Ophioglossidae is one of the four subclasses of Polypodiopsida (ferns). This subclass consists of the ferns commonly known as whisk ferns, grape ferns, adder's-tongues and moonworts. It is equivalent to the class Psilotopsida in previous treatments, including Smith et al. (2006).[2] The subclass contains two orders, Psilotales and Ophioglossales, whose relationship was only confirmed by molecular phylogenetic studies.
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Wikispecies has information related to Psilotopsida.
Smith et al. (2006) carried out the first higher-level pteridophyte classification published in the molecular phylogenetic era, and considered the ferns (monilophytes), with four classes. They placed the whisk ferns and related taxa in the class Psilotopsida, with two orders.[2]Mark W. Chase and James L. Reveal (2009) classified them as two separate subclasses, Psilotidae and Ophioglossidae, corresponding to those orders within a much broader grouping, the class Equisetopsidasensu lato.[3] Christenhusz et al., 2011, included both the Ophioglossales and Psilotales orders in the Ophioglossidae subclass.[4] This was continued by both Christenhusz and Chase (2014)[5] and by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (2016). Under the latter the subclass is one of four subclasses of Polypodiopsida (ferns) and contains two orders, two families, 12 genera, and an estimated 129 species.[1] The relationships between the two orders, Psilotales and Ophioglossales, has long been unclear and was only confirmed by molecular systematic studies. Psilotales have rhizomes instead of real roots, and the roots of Ophioglossales lack both branching and root hairs. The gametophytes of both orders are heterotrophic and often subterranean, obtaining nutrients from mycorrhiza instead of light. Photosynthesis happens exclusively in the sporophyte.[6]
The following cladogram shows a likely phylogenic relationship between subclass Ophioglossidae and the other Polypodiopsida subclasses. The first three small subclasses are sometimes informally referred to as eusporangiate ferns, in contrast to the largest subclass, Polypodiidae or leptosporangiate ferns.[1]
Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Zhang, X. C.; Schneider, H. (18 February 2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns". Phytotaxa. 19 (1): 7. CiteSeerX10.1.1.222.1337. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2.
Christenhusz, Maarten J.M.; Chase, Mark W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (4): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC3936591. PMID 24532607.
Pryer, Kathleen M.; Schneider, Harald; Smith, Alan R.; Cranfill, Raymond; Wolf, Paul G.; Hunt, Jeffrey S.; Sipes, Sedonia D. (2001). "Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants". Nature. 409 (6820): 618–622. doi:10.1038/35054555. PMID 11214320. S2CID 4367248.
Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (November 2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
Schneider, Harald; Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M. (1 July 2009). "Is Morphology Really at Odds with Molecules in Estimating Fern Phylogeny?". Systematic Botany. 34 (3): 455–475. doi:10.1600/036364409789271209. S2CID 85855934.
Smith, Alan R.; Kathleen M. Pryer; Eric Schuettpelz; Petra Korall; Harald Schneider; Paul G. Wolf (2006). "A classification for extant ferns" (PDF). Taxon. 55 (3): 705–731. doi:10.2307/25065646. JSTOR 25065646.
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ophioglossidae, four, subclasses, polypodiopsida, ferns, this, subclass, consists, ferns, commonly, known, whisk, ferns, grape, ferns, adder, tongues, moonworts, equivalent, class, psilotopsida, previous, treatments, including, smith, 2006, subclass, contains,. Ophioglossidae is one of the four subclasses of Polypodiopsida ferns This subclass consists of the ferns commonly known as whisk ferns grape ferns adder s tongues and moonworts It is equivalent to the class Psilotopsida in previous treatments including Smith et al 2006 2 The subclass contains two orders Psilotales and Ophioglossales whose relationship was only confirmed by molecular phylogenetic studies OphioglossidaeBotrychium lunariaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesDivision PolypodiophytaClass PolypodiopsidaSubclass OphioglossidaeKlinge 1882 1 Type genusOphioglossumL OrdersOphioglossales PsilotalesSynonymsPsilotopsidaTaxonomy edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Psilotopsida nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Psilotopsida Smith et al 2006 carried out the first higher level pteridophyte classification published in the molecular phylogenetic era and considered the ferns monilophytes with four classes They placed the whisk ferns and related taxa in the class Psilotopsida with two orders 2 Mark W Chase and James L Reveal 2009 classified them as two separate subclasses Psilotidae and Ophioglossidae corresponding to those orders within a much broader grouping the class Equisetopsida sensu lato 3 Christenhusz et al 2011 included both the Ophioglossales and Psilotales orders in the Ophioglossidae subclass 4 This was continued by both Christenhusz and Chase 2014 5 and by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group 2016 Under the latter the subclass is one of four subclasses of Polypodiopsida ferns and contains two orders two families 12 genera and an estimated 129 species 1 The relationships between the two orders Psilotales and Ophioglossales has long been unclear and was only confirmed by molecular systematic studies Psilotales have rhizomes instead of real roots and the roots of Ophioglossales lack both branching and root hairs The gametophytes of both orders are heterotrophic and often subterranean obtaining nutrients from mycorrhiza instead of light Photosynthesis happens exclusively in the sporophyte 6 The following cladogram shows a likely phylogenic relationship between subclass Ophioglossidae and the other Polypodiopsida subclasses The first three small subclasses are sometimes informally referred to as eusporangiate ferns in contrast to the largest subclass Polypodiidae or leptosporangiate ferns 1 Polypodiopsida EquisetidaeOphioglossidaeMarattiidaePolypodiidaeThe two orders Ophioglossales and Psilotales are sister groups to each other References edit a b c Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group 2016 a b Smith et al 2006 Chase amp Reveal 2009 Christenhusz et al 2011 Christenhusz amp Chase 2014 Plant SystematicsBibliography editChase Mark W Reveal James L 2009 A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 122 127 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 01002 x Christenhusz M J M Zhang X C Schneider H 18 February 2011 A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns Phytotaxa 19 1 7 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 222 1337 doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 19 1 2 Christenhusz Maarten J M Chase Mark W 2014 Trends and concepts in fern classification Annals of Botany 113 4 571 594 doi 10 1093 aob mct299 PMC 3936591 PMID 24532607 Pryer Kathleen M Schneider Harald Smith Alan R Cranfill Raymond Wolf Paul G Hunt Jeffrey S Sipes Sedonia D 2001 Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants Nature 409 6820 618 622 doi 10 1038 35054555 PMID 11214320 S2CID 4367248 Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group November 2016 A community derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54 6 563 603 doi 10 1111 jse 12229 S2CID 39980610 Schneider Harald Smith Alan R Pryer Kathleen M 1 July 2009 Is Morphology Really at Odds with Molecules in Estimating Fern Phylogeny Systematic Botany 34 3 455 475 doi 10 1600 036364409789271209 S2CID 85855934 Smith Alan R Kathleen M Pryer Eric Schuettpelz Petra Korall Harald Schneider Paul G Wolf 2006 A classification for extant ferns PDF Taxon 55 3 705 731 doi 10 2307 25065646 JSTOR 25065646 nbsp This fern related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ophioglossidae amp oldid 1195417464, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
