Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai (Tamil: பொருநராற்றுப்படை, lit. "guide for war bards") is an ancient Tamil poem and the second lay of the Pattuppattu anthology in the Sangam literature.[1] It contains 248 lines, mostly in the akaval meter.[2] It is one of five arruppatai genre poems, possibly the oldest one, aimed as a guide to other bards seeking a patron for their art. Set in the early Chola kingdom, describes about Uraiyur, the capital of Cholas and the Powerful King of early cholas Karikala Cholan, his early life and how he brought up the King of Chola Kingdom. It was composed by Mutattamakkanniyar sometime around 180–190 CE, states Kamil Zvelebil – a Tamil literature scholar.[3][4]
The Porunararruppatai poem, also called Porunarattrupadai,[5] is set in the context of a meeting of the poet with a "war bard" (porunar) and his wife, wherein the poet guides his hosts on how to go about meeting the Chola king, the background information about the king and his kingdom.[3]
The poem is notable for its two strings of similes.[6] In the first string, the poet compares each part of the lute to different parts of the female body.[3] For example, the surface of the lute is described as "fair belly of the pregnant woman" and the overall appearance of the musical instrument is described as "bedecked bride".[3][6] In the second string of similes, a danseuse body is compared to images of nature. The poet compares, for example, her small feet to "tongue of a panting hound", her mound-of-venus to "seat of bees", her navel to "water ripple", her earlobes to "well-shaped loops of scissors".[3][6] The poem also includes hyperbolic and humorous statements.[7][8]
The poem is a source of historical information about the ancient Chola kingdom and king Karikala.[3] It describes the River Kaveri along with the towns settled along its banks.[2] The poem dedicates many lines each to four regions of the Chola kingdom, along with flora, fauna and different fruits.[9] The Porunararruppatai is another source of the ancient Tamil culture, lifestyle, and people. For example, it mentions the town of Cholanadu and states that the inhabitants there eat meat and drink liquor, states Zvelebil.[2] According to Chelliah, this poem suggests that the 2nd-century Tamil society ate meat, and the shift to vegetarian lifestyle happened in later centuries.[10] The god of war Murugan, a goddess possibly Kali Kankalan, along with the ceremonial ancestral offering of red rice to crows (shraddha) are mentioned in the poem. A few lines of Porunarattrupadai allude to the rebirth and karma (ool) theories, suggestive of Brahmanical ideas.[10]
JV Chelliah (1946). Pattupattu - Ten Tamil Idylls (Tamil Verses with Englilsh Translation). Tamil University (1985 print).
Edward Jewitt Robinson (2001). Tamil Wisdom: Traditions Concerning Hindu Sages and Selections from Their Writings. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services.
Mudaliyar, Singaravelu A., Apithana Cintamani, An encyclopaedia of Tamil Literature, (1931) - Reprinted by Asian Educational Services, New Delhi (1983)
Pillai, M. S. Purnalingam (1994). Tamil Literature. Asian Educational Services. p. 115. ISBN81-206-0955-7.
Ray, Himanshu Prabha (2003). The archaeology of seafaring in ancient South Asia. Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. ISBN9780521011099.
Selby, Martha Ann (2011) Tamil Love Poetry: The Five Hundred Short Poems of the Aiṅkuṟunūṟu, an Early Third-Century Anthology. Columbia University Press, ISBN9780231150651
Takanobu Takahashi (1995). Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics. BRILL Academic. ISBN90-04-10042-3.
Kamil Zvelebil (1973). The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India. BRILL. ISBN90-04-03591-5.
Kamil Zvelebil (1974). Tamil Literature. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN978-3-447-01582-0.
poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai, topics, sangam, literaturesangam, literatureagattiyam, tolkāppiyameighteen, greater, textseight, anthologiesaiṅkurunūṟu, akanāṉūṟupuṟanāṉūṟu, kalittokaikuṟuntokai, natṟiṇaiparipāṭal, patiṟṟuppattuten, idyllstirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai, kuṟiñcippāṭṭu. Topics in Sangam literatureSangam literatureAgattiyam TolkappiyamEighteen Greater TextsEight AnthologiesAiṅkurunuṟu AkanaṉuṟuPuṟanaṉuṟu KalittokaiKuṟuntokai NatṟiṇaiParipaṭal PatiṟṟuppattuTen IdyllsTirumurukaṟṟuppaṭai KuṟincippaṭṭuMalaipaṭukaṭam MaturaikkanciMullaippaṭṭu NeṭunalvaṭaiPaṭṭiṉappalai PerumpaṇaṟṟuppaṭaiPoruṇaraṟṟuppaṭai CiṟupaṇaṟṟuppaṭaiRelated topicsSangam Sangam landscapeTamil history from Sangam literature Ancient Tamil musicEighteen Lesser TextsNalaṭiyar NaṉmaṇikkaṭikaiIṉṉa Naṟpatu Iṉiyavai NaṟpatuKar Naṟpatu Kaḷavaḻi NaṟpatuAintiṇai Aimpatu Tiṉaimoḻi AimpatuAintinai Eḻupatu Tiṇaimalai NuṟṟaimpatuTirukkuṟaḷ TirikaṭukamAcarakkōvai Paḻamoḻi NaṉuṟuCiṟupancamulam MutumoḻikkanciElati KainnilaieditPoruṇaraṟṟuppaṭai Tamil ப ர நர ற ற ப பட lit guide for war bards is an ancient Tamil poem and the second lay of the Pattuppattu anthology in the Sangam literature 1 It contains 248 lines mostly in the akaval meter 2 It is one of five arruppatai genre poems possibly the oldest one aimed as a guide to other bards seeking a patron for their art Set in the early Chola kingdom describes about Uraiyur the capital of Cholas and the Powerful King of early cholas Karikala Cholan his early life and how he brought up the King of Chola Kingdom It was composed by Mutattamakkanniyar sometime around 180 190 CE states Kamil Zvelebil a Tamil literature scholar 3 4 The Porunararruppatai poem also called Porunarattrupadai 5 is set in the context of a meeting of the poet with a war bard porunar and his wife wherein the poet guides his hosts on how to go about meeting the Chola king the background information about the king and his kingdom 3 The poem is notable for its two strings of similes 6 In the first string the poet compares each part of the lute to different parts of the female body 3 For example the surface of the lute is described as fair belly of the pregnant woman and the overall appearance of the musical instrument is described as bedecked bride 3 6 In the second string of similes a danseuse body is compared to images of nature The poet compares for example her small feet to tongue of a panting hound her mound of venus to seat of bees her navel to water ripple her earlobes to well shaped loops of scissors 3 6 The poem also includes hyperbolic and humorous statements 7 8 The poem is a source of historical information about the ancient Chola kingdom and king Karikala 3 It describes the River Kaveri along with the towns settled along its banks 2 The poem dedicates many lines each to four regions of the Chola kingdom along with flora fauna and different fruits 9 The Porunararruppatai is another source of the ancient Tamil culture lifestyle and people For example it mentions the town of Cholanadu and states that the inhabitants there eat meat and drink liquor states Zvelebil 2 According to Chelliah this poem suggests that the 2nd century Tamil society ate meat and the shift to vegetarian lifestyle happened in later centuries 10 The god of war Murugan a goddess possibly Kali Kankalan along with the ceremonial ancestral offering of red rice to crows shraddha are mentioned in the poem A few lines of Porunarattrupadai allude to the rebirth and karma ool theories suggestive of Brahmanical ideas 10 See also EditEighteen Greater Texts Sangam literatureReferences Edit Kamil Zvelebil 1973 pp 29 56 a b c Kamil Zvelebil 1973 p 56 a b c d e f Kamil Zvelebil 1974 p 23 Kamil Zvelebil 1973 p 42 Chart 4 JV Chelliah 1946 p 55 a b c JV Chelliah 1946 pp 58 59 Kamil Zvelebil 1974 pp 23 24 JV Chelliah 1946 p 59 JV Chelliah 1946 pp 55 57 73 75 a b JV Chelliah 1946 pp 55 57 Bibliography Edit JV Chelliah 1946 Pattupattu Ten Tamil Idylls Tamil Verses with Englilsh Translation Tamil University 1985 print Edward Jewitt Robinson 2001 Tamil Wisdom Traditions Concerning Hindu Sages and Selections from Their Writings New Delhi Asian Educational Services Mudaliyar Singaravelu A Apithana Cintamani An encyclopaedia of Tamil Literature 1931 Reprinted by Asian Educational Services New Delhi 1983 Pillai M S Purnalingam 1994 Tamil Literature Asian Educational Services p 115 ISBN 81 206 0955 7 Ray Himanshu Prabha 2003 The archaeology of seafaring in ancient South Asia Cambridge Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge ISBN 9780521011099 Selby Martha Ann 2011 Tamil Love Poetry The Five Hundred Short Poems of the Aiṅkuṟunuṟu an Early Third Century Anthology Columbia University Press ISBN 9780231150651 Takanobu Takahashi 1995 Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics BRILL Academic ISBN 90 04 10042 3 Kamil Zvelebil 1973 The Smile of Murugan On Tamil Literature of South India BRILL ISBN 90 04 03591 5 Kamil Zvelebil 1974 Tamil Literature Otto Harrassowitz Verlag ISBN 978 3 447 01582 0 Zvelebil Kamil 1992 Companion studies to the history of Tamil literature BRILL p 73 ISBN 90 04 09365 6 This Tamil related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte This article about the literature of India is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it 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