She was allocated to the Soviet Union in 1946 under the terms of the Potsdam Agreement and renamed Equator (Russian: Экватор) and later renamed Admiral Makarov (Russian: Адмирал Мака́ров). She was renamed Vityaz in 1949 and was used as a research vessel. Retired in 1979, she was preserved as a museum ship in 1982.
When recorded in 1945, the ship was 101.50 m (333 ft 0 in) long, with a beam of 14.50 metres (47 ft 7 in). She had a depth of 4.72 metres (15 ft 6 in) and a draught of 5.84 metres (19 ft 2 in). She was assessed at 2,471 GRT, 1,821 NRT.[1]
The ship was propelled by two two-stroke Single Cycle, Single Action diesel engines, which have seven cylinders of 247⁄16 inches (62 cm) diameter by 451⁄4 inches (115 cm) stroke driving twin screw propellers. The engines were built by Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft, Kiel.[1] They are rated at 3,000 hp. They could propel her at 14 knots (26 km/h).[2]
Mars was operated by the Neptun Line.[5] She had a crew of 38 and accommodation for twelve passengers.[6] She was requisitioned in 1940 by the Kriegsmarine, but was returned to Neptun Line later that year. She was requisitioned again in 1942.[5] and converted to a hospital ship for military use.[6] On 13 December 1943, Mars was severely damaged in an air raid on Bremen by the United States Eighth Air Force.[3][7] She assisted in the evacuation of German citizens from Königsberg and Pillau. Between January and April 1945, she carried 20,000 people.[6]Mars was probably the last major ship to leave Pillau for Copenhagen.[8]
In May 1945, Mars was seized at Copenhagen, Denmark. She was passed to the Ministry of War Transport and renamed Empire Forth.[3] The Code Letters GLTZ and United Kingdom Official Number 169468 were allocated. Her port of registry was changed to London. She was operated under the management of Prince Line Ltd.[1]
In 1946, Empire Forth was allocated to the Soviet Union under the terms of the Potsdam Agreement.[9] She was renamed Equator (Russian: Экватор),[3] and taken to Leningrad.[6] The Code Letters UPJA were allocated.[4] She was later renamed Admiral Makarov (Russian: Адмирал Мака́ров).[6] She was converted to a research vessel in 1947-48 for the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, USSR Academy of Sciences. The work was carried out at Leningrad, Odessa, Riga and Vladivostock in the Soviet Union and also at Wismar, Allied-occupied Germany. During the conversion, the ship was lengthened and equipped with modern laboratories and accommodation.[6] Her measurements were now 109.44 metres (359 ft 1 in) long, with a beam of 14.56 metres (47 ft 9 in) and a draught of 5.86 metres (19 ft 3 in). Her displacement was 5,710 tonnes.[2] In 1949, she was renamed Vityaz (Russian: Витязь).[3]
1959 stamp depicting Vityaz.
Vityaz had Vladivostock as her port of registry. She made 65 voyages covering 800,000 nautical miles (1,500,000 km).[6] In August 1957,[10] She measured the depth of the Mariana Trench at 11,022 metres (36,161 ft).[6] On 29 May 1958, Vityaz was 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km) west of the Marshall Islands when she detected radioactivity in rainfall at levels that were harmful to human health (see Operation Hardtack I).[11] On 7 November 1960, Vityaz was reported to have been buzzed in the Arabian Sea by a Grumman S-2F Tracker from USS Essex. The United States Navy denied that the aircraft was buzzing the ship, but merely establishing her identity.[12] With their introduction in the 1960s, Vityaz was allocated the IMO Number 5382609.[13]
Scientists on board Vityaz discovered 1,176 new species of marine plants and animals. During her time as a research ship, Vityaz visited 49 countries and acted as a goodwill ambassador for the Soviet Union. Notable people who visited her include Jacques Cousteau and Thor Heyerdal.[6]Vityaz made her final voyage around Europe and was retired on 22 April 1979. She was then laid up in the Pregol River.[6] In 1982, she was preserved as a museum ship at Leningrad.[3] In 1988, she was moved to the Yantar Shipyard, Kaliningrad, where she was repaired and rebuilt for use as a museum ship. In 1994, she was moved to the Museum of World Oceans, Kaliningrad,[6] which was established in 1990. Vityaz is claimed to be the largest research vessel to have been preserved.[14]
^ abc"Lloyd's Register, Navires a Vapeure et a Moteurs" (PDF). Plimsoll Ship Data. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
^ ab"Scientific-research vessel VITYAZ". Leningrad: Museum of World Oceans. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
^ abcdefMitchell, W.H.; Sawyer, L.A. (1995). The Empire Ships. London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. p. not cited. ISBN1-85044-275-4.
^ ab"Витязь" [Vityaz] (in Russian). Fleetphoto. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
^ ab"Neptun Line / Dampfschifffahrts Gesellschaft Neptun 1873-1974 Bremen". The Ships List. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
^ abcdefghijk"Biography of the Vessel". Kaliningrad: Museum of World Oceans. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
^Rohwer, Jürgen; Gerhard Hümmelchen. "Seekrieg 1943, Dezember". Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart (in German). Retrieved 27 January 2017.
^Midt i en mørketid : tyske flygtninge på Kløvermarken 1945-49, Ulf Kyneb, in Historiske meddelelser om København, 2006 (in Danish)
^"Enemy ships for Russia". The Times. No. 50376. London. 14 February 1946. col C, p. 2.
^"Record Ocean Depth". The Times. No. 53935. London. 2 September 1957. col G, p. 7.
^"Radioactive Rain in the Pacific". The Times. No. 54171. London. 7 June 1958. col F, p. 5.
^"U.S. denies Arabian Sea "buzzing"". The Times. No. 54925. London. 10 November 1960. col C, p. 12.
^"VITYAZ - IMO 5382609". Shipspotting. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
^Sivkova, Svetlana. "Who We Are". Kaliningrad: Museum of World Oceans. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
^Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (22 September 2018). "Order AULOPIFORMES (Lizardfishes)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
vityaz, 1939, vityaz, russian, Витязь, research, vessel, that, built, 1939, deutsche, schiff, maschinenbau, bremen, germany, mars, neptun, line, bremen, served, with, kriegsmarine, during, world, seized, united, kingdom, 1945, renamed, empire, forth, ministry,. Vityaz Russian Vityaz is a research vessel that was built in 1939 by Deutsche Schiff und Maschinenbau AG Bremen Germany as Mars for Neptun Line Bremen She served with the Kriegsmarine during World War II and was seized by the United Kingdom in 1945 She was renamed Empire Forth for the Ministry of War Transport MoWT VityazHistoryNameMars 1939 45 Empire Forth 1945 46 Equator 1946 Admiral Makarov 1949 Vityaz since 1949 OwnerNeptun Line 1939 40 Kriegsmarine 1940 Neptun Line 1940 42 Kriegsmarine 1942 45 Ministry of War Transport 1945 46 Ministry of Transport 1946 Soviet Government 1946 82 Museum of World Oceans since 1982 OperatorNeptun Line 1939 40 Kriegsmarine 1940 Neptun Line 1940 42 Kriegsmarine 1942 45 Prince Line 1945 46 Shirshov Institute of Oceanology USSR Academy of Sciences 1946 82 Museum of World Oceans since 1982 Port of registryBremen Germany 1939 40 Kriegsmarine 1940 Bremen 1940 42 Kriegsmarine 1942 45 London United Kingdom 1945 46 Vladivostok Soviet Union 1946 91 Russia since 1991 BuilderDeutsche Schiff und Maschinenbau AGLaunchedAugust 1939Out of service1979IdentificationUnited Kingdom Official Number 180962 1945 46 Code Letters GLTZ 1945 46 Code Letters UPJA since 1946 IMO number 5382609StatusMuseum shipGeneral characteristicsClass and typeCargo liner 1939 42 1945 48 Hospital ship 1942 45 Research vessel 1948 79 Museum ship since 1994 Tonnage2 471 GRT 1 821 NRT as built Displacement5 701 tonnes as converted Length101 50 m 333 ft 0 in as built 109 44 metres 359 ft 1 in as converted Beam14 50 m 47 ft 7 in as built 14 56 metres 47 ft 9 in as converted Draught5 84 m 19 ft 2 in as built 5 86 metres 19 ft 3 in as converted Depth4 72 m 15 ft 6 in as built Installed power2 diesel enginesPropulsionTwin screw propellersSpeed14 knots 26 km h Endurance18 500 nautical miles 34 300 km Vityaz Capacity12 passengers Mars Crew38 Mars 66 plus 70 research personnel Vityaz She was allocated to the Soviet Union in 1946 under the terms of the Potsdam Agreement and renamed Equator Russian Ekvator and later renamed Admiral Makarov Russian Admiral Maka rov She was renamed Vityaz in 1949 and was used as a research vessel Retired in 1979 she was preserved as a museum ship in 1982 Contents 1 Description 2 History 3 Species discovered on Vityaz 4 ReferencesDescription EditWhen recorded in 1945 the ship was 101 50 m 333 ft 0 in long with a beam of 14 50 metres 47 ft 7 in She had a depth of 4 72 metres 15 ft 6 in and a draught of 5 84 metres 19 ft 2 in She was assessed at 2 471 GRT 1 821 NRT 1 The ship was propelled by two two stroke Single Cycle Single Action diesel engines which have seven cylinders of 247 16 inches 62 cm diameter by 451 4 inches 115 cm stroke driving twin screw propellers The engines were built by Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft Kiel 1 They are rated at 3 000 hp They could propel her at 14 knots 26 km h 2 History EditThe ship was built as yard number 614 in 1939 by Deutsche Schiff und Maschinenbau AG Bremen Germany as Mars for Neptun Line Bremen She was launched in August 1939 3 4 Her port of registry was Bremen Mars was operated by the Neptun Line 5 She had a crew of 38 and accommodation for twelve passengers 6 She was requisitioned in 1940 by the Kriegsmarine but was returned to Neptun Line later that year She was requisitioned again in 1942 5 and converted to a hospital ship for military use 6 On 13 December 1943 Mars was severely damaged in an air raid on Bremen by the United States Eighth Air Force 3 7 She assisted in the evacuation of German citizens from Konigsberg and Pillau Between January and April 1945 she carried 20 000 people 6 Mars was probably the last major ship to leave Pillau for Copenhagen 8 In May 1945 Mars was seized at Copenhagen Denmark She was passed to the Ministry of War Transport and renamed Empire Forth 3 The Code Letters GLTZ and United Kingdom Official Number 169468 were allocated Her port of registry was changed to London She was operated under the management of Prince Line Ltd 1 In 1946 Empire Forth was allocated to the Soviet Union under the terms of the Potsdam Agreement 9 She was renamed Equator Russian Ekvator 3 and taken to Leningrad 6 The Code Letters UPJA were allocated 4 She was later renamed Admiral Makarov Russian Admiral Maka rov 6 She was converted to a research vessel in 1947 48 for the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology USSR Academy of Sciences The work was carried out at Leningrad Odessa Riga and Vladivostock in the Soviet Union and also at Wismar Allied occupied Germany During the conversion the ship was lengthened and equipped with modern laboratories and accommodation 6 Her measurements were now 109 44 metres 359 ft 1 in long with a beam of 14 56 metres 47 ft 9 in and a draught of 5 86 metres 19 ft 3 in Her displacement was 5 710 tonnes 2 In 1949 she was renamed Vityaz Russian Vityaz 3 1959 stamp depicting Vityaz Vityaz had Vladivostock as her port of registry She made 65 voyages covering 800 000 nautical miles 1 500 000 km 6 In August 1957 10 She measured the depth of the Mariana Trench at 11 022 metres 36 161 ft 6 On 29 May 1958 Vityaz was 2 000 nautical miles 3 700 km west of the Marshall Islands when she detected radioactivity in rainfall at levels that were harmful to human health see Operation Hardtack I 11 On 7 November 1960 Vityaz was reported to have been buzzed in the Arabian Sea by a Grumman S 2F Tracker from USS Essex The United States Navy denied that the aircraft was buzzing the ship but merely establishing her identity 12 With their introduction in the 1960s Vityaz was allocated the IMO Number 5382609 13 Scientists on board Vityaz discovered 1 176 new species of marine plants and animals During her time as a research ship Vityaz visited 49 countries and acted as a goodwill ambassador for the Soviet Union Notable people who visited her include Jacques Cousteau and Thor Heyerdal 6 Vityaz made her final voyage around Europe and was retired on 22 April 1979 She was then laid up in the Pregol River 6 In 1982 she was preserved as a museum ship at Leningrad 3 In 1988 she was moved to the Yantar Shipyard Kaliningrad where she was repaired and rebuilt for use as a museum ship In 1994 she was moved to the Museum of World Oceans Kaliningrad 6 which was established in 1990 Vityaz is claimed to be the largest research vessel to have been preserved 14 Species discovered on Vityaz EditOne of the many species discovered by the ship Dolichopteryx vityazi Parin Belyanina amp Evseenko 2009 on the 26th Cruise 15 References Edit a b c Lloyd s Register Navires a Vapeure et a Moteurs PDF Plimsoll Ship Data Retrieved 28 January 2017 a b Scientific research vessel VITYAZ Leningrad Museum of World Oceans Retrieved 28 January 2017 a b c d e f Mitchell W H Sawyer L A 1995 The Empire Ships London New York Hamburg Hong Kong Lloyd s of London Press Ltd p not cited ISBN 1 85044 275 4 a b Vityaz Vityaz in Russian Fleetphoto Retrieved 28 January 2017 a b Neptun Line Dampfschifffahrts Gesellschaft Neptun 1873 1974 Bremen The Ships List Retrieved 28 January 2017 a b c d e f g h i j k Biography of the Vessel Kaliningrad Museum of World Oceans Retrieved 28 January 2017 Rohwer Jurgen Gerhard Hummelchen Seekrieg 1943 Dezember Wurttembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart in German Retrieved 27 January 2017 Midt i en morketid tyske flygtninge pa Klovermarken 1945 49 Ulf Kyneb in Historiske meddelelser om Kobenhavn 2006 in Danish Enemy ships for Russia The Times No 50376 London 14 February 1946 col C p 2 Record Ocean Depth The Times No 53935 London 2 September 1957 col G p 7 Radioactive Rain in the Pacific The Times No 54171 London 7 June 1958 col F p 5 U S denies Arabian Sea buzzing The Times No 54925 London 10 November 1960 col C p 12 VITYAZ IMO 5382609 Shipspotting Retrieved 28 January 2016 Sivkova Svetlana Who We Are Kaliningrad Museum of World Oceans Retrieved 28 January 2017 Christopher Scharpf amp Kenneth J Lazara 22 September 2018 Order AULOPIFORMES Lizardfishes The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J Lazara Retrieved 15 March 2023 54 42 22 N 20 30 00 E 54 706165 N 20 499878 E 54 706165 20 499878 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title RV Vityaz 1939 amp oldid 1145651737, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
