The need to identify which plant is which has existed for time immemorial. The ability depends to a large extent on what criteria and whose system is used. Determination now relies on modern taxonomy to define the identify of organisms. Taxonomy is the branch of biology which deals with identity, nomenclature and classification. The term was first coined in 1813 by Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle. Carl Linnaeus, who began modern taxonomy, used the term 'systematics' himself.
Determination then requires comparisons of certain characteristics and then assigning a particular specimen to a known taxonomic group, hopefully ultimately arriving at a species or infraspecific name. The characteristics used are usually morphological, such as colours, numbers, shapes and sizes of particular organs. Where possible, this is traditionally done using dichotomous keys. Keys are traditionally found in such works such as floras, field guides or monographs. Botanical or entomological keys have been coded as computer programs. Applications are even available now which use artificial intelligence to identify plants on the basis of photographs. There are not always keys available for certain regions or plant groups, and the person determining the specimen will then have to rely on characteristics in the species description or discovered through comparison of multiple specimens with the type. Using DNA barcoding is a modern method that does not require the determiner to be highly trained. Another similar method uses the alkaloid profiles of specimens to determine the species. The total weight or length of the genome as measured in base-pairs can be used to identify species. Paleontologists must be able to identify their specimens based only on the shapes and sizes of fossilised bones. In forestry, especially in the tropics, identifying trees based on the flowers or leaves high up in the crown can be difficult, a method of identifying tree species in this case is called a 'slash', a shallow machete cut to the trunk to expose the colours of the different layers inside, and show the type of sap. The science of identifying plant species using their pollen is called palynology. Geography can also sometimes help in narrowing down the identity of a specimen. Sometimes the determiner will be unable to identify a specimen clearly, and use such additions as cf. or aff. to convey this.
Reference collections of identified plant specimens are collected into herbaria. Most plant parts are dried, pressed, mounted on herbarium sheets and stored; succulents and some other types of plants are normally kept in alcohol solution. The sheets are standard size of 161⁄2 × 111⁄2 inches or 41.25 × 28.75 cm. The identified plant ideally includes all parts including roots, flowers and fruits, strobili, etc. Especially the flowers are important when trying to identify a specimen.
^"Definition of determination, noun". dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
Further readingedit
Jones, Timothy (2013-09-16). "A visual identification key utilizing both gestalt and analytic approaches to identification of Carices present in North America (Plantae, Cyperaceae)". Biodiversity Data Journal. Pensoft Publishers. 1: e984. doi:10.3897/bdj.1.e984. ISSN 1314-2828. PMC3964697. [1]
John Shaffner's key (1911) in the Ohio Naturalist[2]
External linksedit
Shoot (over 19,000 plants listed)
Visual Interactive Kingdom Plantae to division (Louisiana State University)
Interactive Plant Identifier (University of Wisconsin)
Interactive Plant Identifier (Auburn University) 2015-12-09 at the Wayback Machine
Image-based plant identification system (French Flora, Pl@ntNet project)
Plants for identification on iNaturalist
Animals for identification on iNaturalist
Fungi for identification on iNaturalist
February 15, 2024
determination, biology, biology, determination, process, matching, specimen, organism, known, taxon, example, identifying, plant, term, also, used, cellular, biology, where, means, differentiation, stem, cells, becoming, fixed, various, methods, used, example,. In biology determination is the process of matching a specimen of an organism to a known taxon for example identifying a plant The term is also used in cellular biology where it means the act of the differentiation of stem cells becoming fixed 1 Various methods are used for example single or multi access identification keys Contents 1 Overview 2 Computer assisted identification 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksOverview editSee also History of plant systematics nbsp George Bentham English systematician and botanistThe need to identify which plant is which has existed for time immemorial The ability depends to a large extent on what criteria and whose system is used Determination now relies on modern taxonomy to define the identify of organisms Taxonomy is the branch of biology which deals with identity nomenclature and classification The term was first coined in 1813 by Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle Carl Linnaeus who began modern taxonomy used the term systematics himself Determination then requires comparisons of certain characteristics and then assigning a particular specimen to a known taxonomic group hopefully ultimately arriving at a species or infraspecific name The characteristics used are usually morphological such as colours numbers shapes and sizes of particular organs Where possible this is traditionally done using dichotomous keys Keys are traditionally found in such works such as floras field guides or monographs Botanical or entomological keys have been coded as computer programs Applications are even available now which use artificial intelligence to identify plants on the basis of photographs There are not always keys available for certain regions or plant groups and the person determining the specimen will then have to rely on characteristics in the species description or discovered through comparison of multiple specimens with the type Using DNA barcoding is a modern method that does not require the determiner to be highly trained Another similar method uses the alkaloid profiles of specimens to determine the species The total weight or length of the genome as measured in base pairs can be used to identify species Paleontologists must be able to identify their specimens based only on the shapes and sizes of fossilised bones In forestry especially in the tropics identifying trees based on the flowers or leaves high up in the crown can be difficult a method of identifying tree species in this case is called a slash a shallow machete cut to the trunk to expose the colours of the different layers inside and show the type of sap The science of identifying plant species using their pollen is called palynology Geography can also sometimes help in narrowing down the identity of a specimen Sometimes the determiner will be unable to identify a specimen clearly and use such additions as cf or aff to convey this Reference collections of identified plant specimens are collected into herbaria Most plant parts are dried pressed mounted on herbarium sheets and stored succulents and some other types of plants are normally kept in alcohol solution The sheets are standard size of 161 2 111 2 inches or 41 25 28 75 cm The identified plant ideally includes all parts including roots flowers and fruits strobili etc Especially the flowers are important when trying to identify a specimen Computer assisted identification editAutomated species identification uses artificial intelligence to identify species based on the images of the species Projects like iNaturalist and Pl ntNet relies on crowdsourced data and assists identification through automatic as well as community input See also editAlpha taxonomy Field guide Plant morphology Pollen DNA barcodingReferences edit Definition of determination noun dictionary Merriam Webster Retrieved 15 October 2020 Further reading editJones Timothy 2013 09 16 A visual identification key utilizing both gestalt and analytic approaches to identification of Carices present in North America Plantae Cyperaceae Biodiversity Data Journal Pensoft Publishers 1 e984 doi 10 3897 bdj 1 e984 ISSN 1314 2828 PMC 3964697 1 John Shaffner s key 1911 in the Ohio Naturalist 2 External links editShoot over 19 000 plants listed Visual Interactive Kingdom Plantae to division Louisiana State University Interactive Plant Identifier University of Wisconsin Interactive Plant Identifier Auburn University Archived 2015 12 09 at the Wayback Machine Image based plant identification system French Flora Pl ntNet project Plants for identification on iNaturalist Animals for identification on iNaturalist Fungi for identification on iNaturalist Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Determination biology amp oldid 1200251937, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
