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According to the two 11th-century Lives of Boris and Gleb (ascribed to Nestor the Chronicler and Jacob the Monk), they were younger children of Vladimir the Great, who favored them over his other children. The Primary Chronicle claims that their mother was a Bulgarian woman.[1] Most modern scholars, however, argue that Boris and Gleb had different mothers and were of different ages. Boris, the elder, who was already married and ruled the town of Rostov, was probably regarded as heir apparent to the Kievan throne. Gleb, who was still a minor, ruled the easternmost town of Murom.[2]
Both brothers were murdered during the internecine wars of 1015–1019. The Primary Chronicle blames Sviatopolk the Accursed for plotting their assassinations. Boris learns of his father's death upon his return with the Rus' army to Alta. Informed of Sviatopolk's accession to the throne and urged to replace him, Boris replies: "Be it not for me to raise my hand against my elder brother. Now that my father has passed away, let him take the place of my father in my heart."[2] Despite Boris' acquiescence, Sviatopolk sends Putsha and the boyars of Vyshegorod to execute his brother. Boris and his manservant are stabbed to death while asleep in a tent. The prince is discovered still breathing in a bodybag being transported to Kiev, but the Varangians end his life with the thrust of a sword.[2]
Sent for by Sviatopolk, Gleb believes his father is still alive and rushes to his father's deathbed. On the way, their brother Yaroslav learns of Sviatopolk's treachery and urges Gleb not to meet him. In the middle of praying to his deceased brother and God, Gleb is assassinated by his own cook, Torchin, who cuts his throat with a kitchen knife.[3]
The Life contains many picturesque details of Boris and Gleb's last hours, such as their sister's warning about the murderous plans of Sviatopolk. The narrative is a masterpiece of hagiography that weaves together numerous literary traditions. The factual circumstances of Boris and Gleb's lives and deaths cannot, however, be extrapolated from their hagiography. Perhaps the crucial evidence comes from several unbiased foreign sources, which mention that Boris succeeded his father in Kyiv and was not lurking in Rostov as the Russian Primary Chronicle seems to imply.[citation needed]
The Norse Eymund's saga relates a tale of the Varangian warriors who were hired by Yaroslav I the Wise to kill his brother Burizleif. Some historians[who?] trust the saga more than sources from Rus', claiming that it was Yaroslav and not Sviatopolk who was interested in removing his political rivals and was guilty of his brothers' murder. Others[who?] consider "Burizleif" a misreading of Bolesław, the Polish ruler allied to Sviatopolk.[citation needed]
Veneration
Boris and Gleb received the crown of martyrdom in 1015. The brothers became known as "Strastoterptsy" (Passion-Bearers), since they did not resist evil with violence.[4] Boris and Gleb's relics were housed in the Church of St. Basil in Vyshhorod, later destroyed.[5] Boris and Gleb were glorified (canonized) by the Orthodox church in Rus' in 1071. The Catholic Church canonized the brothers in 1724, during the papacy of Benedict XIII. They were interred at the Vyshhorod Cathedral, which was reconsecrated in their name; many other Ukrainian and Russian churches were later named after them.
In 2011 a monument to Boris and Gleb was erected in Vyshhorod, Ukraine. The authors of the monument are Boris Krylov and Oles Sydoruk.
Gallery
Icon of Saints Boris and Gleb on horseback. Moscow, mid 14th century (Tretyakov Gallery).
Monument to Kiev princes Boris and Gleb in Vyshhorod
Notes
^Войтович, Леонтій (1992). Генеалогія династій Рюриковичів і Гедиміновичів. Kyiv: Юніверс-93. p. 24.
^ abc. Archived from the original on 2008-10-07. Retrieved 2005-01-20.
^Hackel, Sergei, "Two Soldiers of Christ: Boris and Gleb", Cathedral Newsletter, Russian Orthodox Cathedral, London, November 1994
^"Martyrs and Passion-Bearers Boris and Gleb", Orthodox Church in America
^The Earliest Mediaeval Churches of Kiev, Samuel H. Cross, H. V. Morgilevski and K. J. Conant, Speculum, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Oct., 1936), 489.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boris and Gleb.
(in Russian) Critical examination of Boris and Gleb's story
(in English)
Nestor: The Martyrdom of Boris and Gleb
Martyrs and Passion-Bearers Boris and Gleb Orthodox icon and synaxarion for July 24
Translation of the relics of the Holy Passionbearer Boris and Gleb May 2
"The Transfer of the Relics of the Holy Passion-Bearers, Princes of Russia Boris and Gleb, -- in Holy Baptism Roman and David", St. Luke the Evangelist Orthodox Church
January 07, 2023
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian August 2009 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Russian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at ru Boris i Gleb see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ru Boris i Gleb to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Boris and Gleb Old East Slavic Boris i Glѣb Borisŭ i Glebŭ Russian Boris i Gleb Boris i Gleb Ukrainian Boris i Glib Borys i Hlib Christian names Roman and David respectively Old East Slavic Roman Davꙑd Romanŭ Davydŭ were the first saints canonized in Kievan Rus after the Christianization of the country Their feast day is observed on July 24 August 6 SaintsBoris and GlebMedieval icon of SS Boris and Gleb 13 14th century museum Kyiv Art Gallery Passion BearersBornUnknownDiedc 1015 1019Venerated inEastern Orthodox Church Roman Catholic ChurchCanonized1071 by Russian Orthodox ChurchMajor shrineVyshhorodFeastJuly 24 Martyrdom May 3 Translation of Relics AttributesTwo young princes holding swords or spears or the cross of martyrsPatronageRussian Railway TroopsBorisPrince of RostovReign1010 1015PredecessorYaroslav the WiseBorn986Died1015KievBurialChurch of St Basil VyshhorodNamesBoris VladimirovichHouseRiurik DynastyFatherVladimir I of KievMotherAdelaGlebPrince of MuromReign1013 1015Born987Died1015BurialChurch of St Basil VyshhorodNamesGleb VladimirovichHouseRiurik DynastyFatherVladimir I of KievMotherAdela Contents 1 History 2 Veneration 3 Gallery 4 Notes 5 External linksHistory EditAccording to the two 11th century Lives of Boris and Gleb ascribed to Nestor the Chronicler and Jacob the Monk they were younger children of Vladimir the Great who favored them over his other children The Primary Chronicle claims that their mother was a Bulgarian woman 1 Most modern scholars however argue that Boris and Gleb had different mothers and were of different ages Boris the elder who was already married and ruled the town of Rostov was probably regarded as heir apparent to the Kievan throne Gleb who was still a minor ruled the easternmost town of Murom 2 Both brothers were murdered during the internecine wars of 1015 1019 The Primary Chronicle blames Sviatopolk the Accursed for plotting their assassinations Boris learns of his father s death upon his return with the Rus army to Alta Informed of Sviatopolk s accession to the throne and urged to replace him Boris replies Be it not for me to raise my hand against my elder brother Now that my father has passed away let him take the place of my father in my heart 2 Despite Boris acquiescence Sviatopolk sends Putsha and the boyars of Vyshegorod to execute his brother Boris and his manservant are stabbed to death while asleep in a tent The prince is discovered still breathing in a bodybag being transported to Kiev but the Varangians end his life with the thrust of a sword 2 Sent for by Sviatopolk Gleb believes his father is still alive and rushes to his father s deathbed On the way their brother Yaroslav learns of Sviatopolk s treachery and urges Gleb not to meet him In the middle of praying to his deceased brother and God Gleb is assassinated by his own cook Torchin who cuts his throat with a kitchen knife 3 The Life contains many picturesque details of Boris and Gleb s last hours such as their sister s warning about the murderous plans of Sviatopolk The narrative is a masterpiece of hagiography that weaves together numerous literary traditions The factual circumstances of Boris and Gleb s lives and deaths cannot however be extrapolated from their hagiography Perhaps the crucial evidence comes from several unbiased foreign sources which mention that Boris succeeded his father in Kyiv and was not lurking in Rostov as the Russian Primary Chronicle seems to imply citation needed The Norse Eymund s saga relates a tale of the Varangian warriors who were hired by Yaroslav I the Wise to kill his brother Burizleif Some historians who trust the saga more than sources from Rus claiming that it was Yaroslav and not Sviatopolk who was interested in removing his political rivals and was guilty of his brothers murder Others who consider Burizleif a misreading of Boleslaw the Polish ruler allied to Sviatopolk citation needed Veneration EditBoris and Gleb received the crown of martyrdom in 1015 The brothers became known as Strastoterptsy Passion Bearers since they did not resist evil with violence 4 Boris and Gleb s relics were housed in the Church of St Basil in Vyshhorod later destroyed 5 Boris and Gleb were glorified canonized by the Orthodox church in Rus in 1071 The Catholic Church canonized the brothers in 1724 during the papacy of Benedict XIII They were interred at the Vyshhorod Cathedral which was reconsecrated in their name many other Ukrainian and Russian churches were later named after them In 2011 a monument to Boris and Gleb was erected in Vyshhorod Ukraine The authors of the monument are Boris Krylov and Oles Sydoruk Gallery Edit Icon of Saints Boris and Gleb on horseback Moscow mid 14th century Tretyakov Gallery Monument to Kiev princes Boris and Gleb in VyshhorodNotes Edit Vojtovich Leontij 1992 Genealogiya dinastij Ryurikovichiv i Gediminovichiv Kyiv Yunivers 93 p 24 a b c Princes Boris and Gleb Orthodox America Archived from the original on 2008 10 07 Retrieved 2005 01 20 Hackel Sergei Two Soldiers of Christ Boris and Gleb Cathedral Newsletter Russian Orthodox Cathedral London November 1994 Martyrs and Passion Bearers Boris and Gleb Orthodox Church in America The Earliest Mediaeval Churches of Kiev Samuel H Cross H V Morgilevski and K J Conant Speculum Vol 11 No 4 Oct 1936 489 External links Edit Saints portal Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boris and Gleb in Russian Critical examination of Boris and Gleb s story in English Princes Boris and Gleb Proto martyrs and Passion Bearers of Old Russia Nestor The Martyrdom of Boris and Gleb Martyrs and Passion Bearers Boris and Gleb Orthodox icon and synaxarion for July 24 Translation of the relics of the Holy Passionbearer Boris and Gleb May 2 The Transfer of the Relics of the Holy Passion Bearers Princes of Russia Boris and Gleb in Holy Baptism Roman and David St Luke the Evangelist Orthodox Church Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Boris and Gleb amp oldid 1126238410, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
