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Thurn und Taxis

January 07, 2023

This article is about the German noble family. For the postal system, see Thurn-und-Taxis Post. For the board game, see Thurn and Taxis (board game).

The Princely House of Thurn and Taxis (German: Fürstenhaus Thurn und Taxis [ˈtuːɐ̯n ʔʊnt ˈtaksɪs]) is a family of German nobility that is part of the Briefadel. It was a key player in the postal services in Europe during the 16th century, until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, and became well known as the owner of breweries and builder of many castles. The current head of the House is Albert, 12th Prince of Thurn and Taxis. The family is one of the wealthiest in Germany and has resided at St. Emmeram Castle in Regensburg since 1812. They have resided in this city since 1748.

Coat of arms of the Princes of Thurn and Taxis

They are one of the mediatised Houses for their former Sovereign Imperial counties, later mediatised to Kingdom of Wurttemberg (Principality of Buchau, now Bad Buchau), Kingdom of Bavaria and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.

History

County of Thurn and Taxis
Grafschaft Thurn und Taxis
1608–1806
 
Coat of arms
StatusState of the Holy Roman Empire
CapitalRegensburg
GovernmentPrincipality
Historical eraEarly modern period
• Raised to Briefadel
1512
• Raised to Reichsfreiherren
1608
• Hereditary Imperial Postmaster General
1615
• Raised to County
1624
• Granted princely rank (Spanish Court)
1681
1695
1806
• Postal monopoly nationalised
1867
 Succeeded by
See also: Compagnia dei Corrieri and Kaiserliche Reichspost

The Tasso family (from the Italian word for "badger") was a Lombard family in the area of Bergamo. The earliest records place them in Almenno in the Val Brembana around 1200,[1] before they fled to the more distant village of Cornello to escape feuding between Bergamo's Colleoni (Guelf) and Suardi (Ghibelline) families. Around 1290,[2] after Milan had conquered Bergamo, Omodeo Tasso organized 32 of his relatives into the Company of Couriers (Compagnia dei Corrieri) and linked Milan with Venice and Rome.[3] The recipient of royal and papal patronage, his post riders were so comparatively efficient that they became known as bergamaschi throughout Italy.[4]

Ruggiero de Tassis was named to the court of the emperor Frederick the Peaceful in 1443. He organized a post system between Bergamo and Vienna by 1450;[2] from Innsbruck to Italy and Styria around 1460; and Vienna with Brussels around 1480.[2] Upon his success, Ruggiero was knighted and made a gentleman of the Chamber.[4][5] Janetto von Taxis [de] was appointed Chief Master of Postal Services at Innsbruck in 1489. Philip of Burgundy elevated Janetto's brother Francesco I de Tassis [it] to captain of his post in 1502.[6] Owing to a payment dispute with Philip, Francisco opened his post to public use in 1506.[2] By 1516, Francisco had moved the family to Brussels in the Duchy of Brabant, where they became instrumental to Habsburg rule, linking the rich Habsburg Netherlands to the Spanish court.[6] The normal route passed through France, but a secondary route across the Alps to Genoa was available in times of hostility.

At the death of Francisco in 1517, emperor Charles V appointed Francisco's nephew Johann Baptista von Taxis (1470-1541) as Generalpostmeister of the Reichspost. Johann Baptista was briefly succeeded by his eldest son, Franz II von Taxis (1514-1543), after whose untimely death the family split into two further branches. The youngest son, Leonhard I von Taxis, succeeded as Generalpostmeister and is the ancestor of the princely Thurn and Taxis family. Johann Baptista's second-eldest son, Raymond de Tassis (1515-1579), took over the office of postmaster-general to the Crown of Spain and settled in Spain. Raymond married into Spanish nobility, and his eldest son Juan de Tassis was created Count of Villamediana in 1603 by Phillip III. The Spanish line of the family became extinct with Juan de Tassis, 2nd Count of Villamediana, a celebrated poet who died in mysterious circumstances in 1622.[7]

The name Thurn und Taxis arose from the translation into German of the family's French title (de La Tour et Tassis or de Tour et Taxis). Charles V named Giovanni Battista de Tassis as master of his post in 1520; Maximilian I expanded their network throughout the Holy Roman Empire.[8] In 1624, the family members were elevated to grafen (counts), and they formally adopted the German form of their name in 1650. They were named 'princely' in 1695 at the behest of Emperor Leopold I.

The family operated the Thurn-und-Taxis Post, successor to the Imperial Reichspost of the Holy Roman Empire, between 1806 and 1867. Their postal service was gradually lost over the centuries, with the Spanish network being bought by the crown in the 18th century and the German post being purchased by Prussia after the fall of the Free City of Frankfurt in 1866. The family seat was established in Regensburg, Germany, and it has remained at St. Emmeram Castle there since 1748.

 
Small section of the extensive family seat at St. Emmeram Castle in Regensburg, Germany

Rainer Maria Rilke wrote his Duino Elegies while visiting Princess Marie of Thurn and Taxis (née Princess of Hohenlohe) at her family's Duino Castle. Rilke later dedicated his only novel (The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge) to the princess, who was his patroness. Princess Marie's relation to Regensburg's Thurn and Taxis family is rather distant, however – she was married to Prince Alexander of Thurn and Taxis, a member of the family's Czech branch that in the early 19th century settled in Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) and became strongly connected to Czech national culture and history.

Several members of the family have been Knights of Malta.

Until 1919, the titles of the head of the princely house were Seine Durchlaucht der Fürst von Thurn und Taxis, Fürst zu Buchau und Fürst von Krotoszyn, Herzog zu Wörth und Donaustauf, gefürsteter Graf zu Friedberg-Scheer, Graf zu Valle-Sássina, auch zu Marchtal, Neresheim usw., Erbgeneralpostmeister (His Serene Highness the Prince of Thurn and Taxis, Prince of Buchau and Prince of Krotoszyn, Duke of Wörth and Donaustauf, Princely Count of Friedberg-Scheer, Count of Valle-Sássina, Marchtal, Neresheim etc., Hereditary Postmaster General).[9]

The current head of the house of Thurn and Taxis is Albert II, 12th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, son of Johannes and his wife, Gloria. The family is one of the wealthiest in Germany. The family's brewery was sold to the Paulaner Group of Munich in 1996, but it still produces beer under the brand of Thurn und Taxis.

Princes of Thurn and Taxis

The Thurn and Taxis family came to massive media attention during the late 1970s through mid-1980s when Prince Johannes married Countess Mariae Gloria of Schönburg-Glauchau, a member of an impoverished but mediatized noble family. The couple's wild, "jet set" lifestyle and Princess Gloria's over-the-top appearance (characterized by bright hair colours and avant-garde clothes) earned her the nickname of "Princess TNT".[10]

Cultural references

See also

References and sources

Notes
  1. ^ Serassi, Pierantonio. La vita di Torquato Tasso, pp. 4 ff. Pagliarini, 1785. Retrieved 2 October 2013. (in Italian)
  2. ^ a b c d The Encyclopedia Americana: The International Reference Work, Vol. 25, p. 476. Utgiver Americana Corporation, 1958. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  3. ^ Turismo Lombardia. "Il Borgo di Camerata Cornello dei Tasso 2013-10-04 at the Wayback Machine". Retrieved 3 October 2013. (in Italian)
  4. ^ a b López Jurado, Luis Felipe. Prefilatelia de Murcia: Historia Postal del Reino de Murcia desde 1569 hasta 1861, pp. 26 ff. "La Familia Tassis". Editora Regional de Murcia, 2006. Retrieved 3 October 2013. (in Spanish)
  5. ^ Le Folklore Brabancon, p. 372. (Brabant), 1981. Retrieved 3 October 2013. (in French)
  6. ^ a b Papadopoulos, A.G. Urban Regimes and Strategies: Building Europe's Central Executive District in Brussels (University of Chicago Press, 1996), p. 41. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  7. ^ Frederick A. de Armas, "The Play's the Thing': Clues to a Murder in Villamediana's La Gloria de Niquea," Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 78 (2001): 439-54.
  8. ^ McRobbie, L. R. Gute Prinzessinnen kommen ins Märchen, böse schreiben Geschichte: Von Olga, der Wilden, über Kaiserin Sisi bis zu Gloria von Thurn und Taxis. BTB Verlag, 2014.
  9. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser. Band XV, Limburg/Lahn 1997, S. 474.
  10. ^ Princess TNT 26 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine (also referred to as "Princess TNT, the dynamite socialite") according to the June 2006 edition of Vanity Fair Magazine).
Sources
  • Wolfgang Behringer, Thurn und Taxis, Die Geschichte ihrer Post und ihrer Unternehmen, München, Zürich 1990 ISBN 3-492-03336-9
  • Martin Dallmeier, Quellen zur Geschichte des europäischen Postwesens, Kallmünz 1977
  • Martin Dallmeier and Martha Schad, Das Fürstliche Haus Thurn und Taxis, 300 Jahre Geschichte in Bildern, Regensburg 1996, ISBN 3-7917-1492-9
  • Fritz Ohmann, Die Anfänge des Postwesens und die Taxis, Leipzig 1909
  • Joseph Rübsam, Johann Baptista von Taxis, Freiburg im Breisgau 1889
  • Marecek, Zdenek, Loucen a Thurn Taxisove. Pohledy do doby minule i nedavne. Obec Loucen, 1998.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thurn und Taxis family.
  • Thurn und Taxis family website
  • Thurn & Taxis Post & Telecom History
  • Pedigrees of Thurn und Taxis family
  • Old German States Stamps Altdeutschland – link to the postage stamps Thurn und Taxis issued, 1852–67
  • Newspaper clippings about Thurn und Taxis in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

January 07, 2023
thurn, taxis, this, article, about, german, noble, family, postal, system, thurn, taxis, post, board, game, thurn, taxis, board, game, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improv. This article is about the German noble family For the postal system see Thurn und Taxis Post For the board game see Thurn and Taxis board game This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations June 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Princely House of Thurn and Taxis German Furstenhaus Thurn und Taxis ˈtuːɐ n ʔʊnt ˈtaksɪs is a family of German nobility that is part of the Briefadel It was a key player in the postal services in Europe during the 16th century until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 and became well known as the owner of breweries and builder of many castles The current head of the House is Albert 12th Prince of Thurn and Taxis The family is one of the wealthiest in Germany and has resided at St Emmeram Castle in Regensburg since 1812 They have resided in this city since 1748 Coat of arms of the Princes of Thurn and Taxis They are one of the mediatised Houses for their former Sovereign Imperial counties later mediatised to Kingdom of Wurttemberg Principality of Buchau now Bad Buchau Kingdom of Bavaria and Hohenzollern Sigmaringen Contents 1 History 2 Princes of Thurn and Taxis 3 Cultural references 4 See also 5 References and sources 6 External linksHistory EditCounty of Thurn and TaxisGrafschaft Thurn und Taxis1608 1806 Coat of armsStatusState of the Holy Roman EmpireCapitalRegensburgGovernmentPrincipalityHistorical eraEarly modern period Raised to Briefadel1512 Raised to Reichsfreiherren1608 Hereditary Imperial Postmaster General1615 Raised to County1624 Granted princely rank Spanish Court 1681 Princely county1695 Mediatised to Bavaria1806 Postal monopoly nationalised1867Succeeded byKingdom of Bavaria See also Compagnia dei Corrieri and Kaiserliche Reichspost The Tasso family from the Italian word for badger was a Lombard family in the area of Bergamo The earliest records place them in Almenno in the Val Brembana around 1200 1 before they fled to the more distant village of Cornello to escape feuding between Bergamo s Colleoni Guelf and Suardi Ghibelline families Around 1290 2 after Milan had conquered Bergamo Omodeo Tasso organized 32 of his relatives into the Company of Couriers Compagnia dei Corrieri and linked Milan with Venice and Rome 3 The recipient of royal and papal patronage his post riders were so comparatively efficient that they became known as bergamaschi throughout Italy 4 Ruggiero de Tassis was named to the court of the emperor Frederick the Peaceful in 1443 He organized a post system between Bergamo and Vienna by 1450 2 from Innsbruck to Italy and Styria around 1460 and Vienna with Brussels around 1480 2 Upon his success Ruggiero was knighted and made a gentleman of the Chamber 4 5 Janetto von Taxis de was appointed Chief Master of Postal Services at Innsbruck in 1489 Philip of Burgundy elevated Janetto s brother Francesco I de Tassis it to captain of his post in 1502 6 Owing to a payment dispute with Philip Francisco opened his post to public use in 1506 2 By 1516 Francisco had moved the family to Brussels in the Duchy of Brabant where they became instrumental to Habsburg rule linking the rich Habsburg Netherlands to the Spanish court 6 The normal route passed through France but a secondary route across the Alps to Genoa was available in times of hostility At the death of Francisco in 1517 emperor Charles V appointed Francisco s nephew Johann Baptista von Taxis 1470 1541 as Generalpostmeister of the Reichspost Johann Baptista was briefly succeeded by his eldest son Franz II von Taxis 1514 1543 after whose untimely death the family split into two further branches The youngest son Leonhard I von Taxis succeeded as Generalpostmeister and is the ancestor of the princely Thurn and Taxis family Johann Baptista s second eldest son Raymond de Tassis 1515 1579 took over the office of postmaster general to the Crown of Spain and settled in Spain Raymond married into Spanish nobility and his eldest son Juan de Tassis was created Count of Villamediana in 1603 by Phillip III The Spanish line of the family became extinct with Juan de Tassis 2nd Count of Villamediana a celebrated poet who died in mysterious circumstances in 1622 7 The name Thurn und Taxis arose from the translation into German of the family s French title de La Tour et Tassis or de Tour et Taxis Charles V named Giovanni Battista de Tassis as master of his post in 1520 Maximilian I expanded their network throughout the Holy Roman Empire 8 In 1624 the family members were elevated to grafen counts and they formally adopted the German form of their name in 1650 They were named princely in 1695 at the behest of Emperor Leopold I The family operated the Thurn und Taxis Post successor to the Imperial Reichspost of the Holy Roman Empire between 1806 and 1867 Their postal service was gradually lost over the centuries with the Spanish network being bought by the crown in the 18th century and the German post being purchased by Prussia after the fall of the Free City of Frankfurt in 1866 The family seat was established in Regensburg Germany and it has remained at St Emmeram Castle there since 1748 Small section of the extensive family seat at St Emmeram Castle in Regensburg Germany Rainer Maria Rilke wrote his Duino Elegies while visiting Princess Marie of Thurn and Taxis nee Princess of Hohenlohe at her family s Duino Castle Rilke later dedicated his only novel The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge to the princess who was his patroness Princess Marie s relation to Regensburg s Thurn and Taxis family is rather distant however she was married to Prince Alexander of Thurn and Taxis a member of the family s Czech branch that in the early 19th century settled in Bohemia now the Czech Republic and became strongly connected to Czech national culture and history Several members of the family have been Knights of Malta Until 1919 the titles of the head of the princely house were Seine Durchlaucht der Furst von Thurn und Taxis Furst zu Buchau und Furst von Krotoszyn Herzog zu Worth und Donaustauf gefursteter Graf zu Friedberg Scheer Graf zu Valle Sassina auch zu Marchtal Neresheim usw Erbgeneralpostmeister His Serene Highness the Prince of Thurn and Taxis Prince of Buchau and Prince of Krotoszyn Duke of Worth and Donaustauf Princely Count of Friedberg Scheer Count of Valle Sassina Marchtal Neresheim etc Hereditary Postmaster General 9 The current head of the house of Thurn and Taxis is Albert II 12th Prince of Thurn and Taxis son of Johannes and his wife Gloria The family is one of the wealthiest in Germany The family s brewery was sold to the Paulaner Group of Munich in 1996 but it still produces beer under the brand of Thurn und Taxis Princes of Thurn and Taxis EditEugen Alexander 1st Prince 1695 1714 1652 1714 Anselm Franz 2nd Prince 1714 1739 1681 1739 Alexander Ferdinand 3rd Prince 1739 1773 1704 1773 Karl Anselm 4th Prince 1773 1805 1733 1805 Karl Alexander 5th Prince 1805 1827 1770 1827 Maximilian Karl 6th Prince 1827 1871 1802 1871 Maximilian Anton Hereditary Prince of Thurn and Taxis 1831 1867 Maximilian Maria 7th Prince 1871 1885 1862 1885 Albert I 8th Prince 1885 1952 1867 1952 Franz Joseph 9th Prince 1952 1971 1893 1971 Prince Gabriel 1922 1942 Karl August 10th Prince 1971 1982 1898 1982 Johannes Baptista 11th Prince 1982 1990 1926 1990 Albert II 12th Prince 1990 present born 1983 Prince Raphael Rainer 1906 1993 Prince Max Emanuel 1935 2020 two sons without dynastic rights Prince Philipp Ernst 1908 1964 Prince Albert Friedrich 1930 2021 Prince Maximilian Joseph 1769 1831 founder of the Czech branch of the family Prince Karl Anselm 1792 1844 Prince Hugo Maximilian 1817 1889 Prince Alexander Johann 1851 1939 Prince Erich Lamoral 1876 1952 Prince Johann von Nepomuk 1908 1959 1 Prince Friedrich born 1950 heir presumptive 2 Prince Karl Ferdinand born 1952 three sons without dynastic rights 3 Prince Maximilian born 1955 Prince Alexander 1881 1937 1st Principe della Torre e Tasso and Duke of Castel Duino 1923 1937 some heirs are without dynastic rights Prince Raimundo Prince Carlo Prince Luigi Prince Alessandro Princess Margarete The Thurn and Taxis family came to massive media attention during the late 1970s through mid 1980s when Prince Johannes married Countess Mariae Gloria of Schonburg Glauchau a member of an impoverished but mediatized noble family The couple s wild jet set lifestyle and Princess Gloria s over the top appearance characterized by bright hair colours and avant garde clothes earned her the nickname of Princess TNT 10 Cultural references EditThe mail monopoly of Thurn and Taxis is central to the plot of The Crying of Lot 49 by Thomas Pynchon The board game Thurn and Taxis by Andreas Seyfarth and Karen Seyfarth is inspired by the family The protagonist of Walter Jon Williams s Elegy for Angels and Dogs is the head of the Thurn und Taxis family Thurn und Taxis are also mentioned in several volumes of the 163x series by Eric Flint and others e g 1635 The Dreeson Incident and 1636 The Saxon Uprising The credits for Season 3 Episode 4 of the television show The Good Place features a character named The Baroness von Thurn und Taxis played by Ilka Urbach See also EditCzech branch of the House of Thurn and Taxis Donaustauf Castle Bavaria Dukes of Castel Duino an Italian branch Order of Parfaite Amitie Palais Thurn und Taxis Frankfurt Tour amp Taxis Brussels Thurn und Taxis PostReferences and sources EditNotes Serassi Pierantonio La vita di Torquato Tasso pp 4 ff Pagliarini 1785 Retrieved 2 October 2013 in Italian a b c d The Encyclopedia Americana The International Reference Work Vol 25 p 476 Utgiver Americana Corporation 1958 Retrieved 3 October 2013 Turismo Lombardia Il Borgo di Camerata Cornello dei Tasso Archived 2013 10 04 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 3 October 2013 in Italian a b Lopez Jurado Luis Felipe Prefilatelia de Murcia Historia Postal del Reino de Murcia desde 1569 hasta 1861 pp 26 ff La Familia Tassis Editora Regional de Murcia 2006 Retrieved 3 October 2013 in Spanish Le Folklore Brabancon p 372 Brabant 1981 Retrieved 3 October 2013 in French a b Papadopoulos A G Urban Regimes and Strategies Building Europe s Central Executive District in Brussels University of Chicago Press 1996 p 41 Retrieved 3 October 2013 Frederick A de Armas The Play s the Thing Clues to a Murder in Villamediana s La Gloria de Niquea Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 78 2001 439 54 McRobbie L R Gute Prinzessinnen kommen ins Marchen bose schreiben Geschichte Von Olga der Wilden uber Kaiserin Sisi bis zu Gloria von Thurn und Taxis BTB Verlag 2014 Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels Furstliche Hauser Band XV Limburg Lahn 1997 S 474 Princess TNT Archived 26 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine also referred to as Princess TNT the dynamite socialite according to the June 2006 edition of Vanity Fair Magazine SourcesWolfgang Behringer Thurn und Taxis Die Geschichte ihrer Post und ihrer Unternehmen Munchen Zurich 1990 ISBN 3 492 03336 9 Martin Dallmeier Quellen zur Geschichte des europaischen Postwesens Kallmunz 1977 Martin Dallmeier and Martha Schad Das Furstliche Haus Thurn und Taxis 300 Jahre Geschichte in Bildern Regensburg 1996 ISBN 3 7917 1492 9 Fritz Ohmann Die Anfange des Postwesens und die Taxis Leipzig 1909 Joseph Rubsam Johann Baptista von Taxis Freiburg im Breisgau 1889 Marecek Zdenek Loucen a Thurn Taxisove Pohledy do doby minule i nedavne Obec Loucen 1998 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thurn und Taxis family Thurn und Taxis family website Thurn amp Taxis Post amp Telecom History Pedigrees of Thurn und Taxis family Old German States Stamps Altdeutschland link to the postage stamps Thurn und Taxis issued 1852 67 Newspaper clippings about Thurn und Taxis in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thurn und Taxis amp oldid 1130588765, 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