citizens from becoming amateur radio operators. In some countries, acquiring an amateur radio license is difficult because of the bureaucratic processes or fees that place access to a license out of reach for most citizens. Most nations permit foreign nationals to earn an amateur radio license, but very few amateur radio operators are licensed in multiple countries.[citation needed]

Gender edit

In the vast majority of countries, the population of amateur radio operators is predominantly male. In China, 12% of amateur radio operators are women,[29] while approximately 15% of amateur radio operators in the United States are women.[30] The Young Ladies Radio League is an international organization of female amateur radio operators.[citation needed]

A male amateur radio operator can be referred to as an OM, an abbreviation used in Morse code telegraphy for "old man", regardless of the operator's age. A single female amateur radio operator can be referred to as a YL, from the abbreviation used for "young lady", regardless of the operator's age. A licensed married female is sometimes referred to as an XYL.

Age edit

Most countries do not have a minimum age requirement in order to earn an amateur radio license and become an amateur radio operator. Although the number of amateur radio operators in many countries increases from year to year,[citation needed] the average age of amateur radio operators is relatively high. In some countries, the average age is 68 years old.[citation needed]

The unfavourable age distribution has led to a slow decrease in amateur operator numbers in most industrialised countries due to attrition, but in countries which do not apply yearly licence fees, the effects are not immediately noticed. It has been estimated from German statistics, which are considered the most reliable, that the net decrease currently is in the order of 1 to 1.5% per year.[citation needed] The average age of most amateur radio operators is approaching 70 in most European countries.[citation needed]

Some national radio societies have responded to the aging ham population by developing programs specifically to encourage youth participation in amateur radio, such as the American Radio Relay League's Amateur Radio Education and Technology Program.[31] The World Wide Young Contesters organization promotes youth involvement, particularly among Europeans, in competitive radio contesting. A strong tie also exists between the amateur radio community and the Scouting movement to introduce radio technology to youth. WOSM's annual Jamboree On The Air is Scouting's largest activity, with a half million Scouts and Guides speaking with each other using amateur radio each October.[32]

US amateurs by state edit

State Total % Rank Club
AA 4 0.00 59 0
AE 157 0.02 56 0
AK 3847 0.46 45 80
AL 13228 1.59 22 244
AP 144 0.02 57 1
AR 8914 1.07 31 129
AS 25 0.00 58 3
AZ 22166 2.78 12 249
CA 115787 13.93 1 1528
CO 20369 2.45 16 222
CT 8178 0.98 32 188
DC 587 0.07 52 54
DE 1930 0.23 50 38
FL 46856 5.64 3 610
GA 20650 2.48 14 390
GU 334 0.04 54 13
HI 4386 0.53 43 117
IA 6993 0.84 35 119
ID 10404 1.25 28 85
IL 21467 2.58 13 367
IN 16798 2.02 18 303
KS 7953 0.96 33 143
KY 10376 1.25 29 147
LA 6823 0.82 37 166
MA 14641 1.76 21 272
MD 12139 1.46 25 184
ME 4980 0.60 41 81
MI 22834 2.75 9 375
MN 12520 1.51 23 185
MO 16699 2.01 19 262
MP 353 0.04 53 18
MS 5849 0.70 39 131
MT 4450 0.54 42 63
NC 23549 2.83 8 337
ND 1729 0.21 51 53
NE 4083 0.49 44 81
NH 6035 0.73 38 112
NJ 14834 1.78 20 295
NM 7237 0.87 34 131
NV 8918 1.07 30 112
NY 29588 3.56 6 531
OH 30148 3.63 5 511
OK 10701 1.29 27 152
OR 22242 2.68 10 354
PA 26132 3.14 7 437
PR 5117 0.62 40 108
RI 2143 0.26 48 71
SC 10844 1.30 26 147
SD 2122 0.26 49 33
TN 20416 2.46 15 261
TX 58415 7.03 2 737
UT 19513 2.35 17 116
VA 22217 2.67 11 298
VI 298 0.04 55 27
VT 2307 0.28 46 59
WA 37494 4.51 4 515
WI 12178 1.47 24 215
WV 6854 0.82 36 78
WY 2281 0.27 47 37

NOTE:[33]
AA..US Armed Forces Americas
AE..US Armed Forces Africa/Canada/Europe/Middle East
AP..US Armed Forces Pacific
AS..American Samoa
GU..Guam
MP..Mariana Islands
PR..Puerto Rico
VI..US Virgin Islands

Canadian amateurs by province edit

Province Total Rank
AB 7700 4
NL 1473 10
ON 23270 1
YT 214 12
BC 18827 3
NS 2647 5
PE 311 11
ZZ 1774 7
MB 2161 6
NT 95 13
QC 19039 2
NB 1688 8
NU 28 14
SK 1624 9

NOTE:[33]
ZZ..Canadian amateurs outside of Canada

Silent Key edit

When referring to a person, the phrase Silent Key, and its abbreviation SK, is a euphemism for an amateur radio operator who is deceased.[34] The procedural signal "SK" (or "VA") has historically been used in Morse code as the last signal sent from a station before ending operation,[35] usually just before shutting off the transmitter. Since this was the last signal received by other operators, the code was adopted to refer to any amateur radio operator who is deceased, regardless of whether they were known to have used telegraphy in their communications.[citation needed]

Gallery edit

  •  
    An operator working HF
  •  
    An operator working HF
  •  
    Amateur Radio station equipped for reception of VLF signals.
  •  
    Amateur radio students

Notable amateur radio operators edit

References edit

  1. ^ Silver, H Ward (23 April 2004). Ham Radio for Dummies. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7645-5987-7. OCLC 55092631.
  2. ^ Hall, L. C. (January 1902). "Telegraph Talk and Talkers". McClure's Magazine. Vol. 18, no. 3. pp. 230–231.
  3. ^ "Word Origins - Ham". United States Early Radio History. from the original on 15 November 2019.
  4. ^ "FCC License Counts". arrl.com. from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  5. ^ "Hamlife.jp Database Ministry of Communication". Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "MCMC Register Of Apparatus Assignments Search". Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  7. ^ "业余电台操作证书核发信息公告（ABC类及香港B类）" [Amateur Radio Operation Certificate Issue Information Announcement (ABC Class and Hong Kong Class B)]. Chinese Radio Amateurs Club. June 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  8. ^ "Amateurfunk". Bundesnetzagentur. 2019.
  9. ^ . Southgate Amateur Radio Club. Rayleigh, Essex, England. Archived from the original on 3 March 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  10. ^ . Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  11. ^ . iaru-r3.org. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  12. ^ "Deprem sonrası amatör telsizci başvuruları arttı". www.trthaber.com (in Turkish). 14 March 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  13. ^ REF preliminary callsign statistics
  14. ^ "UKE Radioamator". amator.uke.gov.pl. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  15. ^ "ACMA Radiocomms license data". acma.gov.au. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  16. ^ SSA callsign statistics published in QTC 11/2023
  17. ^ Agentschap Telecom - Ministerie van Economische Zaken en Klimaat "Staat van de Ether 2018". Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  18. ^ "Energistyrelsen Frekvensregister". frekvensregister.ens.dk.
  19. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  20. ^ Nkom callsign statistics
  21. ^ "Individual licenses and call signs of Radio Amateur Service stations". ctu.cz. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  22. ^ . SRAL.fi. Archived from the original on 1 June 2004. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  23. ^ "YU Amateur Radio Call Book". yu1srs.org.rs. from the original on 17 September 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  24. ^ "ANCOM Callbook Radioamatori". ancom.org.ro. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  25. ^ "call_sign_book.xml". nmhh.hu. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  26. ^ "COMREG Licensing Database". www.comreg.ie. 7 March 2016. from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  27. ^ "Population and Migration Estimates April 2020 - CSO - Central Statistics Office". www.cso.ie. 20 August 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  28. ^ "List of Slovakia Radio Amateur call signs". teleoff.gov.sk. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  29. ^ Chinese Radio Sports Association (2004). . Proceedings of the International Amateur Radio Union's Region 3 Twelfth Regional Conference. Document No. 04/XII/057. Archived from the original on 6 March 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  30. ^ Harker, Kenneth E (15 March 2005). . ARRL.org. Archived from the original on 23 February 2007. Retrieved 13 July 2007.
  31. ^ "The ARRL Amateur Radio Education & Technology Program". ARRL.org. from the original on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 13 July 2007.
  32. ^ . Scout.org. September 2006. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 30 April 2008.
  33. ^ a b Amateurs by State generates a SSL_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_VERSION error message
  34. ^ "Reporting a Silent Key". Amateur Radio Relay League. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
  35. ^ . AC6V. Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
  36. ^ "David Packard and Amateur Radio" (PDF). Stanford University. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  37. ^ "List" (PDF). ariss.org. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  38. ^ "ULS License - Vanity License - K6FLM - Maytag, Frederick L".

External links edit

  • Amateur radio reference guide - Technical specifications and manuals

April 11, 2024
amateur, radio, operator, amateur, radio, operator, someone, uses, equipment, amateur, radio, station, engage, personal, communications, with, other, amateur, operators, radio, frequencies, assigned, amateur, radio, service, have, been, granted, amateur, radio. An amateur radio operator is someone who uses equipment at an amateur radio station to engage in two way personal communications with other amateur operators on radio frequencies assigned to the amateur radio service Amateur radio operators have been granted an amateur radio license by a governmental regulatory authority after passing an examination on applicable regulations electronics radio theory and radio operation As a component of their license amateur radio operators are assigned a call sign that they use to identify themselves during communication About three million amateur radio operators are currently active worldwide 1 NASA astronaut Col Doug Wheelock KF5BOC Expedition 24 flight engineer operates the NA1SS ham radio station in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station Equipment is a Kenwood TM D700E transceiver Amateur radio operators are also known as radio amateurs or hams The term ham as a nickname for amateur radio operators originated in a pejorative usage like ham actor by operators in commercial and professional radio communities and dates to wired telegraphy 2 3 The word was subsequently when adopted by amateur radio operators citation needed Contents 1 Demographics 1 1 Gender 1 2 Age 1 3 US amateurs by state 1 4 Canadian amateurs by province 2 Silent Key 3 Gallery 4 Notable amateur radio operators 5 References 6 External linksDemographics editCountry Number of amateurradio operators population Year ofReport Source nbsp United States 757 610 0 227 2023 4 nbsp Japan 381 899 0 304 2021 5 nbsp Thailand 101 763 0 147 2018 6 nbsp China 150 000 0 010 2019 7 nbsp Germany 63 070 0 073 2019 8 nbsp Canada 70 198 0 187 2018 9 nbsp Spain 58 700 0 127 1999 6 nbsp United Kingdom 75 660 0 114 2018 10 nbsp South Korea 42 632 0 082 2012 11 nbsp Russia 38 000 0 026 1993 6 nbsp Brazil 32 053 0 016 1997 6 nbsp Turkey 32 000 0 037 2023 12 nbsp Italy 30 000 0 049 1993 6 nbsp Indonesia 27 815 0 011 1997 6 nbsp France 13 500 0 019 2022 13 nbsp Ukraine 17 265 0 037 2000 6 nbsp Argentina 16 889 0 042 1999 6 nbsp Poland 15 395 0 040 2023 14 nbsp Australia 15 448 0 060 2023 15 nbsp India 15 679 0 001 2000 6 nbsp Sweden 12 790 0 113 2023 16 nbsp Netherlands 12 582 0 07 2018 17 nbsp Malaysia 11 273 0 03 2023 6 nbsp Denmark 9 079 0 152 2022 18 nbsp Slovenia 6 500 0 317 2000 6 nbsp Austria 6 930 0 077 2022 19 nbsp New Zealand 6 000 0 12 1994 6 nbsp South Africa 6 000 0 012 1994 6 nbsp Norway 6 818 0 125 2022 20 nbsp Czech Republic 5 332 0 05 2023 21 nbsp Portugal 5 116 0 051 2023 nbsp Finland 5 000 0 090 2016 22 nbsp Serbia 3 962 0 056 2020 23 nbsp Romania 3 527 0 018 2017 24 nbsp Hungary 3 234 0 033 2023 25 nbsp Ireland 1 945 0 039 2020 26 27 nbsp Slovakia 1 745 0 032 2023 28 nbsp Estonia 700 0 052 2020Few governments maintain detailed demographic statistics of their amateur radio operator populations aside from recording the total number of licensed operators The majority of amateur radio operators worldwide reside in the United States Japan and the nations of East Asia North America and Europe The top five countries by percentage of the population are Slovenia Japan the United States Canada and Denmark Only the governments of Yemen and North Korea currently prohibit their citizens from becoming amateur radio operators In some countries acquiring an amateur radio license is difficult because of the bureaucratic processes or fees that place access to a license out of reach for most citizens Most nations permit foreign nationals to earn an amateur radio license but very few amateur radio operators are licensed in multiple countries citation needed Gender edit In the vast majority of countries the population of amateur radio operators is predominantly male In China 12 of amateur radio operators are women 29 while approximately 15 of amateur radio operators in the United States are women 30 The Young Ladies Radio League is an international organization of female amateur radio operators citation needed A male amateur radio operator can be referred to as an OM an abbreviation used in Morse code telegraphy for old man regardless of the operator s age A single female amateur radio operator can be referred to as a YL from the abbreviation used for young lady regardless of the operator s age A licensed married female is sometimes referred to as an XYL Age edit Most countries do not have a minimum age requirement in order to earn an amateur radio license and become an amateur radio operator Although the number of amateur radio operators in many countries increases from year to year citation needed the average age of amateur radio operators is relatively high In some countries the average age is 68 years old citation needed The unfavourable age distribution has led to a slow decrease in amateur operator numbers in most industrialised countries due to attrition but in countries which do not apply yearly licence fees the effects are not immediately noticed It has been estimated from German statistics which are considered the most reliable that the net decrease currently is in the order of 1 to 1 5 per year citation needed The average age of most amateur radio operators is approaching 70 in most European countries citation needed Some national radio societies have responded to the aging ham population by developing programs specifically to encourage youth participation in amateur radio such as the American Radio Relay League s Amateur Radio Education and Technology Program 31 The World Wide Young Contesters organization promotes youth involvement particularly among Europeans in competitive radio contesting A strong tie also exists between the amateur radio community and the Scouting movement to introduce radio technology to youth WOSM s annual Jamboree On The Air is Scouting s largest activity with a half million Scouts and Guides speaking with each other using amateur radio each October 32 US amateurs by state edit State Total Rank ClubAA 4 0 00 59 0AE 157 0 02 56 0AK 3847 0 46 45 80AL 13228 1 59 22 244AP 144 0 02 57 1AR 8914 1 07 31 129AS 25 0 00 58 3AZ 22166 2 78 12 249CA 115787 13 93 1 1528CO 20369 2 45 16 222CT 8178 0 98 32 188DC 587 0 07 52 54DE 1930 0 23 50 38FL 46856 5 64 3 610GA 20650 2 48 14 390GU 334 0 04 54 13HI 4386 0 53 43 117IA 6993 0 84 35 119ID 10404 1 25 28 85IL 21467 2 58 13 367IN 16798 2 02 18 303KS 7953 0 96 33 143KY 10376 1 25 29 147LA 6823 0 82 37 166MA 14641 1 76 21 272MD 12139 1 46 25 184ME 4980 0 60 41 81MI 22834 2 75 9 375MN 12520 1 51 23 185MO 16699 2 01 19 262MP 353 0 04 53 18MS 5849 0 70 39 131MT 4450 0 54 42 63NC 23549 2 83 8 337ND 1729 0 21 51 53NE 4083 0 49 44 81NH 6035 0 73 38 112NJ 14834 1 78 20 295NM 7237 0 87 34 131NV 8918 1 07 30 112NY 29588 3 56 6 531OH 30148 3 63 5 511OK 10701 1 29 27 152OR 22242 2 68 10 354PA 26132 3 14 7 437PR 5117 0 62 40 108RI 2143 0 26 48 71SC 10844 1 30 26 147SD 2122 0 26 49 33TN 20416 2 46 15 261TX 58415 7 03 2 737UT 19513 2 35 17 116VA 22217 2 67 11 298VI 298 0 04 55 27VT 2307 0 28 46 59WA 37494 4 51 4 515WI 12178 1 47 24 215WV 6854 0 82 36 78WY 2281 0 27 47 37NOTE 33 AA US Armed Forces Americas AE US Armed Forces Africa Canada Europe Middle East AP US Armed Forces Pacific AS American Samoa GU Guam MP Mariana Islands PR Puerto Rico VI US Virgin Islands Canadian amateurs by province edit Province Total RankAB 7700 4NL 1473 10ON 23270 1YT 214 12BC 18827 3NS 2647 5PE 311 11ZZ 1774 7MB 2161 6NT 95 13QC 19039 2NB 1688 8NU 28 14SK 1624 9NOTE 33 ZZ Canadian amateurs outside of CanadaSilent Key editWhen referring to a person the phrase Silent Key and its abbreviation SK is a euphemism for an amateur radio operator who is deceased 34 The procedural signal SK or VA has historically been used in Morse code as the last signal sent from a station before ending operation 35 usually just before shutting off the transmitter Since this was the last signal received by other operators the code was adopted to refer to any amateur radio operator who is deceased regardless of whether they were known to have used telegraphy in their communications citation needed Gallery edit nbsp An operator working HF nbsp An operator working HF nbsp Amateur Radio station equipped for reception of VLF signals nbsp Amateur radio studentsNotable amateur radio operators editThis article s list of people may not follow Wikipedia s verifiability policy Please improve this article by removing names that do not have independent reliable sources showing they merit inclusion in this article AND are members of this list or by incorporating the relevant publications into the body of the article through appropriate citations October 2021 Achille and Giovanni Battista Alan Moller Albert Gerald Sayre Albert II Prince of Monaco Alfred J Gross Allen Fairhall Alvin Devane Alvino Rey Andy Sannella Andy Thomas Anthony W England Armas Valste Arnie Coro Art Bell Arthur A Collins Arthur Godfrey Artie Moore Attilio Gatti Augie Hiebert Barbara Morgan Barry Goldwater Bdale Garbee Bhumibol Adulyadej Bob Heil Bob Tanna Bob Tomalski Brian Rix Brice Phillips Bruce Perens Carl Bodtker Carl Sassenrath Carver Mead Catherine Coleman Cathryn Mitchell Charles E Apgar Charles E Brady Jr Charles Simonyi Charles Tart Chaaru Haasan Chet Atkins Chuck Forsberg Clarence C Moore Clarence D Tuska Clay T Whitehead Clifford Stoll Clive Meredith Curtis LeMay Dalton Pritchard Daniel C Burbank Dave Rowntree David Boggs David L Mills David M Brown David Packard HP W6YX 36 Dean Spratt Diana Eng Dick Rutan Dick Smith Don Lancaster Donald Howard Menzel Douglas Mackiernan E W Bedford Ebbe Hoff Ed Iskenderian Edward K Beale Edward S Rogers Sr Emily Calandrelli Eric Cole Ernest Lehman Ernst Krenkel Florence Violet McKenzie Francesco Cossiga Francis G Rayer Fred Judd Friedhelm Hillebrand Garry Shandling George Fischbeck George Sassoon George Sweigert Gladys Kathleen Parkin Glen P Robinson Gordon Eugene Martin Gordon Pettengill Gordon S Marshall Greg Walden Grote Reber Guglielmo Marconi Haakon Sorbye Hans Peter Anvin Hans Schlegel Harold A Zahl Harold Dorschug Harold E Taylor Heidemarie Stefanyshyn Piper Helen Sharman Henri G Busignies Henry Bourne Joy Henry Feinberg Herbert Hoover Jr Hiram Percy Maxim Hiroshi Amano Howard Gerrish Howard Hughes Howard J Brewington Hugo Gernsback Hussein of Jordan Ian Orr Ewing Jacob Beser Jack Kilby James Harvey Brown Jamie Dupree Jan Dahm Jason Morrison Jay Maynard Jean Shepherd Jeff Pulver Jenean Hampton Jeri Ellsworth Jerry Lawson Jimmy Treybig Joe Barr Joe Rudi Joe Walsh John Ambrose Fleming John Baldacci John H DeWitt Jr John Gilmore John Lees John Quade John Scott Redd John W Campbell Johnny Donovan Johnny Kwango Josaphat Chichkov Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr Jure Sterk Karl Rothammel Kenneth D Cameron Kevin Alfred Strom Kevin Mitnick Kurt Carlsen Larry Ferrari Laurel Clark Laurie Margolis Lawrie Brown Lelia Constantza Băjenescu Len Jarrett Leo Beranek Leo C Young Leo Laporte Leonard Danilewicz Leslie R Mitchell Lester Dent Lester Picker Linda M Godwin Loyd Sigmon Ludomir Danilewicz Manuel J Fernandez Marlon Brando Marshall D Moran Martin Block Martin F Jue Martin J Fettman Matthew Sands Maximilian Kolbe Michael Bloomberg Naomi Uemura Nariman Printer Nevil Maskelyne Nigel Roberts Otakar Batlicka Owen Garriott 37 Palden Thondup Namgyal Paul Flaherty Paul Horowitz Paul Tibbets Percy Jones Pertti Karkkainen Phil Karn Qaboos bin Said al Said Rajiv Gandhi Ray Szmanda Red Blanchard Richard Garriott Richard Lindzen Rik Jaeken Robert C Michelson Roberto Vittori Rod Holt Ron Przybylinski Ronald Parise Ronnie Milsap Ross Gunn Rudy Van Gelder Rupert Goodwins Sandra Magnus Serena Aunon Chancellor Sergei Avdeyev Sergei Krikalev Serhii Rebrov Seth Shostak Seymour Kneitel Sidney Wilcox McCuskey Stan Gibilisco Stanley Jungleib Steff Gruber Steve Jobs Steve Wozniak Steven R Nagel Swami Parijnanashram III Ted David Tim Allen Tim Samaras Titu Marius Băjenescu Tom Baugh Tom Christian Tony Randel Tsuneyoshi Yamano Tyrteu Rocha Vianna Victor Poor W A S Butement Waclaw Lukaszewicz Walter Cronkite Ward Cunningham Warren B Offutt Wasil Ahmad Wau Holland Wayne Green William B Bridges William Elvin Jackson William Campbell James Meredith William I Orr Yoritake Matsudaira Yuri Gagarin Yvette Pierpaoli Fritz Maytag K6FLM 38 References edit Silver H Ward 23 April 2004 Ham Radio for Dummies Indianapolis Wiley Publishing ISBN 978 0 7645 5987 7 OCLC 55092631 Hall L C January 1902 Telegraph Talk and Talkers McClure s Magazine Vol 18 no 3 pp 230 231 Word Origins Ham United States Early Radio History Archived from the original on 15 November 2019 FCC License Counts arrl com Archived from the original on 21 October 2023 Retrieved 21 October 2023 Hamlife jp Database Ministry of Communication Retrieved 13 October 2021 a b c d e f g h i j k l m MCMC Register Of Apparatus Assignments Search Retrieved 17 December 2023 业余电台操作证书核发信息公告 ABC类及香港B类 Amateur Radio Operation Certificate Issue Information Announcement ABC Class and Hong Kong Class B Chinese Radio Amateurs Club June 2019 Retrieved 28 March 2019 Amateurfunk Bundesnetzagentur 2019 News Canada Amateur radio statistics 2018 Southgate Amateur Radio Club Rayleigh Essex England Archived from the original on 3 March 2019 Retrieved 20 November 2020 How many UK radio amateurs are there Archived from the original on 15 March 2023 Retrieved 25 June 2023 Triennial Report from KARL iaru r3 org Archived from the original on 2 February 2016 Retrieved 4 November 2012 Deprem sonrasi amator telsizci basvurulari artti www trthaber com in Turkish 14 March 2023 Retrieved 14 April 2023 REF preliminary callsign statistics UKE Radioamator amator uke gov pl Retrieved 21 October 2023 ACMA Radiocomms license data acma gov au Retrieved 29 December 2023 SSA callsign statistics published in QTC 11 2023 Agentschap Telecom Ministerie van Economische Zaken en Klimaat Staat van de Ether 2018 Retrieved 23 October 2019 Energistyrelsen Frekvensregister frekvensregister ens dk Rufzeichenliste osterreichischer Amateurfunkstellen PDF Archived from the original PDF on 10 August 2022 Retrieved 15 February 2022 Nkom callsign statistics Individual licenses and call signs of Radio Amateur Service stations ctu cz Retrieved 21 September 2023 Mita radioamatooritoiminta on SRAL fi Archived from the original on 1 June 2004 Retrieved 6 March 2016 YU Amateur Radio Call Book yu1srs org rs Archived from the original on 17 September 2019 Retrieved 30 March 2020 ANCOM Callbook Radioamatori ancom org ro Retrieved 11 January 2018 call sign book xml nmhh hu Retrieved 28 March 2023 COMREG Licensing Database www comreg ie 7 March 2016 Archived from the original on 24 October 2017 Retrieved 18 April 2021 Population and Migration Estimates April 2020 CSO Central Statistics Office www cso ie 20 August 2020 Retrieved 18 April 2021 List of Slovakia Radio Amateur call signs teleoff gov sk Retrieved 21 September 2023 Chinese Radio Sports Association 2004 The Current Status of Amateur Radio in the Mainland of China Proceedings of the International Amateur Radio Union s Region 3 Twelfth Regional Conference Document No 04 XII 057 Archived from the original on 6 March 2006 Retrieved 2 June 2006 Harker Kenneth E 15 March 2005 A Study of Amateur Radio Gender Demographics ARRL org Archived from the original on 23 February 2007 Retrieved 13 July 2007 The ARRL Amateur Radio Education amp Technology Program ARRL org Archived from the original on 25 June 2007 Retrieved 13 July 2007 All about JOTA Scout org September 2006 Archived from the original on 9 May 2008 Retrieved 30 April 2008 a b Amateurs by State generates a SSL ERROR UNSUPPORTED VERSION error message Reporting a Silent Key Amateur Radio Relay League Retrieved 6 January 2017 CW Operating Aids AC6V Archived from the original on 28 February 2017 Retrieved 6 January 2017 David Packard and Amateur Radio PDF Stanford University Retrieved 15 September 2021 List PDF ariss org Retrieved 25 June 2023 ULS License Vanity License K6FLM Maytag Frederick L External links editAmateur radio reference guide Technical specifications and manuals Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Amateur radio operator amp oldid 1200937448, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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