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Psalm 84

March 04, 2023

This article is about Psalm 84 in Hebrew (Masoretic) numbering. For Psalm 84 in Greek Septuagint or Latin Vulgate numbering, see Psalm 85.

Psalm 84 is the 84th psalm of the Book of Psalms. The Book of Psalms forms part of the Ketuvim section of the Hebrew Bible [1] and part of the Christian Old Testament. In the slightly different numbering system of the Greek Septuagint version of the bible, and in its Latin translations, the Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 83. The psalm is a hymn psalm, more specifically a pilgrimage psalm,[2] attributed to the sons of Korah.

Psalm 84
"How amiable are thy tabernacles"
Hymn psalm · Pilgrimage psalm
The reference to the courts of the Lord can be seen at synagogues and churches, here at the synagogue of Châlons-en-Champagne
Other name
  • "Quam dilecta tabernacula tua Domine virtutum"
  • "Wie lieblich sind deine Wohnungen"
Written6th century BCE or earlier
Textby Korahites
LanguageHebrew (original)

In Latin, the psalm is known as "Quam dilecta tabernacula tua Domine virtutum".[3] In the English of the King James Version it begins "How amiable are thy tabernacles, O Lord of hosts!".

The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. It has often been set to music, notably in Schein's motet Wie lieblich sind deine Wohnungen and by Johannes Brahms who included it in his Ein deutsches Requiem. The psalm was paraphrased in hymns. Dealing with the place where God lives, its beginning has been used as an inscription on synagogues and churches, and the psalm is sung for dedication ceremonies of buildings and their anniversaries.

Context

Psalm 84 begins a group of psalms at the end of Book III within the 150 psalms, from this psalm to Psalm 89. These psalms attempt to provide hope to the exilic Israelite community, but despite their celebration of the historic traditions of the Jewish people, remind the reader that these elements no longer provide the hope they once did.[4] Within this group, "Psalm 84 ties the presence of the divine to the temple."[5]

Four psalms of this group, 84, 85, 87 and 88, are attributed to the Korahites, who are described as the doorkeepers of the tabernacle in the Book of Chronicles.[4][6]

Background and themes

The psalm could have been written before or after the exile in Babylon (6th century BCE).[7] It is attributed to the sons of Korah, and was compiled by David into the Book of Psalms.[8][9]

The psalm begins with a praise of the place where God lives, and where the singer longs to be. The psalm begins and ends addressing God as the Lord of Hosts, a divine epithet. The longing goes further than the place where God lives, yearning for the presence of the "living God".[7] God is also identified with the sun, as "giver of life", and with a protective shield. God is called "my King and my God", the power behind life.[10]

Originally, the desired place of God meant the Temple in Jerusalem. Some scholars believe that the psalm is written from the viewpoint of pilgrims on their way towards the temple, while others think that it dates from the time of the exile, longing to restore the destroyed temple.[7] In Christian thinking, the place where God lives is often identified with Eternal life.[11]

Augustine of Hippo wrote a detailed commentary. He explained, for example, that "For one day in Your courts is better than a thousand" meant one peaceful everlasting day near God is preferable to many days in the human condition.[12] James Luther Mays comments in the book Psalms that Psalm 84 is especially beloved of all the psalms that contemplate God's dwelling, and notices that it contains three beatitudes.[10] The Hebrew (Hebrew: עֵמֶק הַבָּכָא) (verse 6) has been translated as vale of tears or weeping[13] and as valley of Baca.[14][7]

Text

Hebrew Bible version

The text in the original Hebrew begins with a verse treated as a subtitle in the King James Version. It is a musical direction for the conductor of the Levite musicians in the Temple in Jerusalem.

Verse Hebrew
1 לַֽמְנַצֵּ֥חַ עַל־הַגִּתִּ֑ית לִבְנֵי־קֹ֥רַח מִזְמֽוֹר
2 מַה־יְּדִיד֥וֹת מִשְׁכְּנוֹתֶ֗יךָ יְהֹוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת
3 נִכְסְפָ֬ה וְגַם־כָּלְתָ֨ה נַפְשִׁי֘ לְחַצְר֪וֹת יְהֹ֫וָ֥ה לִבִּ֥י וּבְשָׂרִ֑י יְ֜רַנְּנ֗וּ אֶל־אֵ֥ל חָֽי
4 גַּם־צִפּ֨וֹר / מָ֪צְאָה בַ֡יִת וּדְר֚וֹר קֵ֥ן לָהּ֘ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֪תָה אֶפְרֹ֫חֶ֥יהָ אֶת־מִ֖זְבְּחוֹתֶיךָ יְהֹוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת מַ֜לְכִּ֗י וֵֽאלֹהָֽי
5 אַשְׁרֵי יֽוֹשְׁבֵ֣י בֵיתֶ֑ךָ ע֜֗וֹד יְהַֽלְל֥וּךָ סֶּֽלָה
6 אַשְׁרֵ֣י אָ֖דָם ע֣וֹז לוֹ־בָ֑ךְ מְ֜סִלּ֗וֹת בִּלְבָבָֽם
7 עֹֽבְרֵ֚י בְּעֵ֣מֶק הַ֖בָּכָא מַעְיָ֣ן יְשִׁית֑וּהוּ גַּם־בְּ֜רָכ֗וֹת יַעְטֶּ֥ה מוֹרֶֽה
8 יֵֽלְכוּ מֵחַ֣יִל אֶל־חָ֑יִל יֵֽרָאֶ֖ה אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֣ים בְּצִיּֽוֹן
9 יְהֹוָ֚ה אֱלֹהִ֣ים צְ֖בָאוֹת שִׁמְעָ֣ה תְפִלָּתִ֑י הַֽאֲזִ֨ינָה אֱלֹהֵ֖י יַֽעֲקֹ֣ב סֶֽלָה
10 מָ֣גִנֵּנוּ רְאֵ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְ֜הַבֵּ֗ט פְּנֵ֣י מְשִׁיחֶֽךָ
11 כִּ֚י טוֹב־י֥וֹם בַּֽחֲצֵרֶ֗יךָ מֵ֫אָ֥לֶף בָּחַ֗רְתִּי הִ֖סְתּוֹפֵף בְּבֵ֣ית אֱלֹהַ֑י מִ֜דּ֗וּר בְּאָֽהֳלֵי־רֶֽשַׁע
12 כִּ֚י שֶׁ֨מֶשׁ וּמָגֵן֘ יְהֹוָ֪ה אֱלֹ֫הִ֥ים חֵ֣ן וְ֖כָבוֹד יִתֵּ֣ן יְהֹוָ֑ה לֹֽא־יִמְנַ֥ע ט֜֗וֹב לַהֹֽלְכִ֥ים בְּתָמִֽים
13 יְהֹוָ֥ה צְבָא֑וֹת אַשְׁרֵ֥י אָ֜דָ֗ם בֹּטֵ֥חַ בָּֽךְ

King James Version

  1. How amiable are thy tabernacles, O Lord of hosts!
  2. My soul longeth, yea, even fainteth for the courts of the Lord: my heart and my flesh crieth out for the living God.
  3. Yea, the sparrow hath found a house, and the swallow a nest for herself, where she may lay her young, even thine altars, O Lord of hosts, my King, and my God.
  4. Blessed are they that dwell in thy house: they will be still praising thee. Selah.
  5. Blessed is the man whose strength is in thee; in whose heart are the ways of them.
  6. Who passing through the valley of Baca make it a well; the rain also filleth the pools.
  7. They go from strength to strength, every one of them in Zion appeareth before God.
  8. O Lord God of hosts, hear my prayer: give ear, O God of Jacob. Selah.
  9. Behold, O God our shield, and look upon the face of thine anointed.
  10. For a day in thy courts is better than a thousand. I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of wickedness.
  11. For the Lord God is a sun and shield: the Lord will give grace and glory: no good thing will he withhold from them that walk uprightly.
  12. O Lord of hosts, blessed is the man that trusteth in thee.[14]

Uses

Judaism

Verse 5 of the psalm, "Fortunate are those who stay in Your house; they will continually praise You forever", is the first of two introductory verses appended to the prayer commonly known as Ashrei (Psalm 145), which is recited twice during Shacharit (morning prayer service) and once during Mincha (afternoon prayer service).[15][16] The first word of this verse, Ashrei ("Fortunate"), gives its name to the whole prayer.[15]

Verse 13, "O Lord of Hosts, fortunate is the man who trusts in You", is the second of a triad of verses recited in the Vehu Rachum prayer in Pesukei dezimra, in Uva letzion, and at the beginning of Maariv (evening prayer service). According to tradition, the first verse in this group (Psalms 46:8) was recited by Abraham, this verse was recited by Isaac, and the third verse, Psalms 20:10, was recited by Jacob[17]–the three Jewish Patriarchs.

Verse 13 is also one of the verses of salvation and hope recited at the beginning of the Havdalah ceremony.[18][19]

Catholicism

The psalm is part of the Catholic rite of dedication of churches and altars.[20]

Protestantism

Just like in Catholicism, Psalm 84 was recommended for ceremonies to dedicate churches.[21] The psalm has also been used for anniversaries of the dedication of churches, such as the 50th Kirchweihfest of the rebuilt Luisenkirche in Berlin-Charlottenburg,[22] and the commemoration of 500 years Reformation in Munich.[23] It is often the subject of sermons at such occasions, as by Jürgen Seidl in a service on 7 May 2006, celebrating 125 years of the Dreikönigskirche in Frankfurt, with the performance of Bach's cantata Gott der Herr ist Sonn und Schild, BWV 79, which quotes from it.[24]

Historical usage

Thomas More wrote annotations in his Psalter for Psalm 84 while awaiting execution in the Tower of London, expressing his desire to be able to take part in Christian worship again.[25]

During the Putten raid in October 1944, the Nazi occupiers of the Netherlands attacked the village of Putten and took nearly all of its male population to concentration camps, from which only a few returned alive. When deported, the village men sang Psalm 84.[26] In an annual commemoration at the location every October since the war, a choir sings verses of the psalm.[27]

On April 30, 1956, Senator Alben W. Barkley - who had been Vice President of the United States between 1949 and 1953 and who returned to the Senate after failing to gain the Presidency - gave the keynote address at the Washington and Lee Mock Convention. Barkley spoke of his willingness, when returning to the Senate, to sit with the other freshman senators , though in his earlier Congressional career he had been a senior Senator and Majority Leader for many years. He ended with an allusion to Psalm 84:10, saying "I'm glad to sit on the back row, for I would rather be a servant in the House of the Lord than to sit in the seats of the mighty."[28] He then collapsed onstage and died of a heart attack.[29]

Musical settings

Psalm 84
Psalm 84, sung to a chant by Hubert Parry by the choir of Trinity Church, Boston

Johann Hermann Schein composed a motet, using the beginning verses of Psalm 84 in the German translation by Martin Luther , Wie lieblich sind deine Wohnungen, in 1628. Heinrich Schütz set the psalm in German as part of his Op. 2, Psalmen Davids sampt etlichen Moteten und Concerten (Psalms of David with several motets and concertos).[30] Henry Dumont, one setting in 1652, Marc-Antoine Charpentier, 2 settings, Quam dilecta: Psalmus David octogésimus tertius, H.167, for soloists, double chorus, flutes, strings and continuo (1675) and H.186, for 3 voices, 2 treble instruments and continuo (1680). Johann Sebastian Bach set verse 11 as the opening movement of his cantata Gott der Herr ist Sonn und Schild, BWV 79, written for Reformation Day 1725.[31] Johann Justus Kahle set the psalm as one of four Psalm Cantatas for soprano, two oboes, two violins and continuo, for the dedication of the church in Ostrau.[32]

Johannes Brahms included verses 1, 2 and 4 in German, "Wie lieblich sind deine Wohnungen" (How lovely are thy dwellings), as the fourth and central movement of his German Requiem, Ein deutsches Requiem, Op. 45.[33] * Friedrich Kiel set the first 2 verses as No. 3 of his Six Motets, Op. 82, published in 1883.

Alexis de Castillon set a Paraphrase du Psaume 84 (Paraphrase of Psalm 84) by Louis Gallet for soloists, choir and orchestra as his Op. 17.[34]

 
Cover of Wilhelm Kempff's setting

In 1913, Wilhelm Kempff composed a setting for choir a cappella for the cathedral choir in Berlin as his Op. 1.[35] Katherine Kennicott Davis, the composer of the Christmas carol "The Little Drummer Boy", set verses 1–3 (How Lovely Are Thy Dwellings) for voice and piano or organ in 1952.[36]

Several songs and hymns are based on Psalm 84 or contain part of it, for example the Dutch "Wat hou ik van uw huis" from Psalmen voor Nu. Matthias Jorissen [de] wrote in 1798 a versed paraphrase for the Genfer Psalter, "Wie lieblich schön, Herr Zebaoth, ist deine Wohnung, o mein Gott", which appears in the Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch as EG 282.[37][38] In 1834, Henry Francis Lyte wrote a hymn "Pleasant are thy courts above", a paraphrase of the psalm in four stanzas. Popular at the beginning of the 20th century, it is not very frequent in modern population. John Milton, the author of Paradise Lost, wrote a hymn in condensed form of four short stanzas, "How lovely are Thy dwellings fair!".[39] Another hymn by Isaac Watts, first published in 1719, paraphrases the Psalm, beginning with "Lord of the worlds above". It was later re-published in collections such as Hymns Ancient and Modern.[40]

Modern settings include "and the swallow" by Caroline Shaw,[41] and "Better is One Day" by Matt Redman, which is based on verse 10.[42]

References

  1. ^ Mazor 2011, p. 589.
  2. ^ Pankhurst 2018.
  3. ^ Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 83 (84) 2017-05-07 at the Wayback Machine medievalist.net
  4. ^ a b Wallace 2011, pp. 2–4.
  5. ^ Wallace 2011, pp. 3.
  6. ^ Bullock 2004, p. 74.
  7. ^ a b c d Dunn & Rogerson 2003, p. 405.
  8. ^ Levin, Neil W. (2018). "The Book of Psalms and its Musical Interpretations". Milken Archive of Jewish Music. from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  9. ^ Greenberg, Levi (2018). "Who Wrote the Book of Psalms?". Chabad.org. from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  10. ^ a b Mays 1994.
  11. ^ Evans 2000, p. 16.
  12. ^ Augustine.
  13. ^ "Tehillim – Psalms – Chapter 84". Chabad.org. 2018. from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
  14. ^ a b Psalm 84, KJV, Wikisource
  15. ^ a b Morrison, Rabbi Chanan (12 March 2007). "Rabbi Kook on Psalm 84: Preparing for Prayer". Israel National News. from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  16. ^ Gradofsky 2009.
  17. ^ Mansour, Rabbi Eli. "Introducing Arbit With the Recitation of 'Ve'hu Rahum'". dailyhalacha.com. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  18. ^ Hoffman, Lawrence A., ed. (1997). My People's Prayer Book: Shabbat at home. Jewish Lights Publishing. p. 166. ISBN 1879045850.
  19. ^ "The Havdalah Ceremony". Haruth Communications. from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  20. ^ Ordo dedicationis ecclesiae (1977)
  21. ^ Isaiasz 2007.
  22. ^ Huber 2003.
  23. ^ Munich 2017.
  24. ^ Seidl 2006.
  25. ^ Berger 2013.
  26. ^ Putten 2020.
  27. ^ Koster 2014.
  28. ^ Hatfield, p. 6
  29. ^ Libbey in The Kentucky Encyclopedia, p. 53
  30. ^ Psalmen Davids sampt etlichen Moteten und Concerten, Op.2 (Schütz, Heinrich): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
  31. ^ Dellal.
  32. ^ ArkivMusic 2018.
  33. ^ Trube 2012.
  34. ^ Warszawski 2005.
  35. ^ Klassika.
  36. ^ Boston 2018.
  37. ^ Deutsches Lied 2018.
  38. ^ Bibeln 2018.
  39. ^ "Pleasant are Thy courts above". Hymnary.org.
  40. ^ "Longing for the House of God". Hymnary.org. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  41. ^ "White Light Festival: The Psalms Experience" (PDF). Lincoln Center. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  42. ^ "Better Is One Day". Word To Worship. Retrieved 14 June 2020.

Cited sources

  • Augustine of Hippo (January 2000). Exposition on Psalm 84. newadvent.org. ISBN 978-0-66-425557-2.
  • Berger, Teresa (2013). Gender Differences and the Making of Liturgical History: Lifting a Veil on Liturgy's Past. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 147. ISBN 978-1-40-948149-2.
  • Bullock, C. Hassell (2004). Encountering the Book of Psalms: A Literary and Theological Introduction. Baker Academic. pp. 74–77. ISBN 978-0-80-102795-6.
  • Dellal, Pamela. "BWV 79 – Gott der Herr ist Sonn und Schild". Emmanuel Music. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  • Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (2003). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-80-283711-0.
  • Evans, G. R. (2000). A History of Pastoral Care. A&C Black. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-22-566840-7.
  • Gradofsky, Noah (2009). "Basic Judaism Course" (PDF). templeisraeloflb.org. p. 190. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  • Huber, Wolfgang (2003). "Gottesdienst zum 50. Kirchweihfest der neuen Luisenkirche in Berlin-Charlottenburg (Psalm 84, 2-13)". ekd.de (in German). Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  • Isaiasz, Vera (2007). Stadt und Religion in der frühen Neuzeit: soziale Ordnungen und ihre Repräsentationen (in German). Campus Verlag. pp. 133–134. ISBN 978-3593384368.
  • Koster, Jan (7 October 2014). "Psalm 84, jaarlijks bij de herdenking te Putten". genemuidenactueel.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  • Mays, James Luther (1994). Psalm 84: How lovely Your Dwelling Place. Psalms. Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 274–280. ISBN 978-0-66-423747-9.
  • Mazor, Lea (2011). Berlin, Adele; Grossman, Maxine (eds.). Book of Psalms. The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973004-9.
  • Pankhurst, Jennifer (2018). "The Conventions of Biblical Poetry". myjewishlearning.com. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  • Seidl, Jürgen (2006). "Predigt zu Psalm 84". archiv.dreikoenigsgemeinde.de (in German). Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  • Trube, Ben (2012). "Scripture in Music (Part 1) – Psalm 84 "How Lovely Is Thy Dwelling Place"". bentrubewriter.com. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  • Wallace, Robert E. (2011). "The Narrative Effect of Psalms 84–89". Journal of Hebrew Scriptures. 11: 1–15. doi:10.5508/jhs.2011.v11.a10. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  • Warszawski, Jean-Marc (2005). "Castillon Marie-Alexis de Saint-Victor / (Alexis de Castillon) / 1838-1873". musicologie.org (in French). Retrieved 10 February 2009.
  • "Hymns for Psalm 84". ArkivMusic. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  • "282:0 Wie lieblich schön, Herr Zebaoth – Psalm 84 (Ö)". l4a.org. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  • The Boston Composers Project: A Bibliography of Contemporary Music. MIT Press. 1983. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-26-202198-2. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  • "Werke von "Matthias Jorissen" (1739–1823)". deutscheslied.com (in German). Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  • "Hymns for Psalm 84". hymnary.org. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  • "Chapel services, Michaelmas Term 2003". King's College, Cambridge. 2003. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  • "Wilhelm Kempff (1895–1991) / Werke sortiert nach Musikgattung". klassika.info (in German). Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  • "500 Jahre Reformation: Münchens erstes protestantisches Gotteshaus". muenchen-evangelisch.de (in German). 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  • "Razzia 1944". Putten (in Dutch). 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  • "Music Notes: Feast of Dedication". St. Thomas, Houston. 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2018.

Further reading

  • Peters, John P. (1910). "Notes on Some Ritual Uses of the Psalms". Journal of Biblical Literature. 29 (2): 113–125. doi:10.2307/4617110. JSTOR 4617110. S2CID 204845401.

External links

 
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Psalm 84
 
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Psalms
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Psalm 84.

March 04, 2023
psalm, this, article, about, hebrew, masoretic, numbering, greek, septuagint, latin, vulgate, numbering, psalm, 84th, psalm, book, psalms, book, psalms, forms, part, ketuvim, section, hebrew, bible, part, christian, testament, slightly, different, numbering, s. This article is about Psalm 84 in Hebrew Masoretic numbering For Psalm 84 in Greek Septuagint or Latin Vulgate numbering see Psalm 85 Psalm 84 is the 84th psalm of the Book of Psalms The Book of Psalms forms part of the Ketuvim section of the Hebrew Bible 1 and part of the Christian Old Testament In the slightly different numbering system of the Greek Septuagint version of the bible and in its Latin translations the Vulgate this psalm is Psalm 83 The psalm is a hymn psalm more specifically a pilgrimage psalm 2 attributed to the sons of Korah Psalm 84 How amiable are thy tabernacles Hymn psalm Pilgrimage psalmThe reference to the courts of the Lord can be seen at synagogues and churches here at the synagogue of Chalons en ChampagneOther name Quam dilecta tabernacula tua Domine virtutum Wie lieblich sind deine Wohnungen Written6th century BCE or earlierTextby KorahitesLanguageHebrew original In Latin the psalm is known as Quam dilecta tabernacula tua Domine virtutum 3 In the English of the King James Version it begins How amiable are thy tabernacles O Lord of hosts The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish Catholic Lutheran Anglican and other Protestant liturgies It has often been set to music notably in Schein s motet Wie lieblich sind deine Wohnungen and by Johannes Brahms who included it in his Ein deutsches Requiem The psalm was paraphrased in hymns Dealing with the place where God lives its beginning has been used as an inscription on synagogues and churches and the psalm is sung for dedication ceremonies of buildings and their anniversaries Contents 1 Context 2 Background and themes 3 Text 3 1 Hebrew Bible version 3 2 King James Version 4 Uses 4 1 Judaism 4 2 Catholicism 4 3 Protestantism 4 4 Historical usage 5 Musical settings 6 References 7 Cited sources 8 Further reading 9 External linksContext EditPsalm 84 begins a group of psalms at the end of Book III within the 150 psalms from this psalm to Psalm 89 These psalms attempt to provide hope to the exilic Israelite community but despite their celebration of the historic traditions of the Jewish people remind the reader that these elements no longer provide the hope they once did 4 Within this group Psalm 84 ties the presence of the divine to the temple 5 Four psalms of this group 84 85 87 and 88 are attributed to the Korahites who are described as the doorkeepers of the tabernacle in the Book of Chronicles 4 6 Background and themes EditThe psalm could have been written before or after the exile in Babylon 6th century BCE 7 It is attributed to the sons of Korah and was compiled by David into the Book of Psalms 8 9 The psalm begins with a praise of the place where God lives and where the singer longs to be The psalm begins and ends addressing God as the Lord of Hosts a divine epithet The longing goes further than the place where God lives yearning for the presence of the living God 7 God is also identified with the sun as giver of life and with a protective shield God is called my King and my God the power behind life 10 Originally the desired place of God meant the Temple in Jerusalem Some scholars believe that the psalm is written from the viewpoint of pilgrims on their way towards the temple while others think that it dates from the time of the exile longing to restore the destroyed temple 7 In Christian thinking the place where God lives is often identified with Eternal life 11 Augustine of Hippo wrote a detailed commentary He explained for example that For one day in Your courts is better than a thousand meant one peaceful everlasting day near God is preferable to many days in the human condition 12 James Luther Mays comments in the book Psalms that Psalm 84 is especially beloved of all the psalms that contemplate God s dwelling and notices that it contains three beatitudes 10 The Hebrew Hebrew ע מ ק ה ב כ א verse 6 has been translated as vale of tears or weeping 13 and as valley of Baca 14 7 Text EditHebrew Bible version Edit The text in the original Hebrew begins with a verse treated as a subtitle in the King James Version It is a musical direction for the conductor of the Levite musicians in the Temple in Jerusalem Verse Hebrew1 ל מ נ צ ח ע ל ה ג ת ית ל ב נ י ק ר ח מ ז מ ו ר2 מ ה י ד יד ו ת מ ש כ נו ת יך י ה ו ה צ ב א ו ת3 נ כ ס פ ה ו ג ם כ ל ת ה נ פ ש י ל ח צ ר ו ת י ה ו ה ל ב י ו ב ש ר י י ר נ נ ו א ל א ל ח י4 ג ם צ פ ו ר מ צ א ה ב י ת ו ד ר ו ר ק ן ל ה א ש ר ש ת ה א פ ר ח יה א ת מ ז ב חו ת יך י ה ו ה צ ב א ו ת מ ל כ י ו אל ה י5 א ש ר י י ו ש ב י ב ית ך ע ו ד י ה ל ל ו ך ס ל ה6 א ש ר י א ד ם ע ו ז לו ב ך מ ס ל ו ת ב ל ב ב ם7 ע ב ר י ב ע מ ק ה ב כ א מ ע י ן י ש ית ו הו ג ם ב ר כ ו ת י ע ט ה מו ר ה8 י ל כו מ ח י ל א ל ח י ל י ר א ה א ל א ל ה ים ב צ י ו ן9 י ה ו ה א ל ה ים צ ב או ת ש מ ע ה ת פ ל ת י ה א ז ינ ה א ל ה י י ע ק ב ס ל ה10 מ ג נ נו ר א ה א ל ה ים ו ה ב ט פ נ י מ ש יח ך 11 כ י טו ב י ו ם ב ח צ ר יך מ א ל ף ב ח ר ת י ה ס ת ו פ ף ב ב ית א ל ה י מ ד ו ר ב א ה ל י ר ש ע12 כ י ש מ ש ו מ ג ן י ה ו ה א ל ה ים ח ן ו כ בו ד י ת ן י ה ו ה ל א י מ נ ע ט ו ב ל ה ל כ ים ב ת מ ים13 י ה ו ה צ ב א ו ת א ש ר י א ד ם ב ט ח ב ך King James Version Edit How amiable are thy tabernacles O Lord of hosts My soul longeth yea even fainteth for the courts of the Lord my heart and my flesh crieth out for the living God Yea the sparrow hath found a house and the swallow a nest for herself where she may lay her young even thine altars O Lord of hosts my King and my God Blessed are they that dwell in thy house they will be still praising thee Selah Blessed is the man whose strength is in thee in whose heart are the ways of them Who passing through the valley of Baca make it a well the rain also filleth the pools They go from strength to strength every one of them in Zion appeareth before God O Lord God of hosts hear my prayer give ear O God of Jacob Selah Behold O God our shield and look upon the face of thine anointed For a day in thy courts is better than a thousand I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God than to dwell in the tents of wickedness For the Lord God is a sun and shield the Lord will give grace and glory no good thing will he withhold from them that walk uprightly O Lord of hosts blessed is the man that trusteth in thee 14 Uses EditJudaism Edit Verse 5 of the psalm Fortunate are those who stay in Your house they will continually praise You forever is the first of two introductory verses appended to the prayer commonly known as Ashrei Psalm 145 which is recited twice during Shacharit morning prayer service and once during Mincha afternoon prayer service 15 16 The first word of this verse Ashrei Fortunate gives its name to the whole prayer 15 Verse 13 O Lord of Hosts fortunate is the man who trusts in You is the second of a triad of verses recited in the Vehu Rachum prayer in Pesukei dezimra in Uva letzion and at the beginning of Maariv evening prayer service According to tradition the first verse in this group Psalms 46 8 was recited by Abraham this verse was recited by Isaac and the third verse Psalms 20 10 was recited by Jacob 17 the three Jewish Patriarchs Verse 13 is also one of the verses of salvation and hope recited at the beginning of the Havdalah ceremony 18 19 Catholicism Edit The psalm is part of the Catholic rite of dedication of churches and altars 20 Protestantism Edit Just like in Catholicism Psalm 84 was recommended for ceremonies to dedicate churches 21 The psalm has also been used for anniversaries of the dedication of churches such as the 50th Kirchweihfest of the rebuilt Luisenkirche in Berlin Charlottenburg 22 and the commemoration of 500 years Reformation in Munich 23 It is often the subject of sermons at such occasions as by Jurgen Seidl in a service on 7 May 2006 celebrating 125 years of the Dreikonigskirche in Frankfurt with the performance of Bach s cantata Gott der Herr ist Sonn und Schild BWV 79 which quotes from it 24 Historical usage Edit Thomas More wrote annotations in his Psalter for Psalm 84 while awaiting execution in the Tower of London expressing his desire to be able to take part in Christian worship again 25 During the Putten raid in October 1944 the Nazi occupiers of the Netherlands attacked the village of Putten and took nearly all of its male population to concentration camps from which only a few returned alive When deported the village men sang Psalm 84 26 In an annual commemoration at the location every October since the war a choir sings verses of the psalm 27 On April 30 1956 Senator Alben W Barkley who had been Vice President of the United States between 1949 and 1953 and who returned to the Senate after failing to gain the Presidency gave the keynote address at the Washington and Lee Mock Convention Barkley spoke of his willingness when returning to the Senate to sit with the other freshman senators though in his earlier Congressional career he had been a senior Senator and Majority Leader for many years He ended with an allusion to Psalm 84 10 saying I m glad to sit on the back row for I would rather be a servant in the House of the Lord than to sit in the seats of the mighty 28 He then collapsed onstage and died of a heart attack 29 Musical settings EditPsalm 84 source source Psalm 84 sung to a chant by Hubert Parry by the choir of Trinity Church Boston Johann Hermann Schein composed a motet using the beginning verses of Psalm 84 in the German translation by Martin Luther Wie lieblich sind deine Wohnungen in 1628 Heinrich Schutz set the psalm in German as part of his Op 2 Psalmen Davids sampt etlichen Moteten und Concerten Psalms of David with several motets and concertos 30 Henry Dumont one setting in 1652 Marc Antoine Charpentier 2 settings Quam dilecta Psalmus David octogesimus tertius H 167 for soloists double chorus flutes strings and continuo 1675 and H 186 for 3 voices 2 treble instruments and continuo 1680 Johann Sebastian Bach set verse 11 as the opening movement of his cantata Gott der Herr ist Sonn und Schild BWV 79 written for Reformation Day 1725 31 Johann Justus Kahle set the psalm as one of four Psalm Cantatas for soprano two oboes two violins and continuo for the dedication of the church in Ostrau 32 Johannes Brahms included verses 1 2 and 4 in German Wie lieblich sind deine Wohnungen How lovely are thy dwellings as the fourth and central movement of his German Requiem Ein deutsches Requiem Op 45 33 Friedrich Kiel set the first 2 verses as No 3 of his Six Motets Op 82 published in 1883 Alexis de Castillon set a Paraphrase du Psaume 84 Paraphrase of Psalm 84 by Louis Gallet for soloists choir and orchestra as his Op 17 34 Cover of Wilhelm Kempff s setting In 1913 Wilhelm Kempff composed a setting for choir a cappella for the cathedral choir in Berlin as his Op 1 35 Katherine Kennicott Davis the composer of the Christmas carol The Little Drummer Boy set verses 1 3 How Lovely Are Thy Dwellings for voice and piano or organ in 1952 36 Several songs and hymns are based on Psalm 84 or contain part of it for example the Dutch Wat hou ik van uw huis from Psalmen voor Nu Matthias Jorissen de wrote in 1798 a versed paraphrase for the Genfer Psalter Wie lieblich schon Herr Zebaoth ist deine Wohnung o mein Gott which appears in the Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch as EG 282 37 38 In 1834 Henry Francis Lyte wrote a hymn Pleasant are thy courts above a paraphrase of the psalm in four stanzas Popular at the beginning of the 20th century it is not very frequent in modern population John Milton the author of Paradise Lost wrote a hymn in condensed form of four short stanzas How lovely are Thy dwellings fair 39 Another hymn by Isaac Watts first published in 1719 paraphrases the Psalm beginning with Lord of the worlds above It was later re published in collections such as Hymns Ancient and Modern 40 Modern settings include and the swallow by Caroline Shaw 41 and Better is One Day by Matt Redman which is based on verse 10 42 References Edit Mazor 2011 p 589 Pankhurst 2018 Parallel Latin English Psalter Psalmus 83 84 Archived 2017 05 07 at the Wayback Machine medievalist net a b Wallace 2011 pp 2 4 Wallace 2011 pp 3 Bullock 2004 p 74 a b c d Dunn amp Rogerson 2003 p 405 Levin Neil W 2018 The Book of Psalms and its Musical Interpretations Milken Archive of Jewish Music Archived from the original on 9 April 2018 Retrieved 8 April 2018 Greenberg Levi 2018 Who Wrote the Book of Psalms Chabad org Archived from the original on 9 April 2018 Retrieved 8 April 2018 a b Mays 1994 Evans 2000 p 16 Augustine Tehillim Psalms Chapter 84 Chabad org 2018 Archived from the original on 8 March 2018 Retrieved 7 March 2018 a b Psalm 84 KJV Wikisource a b Morrison Rabbi Chanan 12 March 2007 Rabbi Kook on Psalm 84 Preparing for Prayer Israel National News Archived from the original on 9 April 2018 Retrieved 8 April 2018 Gradofsky 2009 Mansour Rabbi Eli Introducing Arbit With the Recitation of Ve hu Rahum dailyhalacha com Retrieved 8 April 2018 Hoffman Lawrence A ed 1997 My People s Prayer Book Shabbat at home Jewish Lights Publishing p 166 ISBN 1879045850 The Havdalah Ceremony Haruth Communications Archived from the original on 9 April 2018 Retrieved 8 April 2018 Ordo dedicationis ecclesiae 1977 Isaiasz 2007 Huber 2003 Munich 2017 Seidl 2006 Berger 2013 Putten 2020 Koster 2014 Hatfield p 6 Libbey in The Kentucky Encyclopedia p 53 Psalmen Davids sampt etlichen Moteten und Concerten Op 2 Schutz Heinrich Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Dellal ArkivMusic 2018 Trube 2012 Warszawski 2005 Klassika Boston 2018 Deutsches Lied 2018 Bibeln 2018 Pleasant are Thy courts above Hymnary org Longing for the House of God Hymnary org Retrieved 26 March 2021 White Light Festival The Psalms Experience PDF Lincoln Center Retrieved 14 June 2020 Better Is One Day Word To Worship Retrieved 14 June 2020 Cited sources EditAugustine of Hippo January 2000 Exposition on Psalm 84 newadvent org ISBN 978 0 66 425557 2 Berger Teresa 2013 Gender Differences and the Making of Liturgical History Lifting a Veil on Liturgy s Past Ashgate Publishing Ltd p 147 ISBN 978 1 40 948149 2 Bullock C Hassell 2004 Encountering the Book of Psalms A Literary and Theological Introduction Baker Academic pp 74 77 ISBN 978 0 80 102795 6 Dellal Pamela BWV 79 Gott der Herr ist Sonn und Schild Emmanuel Music Retrieved 2 November 2014 Dunn James D G Rogerson John William 2003 Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible Wm B Eerdmans Publishing p 16 ISBN 978 0 80 283711 0 Evans G R 2000 A History of Pastoral Care A amp C Black p 16 ISBN 978 0 22 566840 7 Gradofsky Noah 2009 Basic Judaism Course PDF templeisraeloflb org p 190 Retrieved 4 April 2018 Huber Wolfgang 2003 Gottesdienst zum 50 Kirchweihfest der neuen Luisenkirche in Berlin Charlottenburg Psalm 84 2 13 ekd de in German Retrieved 22 March 2018 Isaiasz Vera 2007 Stadt und Religion in der fruhen Neuzeit soziale Ordnungen und ihre Reprasentationen in German Campus Verlag pp 133 134 ISBN 978 3593384368 Koster Jan 7 October 2014 Psalm 84 jaarlijks bij de herdenking te Putten genemuidenactueel nl in Dutch Retrieved 11 November 2020 Mays James Luther 1994 Psalm 84 How lovely Your Dwelling Place Psalms Westminster John Knox Press pp 274 280 ISBN 978 0 66 423747 9 Mazor Lea 2011 Berlin Adele Grossman Maxine eds Book of Psalms The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 973004 9 Pankhurst Jennifer 2018 The Conventions of Biblical Poetry myjewishlearning com Retrieved 3 April 2018 Seidl Jurgen 2006 Predigt zu Psalm 84 archiv dreikoenigsgemeinde de in German Retrieved 3 April 2018 Trube Ben 2012 Scripture in Music Part 1 Psalm 84 How Lovely Is Thy Dwelling Place bentrubewriter com Retrieved 10 March 2018 Wallace Robert E 2011 The Narrative Effect of Psalms 84 89 Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 11 1 15 doi 10 5508 jhs 2011 v11 a10 Retrieved 10 April 2018 Warszawski Jean Marc 2005 Castillon Marie Alexis de Saint Victor Alexis de Castillon 1838 1873 musicologie org in French Retrieved 10 February 2009 Hymns for Psalm 84 ArkivMusic Retrieved 4 April 2018 282 0 Wie lieblich schon Herr Zebaoth Psalm 84 O l4a org Retrieved 5 April 2018 The Boston Composers Project A Bibliography of Contemporary Music MIT Press 1983 p 128 ISBN 978 0 26 202198 2 Retrieved 16 April 2018 Werke von Matthias Jorissen 1739 1823 deutscheslied com in German Retrieved 5 April 2018 Hymns for Psalm 84 hymnary org Retrieved 9 March 2018 Chapel services Michaelmas Term 2003 King s College Cambridge 2003 Retrieved 22 March 2018 Wilhelm Kempff 1895 1991 Werke sortiert nach Musikgattung klassika info in German Retrieved 9 March 2018 500 Jahre Reformation Munchens erstes protestantisches Gotteshaus muenchen evangelisch de in German 2017 Retrieved 22 March 2018 Razzia 1944 Putten in Dutch 2020 Retrieved 11 November 2020 Music Notes Feast of Dedication St Thomas Houston 2018 Retrieved 22 March 2018 Further reading EditPeters John P 1910 Notes on Some Ritual Uses of the Psalms Journal of Biblical Literature 29 2 113 125 doi 10 2307 4617110 JSTOR 4617110 S2CID 204845401 External links Edit Wikisource has original text related to this article Psalm 84 Wikisource has original text related to this article Easton s Bible Dictionary 1897 Psalms Wikimedia Commons has media related to Psalm 84 Pieces with text from Psalm 84 Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Psalm 84 Free scores at the Choral Public Domain Library ChoralWiki Psalms Chapter 84 ת ה ל ים text in Hebrew and English mechon mamre org Psalm 84 The Pilgrim s Love and Longing for God and His House text and detailed commentary enduringword com For the leader upon the gittith A psalm of the Korahites text and footnotes usccb org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops PSAL LXXXIV translation by John Milton dartmouth edu Psalm 84 1 introduction and text biblestudytools com Charles H Spurgeon Psalm 84 detailed commentary archive spurgeon org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Psalm 84 amp oldid 1122699542, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, 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