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Ponginae

January 01, 1970

Not to be confused with Pongidae.

Ponginae /pɒnˈdʒaɪniː/, also known as the Asian hominids, is a subfamily in the family Hominidae. Once a diverse lineage of Eurasian apes, the subfamily has only one extant genus, Pongo (orangutans), which contains three extant species; the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii), the Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) and the Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). All three species are listed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).[1][2][3]

Ponginae
Temporal range: 18.5–0 Ma [citation needed]
Pongo pygmaeus (Bornean orangutan)
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Family: Hominidae
Subfamily: Ponginae
Elliot, 1913
Type genus
Pongo
Genera

†Lufengpithecus
†Meganthropus
†Ankarapithecus
†Sivapithecus
†Gigantopithecus
†Indopithecus
†Khoratpithecus
Pongo

sister: Homininae

Evolutionary history edit

The first pongine genera appear in the Miocene, Sivapithecus and Khoratpithecus,[4][5] six or seven million years before evidence of orangutans was found from Pleistocene southeast Asia and southern China.[6] Ponginae may also include the genera Lufengpithecus, Ankarapithecus, and Gigantopithecus. However, phylogenetic analysis in 2004, which originally found Lufengpithecus and Ankarapithecus to be most closely related to the orangutan, gave different results "under an analytical method that attempted to reduce stratigraphic incongruence",[7] instead placing them on the base of the stem of the African ape-human clade.[4]

Meganthropus was considered by the majority of paleoanthropologists as falling within the variation of Homo erectus. However, a study from 2019 of tooth morphology found Meganthropus a valid genus of non-hominin hominid ape, most closely related to Lufengpithecus[8]

The most well-known fossil genus of Ponginae is Sivapithecus, consisting of several species from 12.5 million to 8.5 million years ago. It differs from orangutans in dentition and postcranial morphology.[7]

Taxonomy edit

Ponginae[9]

References edit

  1. ^ Singleton, Ian; Wich, Serge A.; Nowak, Matthew G.; Usher, Graham; Utami-Atmoko, Sri Suchi (2017). "Pongo abelii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017.3. 2017: e.T121097935A115575085. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T121097935A115575085.en.
  2. ^ Ancrenaz, Mark; Gumal, M.; Marshall, Andrew; Meijaard, Erik; Wich, Serge A.; Hussons, Steve J. (2016). "Pongo pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016.1. 2016: e.T17975A17966347. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T17975A17966347.en.
  3. ^ Nowak, Matthew G.; Rianti, Puji; Wich, Serge A.; Meijaard, Erik; Fredriksson, Gabriella (2017). "Pongo tapanuliensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017.3. 2017: e.T120588639A120588662. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T120588639A120588662.en.
  4. ^ a b Finarelli, J. A.; Clyde, W. C. (2004). (PDF). Paleobiology. 30 (4): 614. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0614:RHPECI>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86034107. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-21. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  5. ^ Chaimanee, Y.; Suteethorn, V.; Jintasakul, P.; Vidthayanon, C.; Marandat, B.; Jaeger, J. J. (2004). (PDF). Nature. 427 (6973): 439–441. Bibcode:2004Natur.427..439C. doi:10.1038/nature02245. PMID 14749830. S2CID 4349664. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-17.
  6. ^ Bacon, A. M.; The Long, V. (2001). "The first discovery of a complete skeleton of a fossil orang-utan in a cave of the Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam". Journal of Human Evolution. 41 (3): 227–241. doi:10.1006/jhev.2001.0496. PMID 11535001.
  7. ^ a b Taylor, C. (2011). "Old men of the woods". Palaeos. Retrieved 2013-04-04.
  8. ^ Zanolli, Clément; Kullmer, Ottmar; Kelley, Jay; Bacon, Anne-Marie; Demeter, Fabrice; Dumoncel, Jean; Fiorenza, Luca; Grine, Frederick E.; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Nguyen, Anh Tuan; Nguyen, Thi Mai Huong (May 2019). "Evidence for increased hominid diversity in the Early to Middle Pleistocene of Indonesia". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (5): 755–764. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0860-z. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30962558. S2CID 102353734.
  9. ^ Haaramo, Mikko (2004-02-04). "Pongidae". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. after Begun, 2002, Chaimanee et al., 2003 and Chaimanee et al., 2004.

January 01, 1970
ponginae, confused, with, pongidae, also, known, asian, hominids, subfamily, family, hominidae, once, diverse, lineage, eurasian, apes, subfamily, only, extant, genus, pongo, orangutans, which, contains, three, extant, species, sumatran, orangutan, pongo, abel. Not to be confused with Pongidae Ponginae p ɒ n ˈ dʒ aɪ n iː also known as the Asian hominids is a subfamily in the family Hominidae Once a diverse lineage of Eurasian apes the subfamily has only one extant genus Pongo orangutans which contains three extant species the Sumatran orangutan Pongo abelii the Tapanuli orangutan Pongo tapanuliensis and the Bornean orangutan Pongo pygmaeus All three species are listed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN 1 2 3 PonginaeTemporal range 18 5 0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N citation needed Pongo pygmaeus Bornean orangutan Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Suborder Haplorhini Infraorder Simiiformes Family Hominidae Subfamily PonginaeElliot 1913 Type genus PongoLacepede 1799 Genera Lufengpithecus Meganthropus Ankarapithecus Sivapithecus Gigantopithecus Indopithecus Khoratpithecus Pongo sister HomininaeEvolutionary history editThe first pongine genera appear in the Miocene Sivapithecus and Khoratpithecus 4 5 six or seven million years before evidence of orangutans was found from Pleistocene southeast Asia and southern China 6 Ponginae may also include the genera Lufengpithecus Ankarapithecus and Gigantopithecus However phylogenetic analysis in 2004 which originally found Lufengpithecus and Ankarapithecus to be most closely related to the orangutan gave different results under an analytical method that attempted to reduce stratigraphic incongruence 7 instead placing them on the base of the stem of the African ape human clade 4 Meganthropus was considered by the majority of paleoanthropologists as falling within the variation of Homo erectus However a study from 2019 of tooth morphology found Meganthropus a valid genus of non hominin hominid ape most closely related to Lufengpithecus 8 The most well known fossil genus of Ponginae is Sivapithecus consisting of several species from 12 5 million to 8 5 million years ago It differs from orangutans in dentition and postcranial morphology 7 Taxonomy edit Ponginae 9 Lufengpithecini Lufengpithecus Lufengpithecus lufengensis Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis Lufengpithecus hudienensis Meganthropus Meganthropus palaeojavanicus Sivapithecini Ankarapithecus failed verification Ankarapithecus meteai Sivapithecus Sivapithecus parvada Sivapithecus sivalensis Sivapithecus indicus Gigantopithecus Gigantopithecus bilaspurensis Gigantopithecus blacki Indopithecus Indopithecus giganteus Pongini Khoratpithecus Khoratpithecus ayeyarwadyensis Khoratpithecus piriyai Khoratpithecus chiangmuanensis Pongo orangutans Pongo hooijeri Pongo weidenreichi Sumatran orangutan Pongo abelii Bornean orangutan Pongo pygmaeus Tapanuli orangutan Pongo tapanuliensisReferences edit Singleton Ian Wich Serge A Nowak Matthew G Usher Graham Utami Atmoko Sri Suchi 2017 Pongo abelii IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 3 2017 e T121097935A115575085 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 3 RLTS T121097935A115575085 en Ancrenaz Mark Gumal M Marshall Andrew Meijaard Erik Wich Serge A Hussons Steve J 2016 Pongo pygmaeus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 1 2016 e T17975A17966347 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 1 RLTS T17975A17966347 en Nowak Matthew G Rianti Puji Wich Serge A Meijaard Erik Fredriksson Gabriella 2017 Pongo tapanuliensis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 3 2017 e T120588639A120588662 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 3 RLTS T120588639A120588662 en a b Finarelli J A Clyde W C 2004 Reassessing hominoid phylogeny Evaluating congruence in the morphological and temporal data PDF Paleobiology 30 4 614 doi 10 1666 0094 8373 2004 030 lt 0614 RHPECI gt 2 0 CO 2 S2CID 86034107 Archived from the original PDF on 2010 07 21 Retrieved 2015 09 03 Chaimanee Y Suteethorn V Jintasakul P Vidthayanon C Marandat B Jaeger J J 2004 A new orang utan relative from the Late Miocene of Thailand PDF Nature 427 6973 439 441 Bibcode 2004Natur 427 439C doi 10 1038 nature02245 PMID 14749830 S2CID 4349664 Archived from the original PDF on 2012 01 17 Bacon A M The Long V 2001 The first discovery of a complete skeleton of a fossil orang utan in a cave of the Hoa Binh Province Vietnam Journal of Human Evolution 41 3 227 241 doi 10 1006 jhev 2001 0496 PMID 11535001 a b Taylor C 2011 Old men of the woods Palaeos Retrieved 2013 04 04 Zanolli Clement Kullmer Ottmar Kelley Jay Bacon Anne Marie Demeter Fabrice Dumoncel Jean Fiorenza Luca Grine Frederick E Hublin Jean Jacques Nguyen Anh Tuan Nguyen Thi Mai Huong May 2019 Evidence for increased hominid diversity in the Early to Middle Pleistocene of Indonesia Nature Ecology amp Evolution 3 5 755 764 doi 10 1038 s41559 019 0860 z ISSN 2397 334X PMID 30962558 S2CID 102353734 Haaramo Mikko 2004 02 04 Pongidae Mikko s Phylogeny Archive after Begun 2002 Chaimanee et al 2003 and Chaimanee et al 2004 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ponginae amp oldid 1217190576, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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