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Placard

April 11, 2024

A placard is a notice installed in a public place, like a small card, sign, or plaque.[1] It can be attached to or hung from a vehicle or building to indicate information about the vehicle operator or contents of a vehicle or building. It can also refer to paperboard signs or notice carried by picketers or demonstrators.

Buildings edit

A placard is posted on buildings to communicate a wide variety of information, such as fire safety policies, emergency shelters.

The International Building Code requires doors in some public and commercial structures, fitted with an internal key lock have a notice "This door to remain unlocked when this space is occupied" in a minimum of 1 inch (25 mm) text be posted beside or above the door.[2] Some state and local building codes modify this text, such as California fire code, which specifies "This door to remain unlocked during business hours".[3]

Temporary placards may be placed on buildings such as warning signs when a structure is being fumigated, or has been condemned by building inspectors or the fire department and is unsafe to enter.

Fallout shelters edit

 
A fallout shelter sign

As part of the civil defense preparations in the event of a nuclear attack, in 1961 United States began establishing fallout shelters in communities across the country. The shelters were symbolized by orange-yellow and black trefoil symbol, designed by Robert W. Blakeley.[4]

In 1962, 1.4 million metal signs and 1 million adhesive stickers were manufactured and distributed across the country at a total cost of $700,500 equivalent to $7,055,861 in 2023.[5] Two standard signs were used widely, a 14 by 20 inches (360 by 510 mm) aluminum sign for posting on the exterior of buildings identifying the building as having a fallout shelter, and a 10 by 14 inches (250 by 360 mm) steel sign, intended for interior use to the shelter's location and mark the actual location of the shelter within the building. [6]

The sign system included 'overlays' that were designed to be added to signs for conveying additional information about the specific shelter and its location.[7]
Exterior sign overlays:

  • Numbers - for Capacity marking
  • Arrows
  • In Basement
  • Refugio - (Spanish speaking areas)
  • Refugio Contra Radiacion - (Spanish speaking areas)
  • Lafiga Mai Pefuatomika - (American Samoa)
  • Aofai E Ofi - (American Samoa)
  • Miles
  • Blocks
  • Numbers for "Miles" & "Blocks"


Interior sign overlays:

  • Starts Here - With arrows
  • Capacity - with numbers
  • Comienzo - with arrows (Spanish speaking areas)
  • Amata Iinei - with arrows (American Samoa)
  • In This Corridor
  • On
  • Floors
  • Numbers for the "Floors"

Alternate languages overlays in Spanish in areas where it was widely spoken and Samoan for use on American Samoa.[7]

Following the ending of funding for fallout shelters in the late 1970s. Following the end of the program there was no organized effort by the federal government reclaim shelter supplies and signage, resulting in most shelters being abandoned in situ until building owners cleared away the shelter's supplies and signage during subsequent renovations or demolition projects.[8] In 2017, New York City announced a formal project to go through all city-owned structures and remove any remaining fallout shelter signage, citing the fact no structure still had a functioning shelter and would not be usable in an emergency. [8]

Firefighting markings edit

Numerous markings have been developed to better aid firefighters and other first responders to warn of hazards from hazardous materials, location of utility shut-offs, fire alarm and sprinkler control panels, construction and condition of the building.

Fire sprinkler systems edit

The International Code Council's International Building Code requires that all fire standpipe and fire sprinkler connections must be visible from the roadway or fire department access in new construction. On existing buildings, where the connection is not visible from these places, it must clearly marked with a red and white sign, with "FDC", short for "Fire Department Connection", in 6 inches (150 mm) letters, with any other lettering or arrows being 2 inches (51 mm) tall.[2] Signs must also state what is fed by the connection. If a connection does not cover an entire building, such a connection feeding fire sprinklers that are only in a new addition, the area covered must be stated on the sign.

If a fire alarm system does not automatically call the fire department, a "When Alarm Sounds - Call Fire Department" sign must be posted at all fire alarm pull station/call points and at any external fire alarm notification appliances.

NFPA 704 edit

Main article: NFPA 704
 
A NFPA 704 symbol for Acetone.

NFPA 704 is a standard developed by the National Fire Protection Association for warning first responders to hazards posed by hazardous materials stored in a building or facility. The signs are intended to be mounted on the exteriors of buildings, storage tanks and storage areas.

The square is divided into four sections, color coded: Red - flammability; blue - health hazard; yellow - reactivity/instability; White - special hazard, such as oxidizers, water reactive or Asphyxiating gas.

The red, yellow and blue sections are labeled on scale of 0 to 4; 0 'minimal hazard' to 4, 'severe hazard'. White (special hazard) is represented by letter codes ("OX","SA", a "W" with a line through it).

NFPA 170 edit

Introduced in 1991, NFPA 710 combined 4 existing standards, 171, 172, 174 and 178 into a single standard NFPA 710 - Fire Safety and Emergency Symbols. The standard contains symbols for use in buildings to locate exits, firefighting equipment and enforce fire safety rules, in addition to symbols for building blueprints, diagrams and firefighting operation maps.[9]

The standard utilizes the ISO's 'running man' symbol for exit signage, similar to international standards, along with the ISO 7010 symbols for Fire alarm call point, fire extinguisher and fire hose reel.[a][9] The standard also provides symbols for marking standpipe connectors and identifying what the standpipe connection supplies water to: fire sprinkler systems, standpipes or both.

The standard also contains symbols for informing for enforcing fire safety rules, such as prohibiting cooking, smoking, hanging of items from fire sprinklers, and use of elevators in evacuations.[9]

Truss/floor construction edit

Changes in building design, towards 'lightweight construction'[b] in the late 20th century has presented new hazards to firefighters. The materials are prone to failure when exposed to flames, resulting in roof and floor collapses, spread of fire due to heat conduction in designs using metal.[10] The placard's design varies from state to state, though numerous designs use triangles. All systems use the basic labeling system: "F" for 'floor', "R" for 'roof' and "RF" for 'floor and roof'. New York's system also includes information on the material trusses are constructed from.[11] The states of Florida,[12] New Jersey,[13] New York,[11] Vermont,[14] and Mississippi;[15] along with the cities of San Francisco, CA,[16] Chesapeake, VA[17] and Acushnet, MA[17] have laws requiring posting of a truss warning placard on structures.

Vacant Building markings edit

On 3 December 1999, six firefighters died fighting a fire inside an abandoned six floor warehouse. The firefighters had entered the structure and became disoriented and unable to escape the maze-like interior before multiple collapses occurred. Following the disaster, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended:

Recommendation #10: Fire departments should identify dangerous vacant buildings by affixing warning placards to entrance doorways or other openings where fire fighters may enter.[18]

— Richard W. Braddee

In 2006, the International Code Council's International Fire Code introduced a marking system to help firefighters identify abandoned, vacant or unsafe structures and hazards posed by them. The system was devised from system used by the New York City Fire Department, recommended by NIOSH in the Worcester report, with modifications to color and sign dimensions.[19][c] The signs are red and white, 24 inches (610 mm) square, mounted on the front and entrances to the structure, with the date it was posted.[20][21]

  • Section 311 - Vacant building placards
  •  
    Structure is in normal condition as of the most recent inspection.
  •  
    Interior firefighting and rescue operations should be conducted with caution, due to structural hazards.
  •  
    Exterior firefighting only, with interior operations only to protect life.

To provide useful information in planning operations, signs can have letter combinations added to identify known hazards.[21][11]

  • R/O - Roof open
  • S/M - Stairs, steps and landings missing
  • F/E - Avoid fire escapes
  • H/F - Holes in floor
  • F/O - Floors open

Vehicles edit

See also: Disabled parking permit

Abnormal transportation edit

Main article: Oversize load
 
A Slovenian truck with Izredni prevoz, Vanredni Prevoz, Convoi exceptionnel[d] placards and red and white striped placards for defining the dimensions of the load.

Vehicles involved in Oversize load transport display markings warning other road users that the vehicle's load may exceed the marked lane's width, unusually long, or tall. The transport vehicle may be forced to travel at unusually low speeds, make unusual maneuvers to avoid overhead hazards or complete turns.[22]

Dangerous goods markings edit

Main article: "Dangerous goods marking"
Class 1 - Explosives Class 2.2 - Non-flammable gas Class 3 - Flammable liquid Class 8 - Corrosives Class 9 - Miscellaneous
UN ADR
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
 
 
 
 

ADR Treaty edit

Further information: UN/ADR treaty dangerous goods markings

Road vehicles carrying dangerous goods in countries that follow the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), are required to display an orange plate on the front and rear of the vehicle.[23]ADR marking display requirements:[24][25]

  • Vans, box trucks and curtain side trucks: blank orange plate, front and rear of vehicle.[e][f]
  • Road vehicles carrying shipping containers: Blank orange plate, front and rear of vehicle and appropriate hazard placard on all sides of the container.
  • Tanker trucks, tank containers:Blank orange plate, front of vehicle; ADR Plate with HIN and UN number and hazard placard on both sides and rear of tank.

United States Department of Transportation edit

Further information: United States dangerous goods markings

In the United States, Hazardous goods are broken into two categories, Table 1 and Table 2. Materials on Table 1 must be placarded in any quantity.[26]

Table 1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Class 1.1 Class 1.2 Class 1.3 Class 2.3 Class 4.3 Class 5.2[g] Class 6.1[h] Class 7 - Category III[i]

Materials on Table 2, which is all other hazardous materials not in Table 1,[j] must display placard if 1,001 pounds (454 kg) or more of the material is loaded into a vehicle. If 1,000 pounds (450 kg) or less of a Table 2 material is loaded onto the vehicle, the placard is optional.[26]

Placards are required on all four sides of any motor vehicles, rail cars, and shipping containers loaded with hazardous materials. It must be attached upright, securely, kept in good condition, not obstructed by ladders, pipes or tarpaulins. It must be located at least 3 inches (76 mm) from other markings that could reduce its effectiveness.[27]

The law also prohibits the display of placards on vehicles that are not loaded with the hazardous material listed on the placard,[k] placards that do not meet design guidelines in § 172.519 General specifications for placards, or displaying advertising and slogans in a design or manner that could be confused for a placard.[l][m]

Other uses edit

In Model United Nations, the paper nameplate of a delegation is referred to as a "placard".

In computer graphical user interfaces, a placard is a rectangular area of a window meant for displaying information to the user.[28][29][30]

In the Habsburg Netherlands (1482–1794) and the Dutch Republic (1581–1795) laws were often known as "Placards" (Dutch: plakkaat) after their form of publication by way of a placard that was nailed to a wall in a public place. An important example is the Dutch declaration of independence of 1581, known in Dutch as Plakkaat van Verlatinghe.

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ ISO numbers: F005, F001, F002, respectably.
  2. ^ Metal gusset plate trusses, wooden "I" beams and I-joists, open web truss, open web steel joist, panelized roofs.
  3. ^ The FDNY system used 12 inches (300 mm) (later 18 inches (460 mm)) squares, painted with reflective yellow/lime-yellow paint.
  4. ^ In order: Slovenian, Bosnian, (Extraordinary Transportation) and French (Exceptional Convoy).
  5. ^ Placards must be displayed on these vehicles prior to going by sea.
  6. ^ Placards must be displayed on the sides and rear of vehicles carrying Class 1 - Explosives or Class 7 - Radioactive materials.
  7. ^ Organic Peroxide, Type B, Liquid or solid form. Temperature controlled.
  8. ^ Material poisonous by inhalation.
  9. ^ Only Category III materials.
  10. ^ 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1, 2.2, 3, Combustible liquids, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 (Excluding those listed on Table 1), 6.1 (Excluding poisonous by inhalation), 6.2, 8, 9, ORM-D/Limited Quantities.
  11. ^ For example: displaying a "Class 3 - Flammable" placard when the vehicle is loaded with Class 1.1 Explosives.
  12. ^ An example of advertising that resembles the design of a placard is the logo for the Burning River Roller Derby.
  13. ^ For example, older placard holders that had a 'blank' placard for when non-hazardous materials were loaded that said 'Drive Safely'.

References edit

  1. ^ "placard". Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  2. ^ a b International Code Council (August 2017). 2018 International building code (First ed.). International Code Council, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60983-735-8.
  3. ^ State of California. . www.dir.ca.gov. State of California. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  4. ^ McFadden, Robert (27 October 2017). . The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 August 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  5. ^ United States Department of Defense (1962). (PDF). civildefensemuseum.com. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  6. ^ United States Department of Defense (November 1977). (PDF). civildefensemuseum.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  7. ^ a b United States Department of Defense (June 1964). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  8. ^ a b Allen, Jonathan (27 December 2017). "New York City To Remove Misleading Nuclear Fallout Shelter Signs". Huffington Post. Reuters. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  9. ^ a b c National Fire Protection Association (2009). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  10. ^ Reed, Craig. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  11. ^ a b c Westbury Fire Department (2014). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  12. ^ Seminole County - Dept. of Public Safety (2009). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  13. ^ State of New Jersey (9 November 2017). "Senate, No. 3490" (PDF). Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  14. ^ State of Vermont (2005). "Fire & Building Safety Code - 2005". p. 6. Retrieved 8 August 2019. Section 10.13.4
  15. ^ State of Mississippi (2017). "§ 45-11-301". Justia. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  16. ^ City of San Francisco (2010). "5.05 Signage of Buildings with Wood or Lightweight Steel Truss, or Composite Wood Joist (TJI) or Roof Construction" (PDF). Retrieved 8 August 2019.[dead link]
  17. ^ a b Gately, Paul (19 February 2007). . SouthCoastToday. Archived from the original on 8 August 2019.
  18. ^ Braddee, Richard (27 September 2000). . NIOSH. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  19. ^ McMillan, Martin. . City of Rochester Fire Department. pp. 21–22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  20. ^ Daley, Michael (18 April 2011). . Firehouse. Archived from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  21. ^ a b State of North Carolina (2012). (PDF). State of North Carolina. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  22. ^ European Commission - Directorate-General for Energy and Transport (2008). . Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  23. ^ United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (1 January 2019). "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road - Volume II" (PDF). pp. 238–254. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  24. ^ Health and Safety Executive. . hse.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  25. ^ Health and Safety Authority. (PDF). www.hsa.ie. pp. 52–53. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  26. ^ a b Code of Federal Regulations (1 October 2011). "49 CFR 172.504 - General placarding requirements" (PDF). govinfo. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  27. ^ Code of Federal Regulations (1 October 2011). "49 CFR 172.516 - Visibility and display of placards" (PDF). govinfo. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  28. ^ "OS X Human Interface Guidelines".
  29. ^ "REALBasic:TDG, Second Edition".
  30. ^ "Design Guidelines - YDN".

External links edit

Commons edit

  •   Media related to Placards at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Media related to Fallout shelter signs at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Media related to NFPA 704 images at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Media related to Disabled parking permit at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Media related to Oversize load signs at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Media related to ADR images at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Media related to US DOT hazmat symbols at Wikimedia Commons

Other links edit

  •   The dictionary definition of placard at Wiktionary
  • US DOT Hazardous Materials Placarding Requirements

April 11, 2024
placard, placard, notice, installed, public, place, like, small, card, sign, plaque, attached, hung, from, vehicle, building, indicate, information, about, vehicle, operator, contents, vehicle, building, also, refer, paperboard, signs, notice, carried, pickete. A placard is a notice installed in a public place like a small card sign or plaque 1 It can be attached to or hung from a vehicle or building to indicate information about the vehicle operator or contents of a vehicle or building It can also refer to paperboard signs or notice carried by picketers or demonstrators Contents 1 Buildings 1 1 Fallout shelters 1 2 Firefighting markings 1 2 1 Fire sprinkler systems 1 2 2 NFPA 704 1 2 3 NFPA 170 1 2 4 Truss floor construction 1 2 5 Vacant Building markings 2 Vehicles 2 1 Abnormal transportation 2 2 Dangerous goods markings 2 3 ADR Treaty 2 4 United States Department of Transportation 3 Other uses 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links 7 1 Commons 7 2 Other linksBuildings editA placard is posted on buildings to communicate a wide variety of information such as fire safety policies emergency shelters The International Building Code requires doors in some public and commercial structures fitted with an internal key lock have a notice This door to remain unlocked when this space is occupied in a minimum of 1 inch 25 mm text be posted beside or above the door 2 Some state and local building codes modify this text such as California fire code which specifies This door to remain unlocked during business hours 3 Temporary placards may be placed on buildings such as warning signs when a structure is being fumigated or has been condemned by building inspectors or the fire department and is unsafe to enter Fallout shelters edit nbsp A fallout shelter signAs part of the civil defense preparations in the event of a nuclear attack in 1961 United States began establishing fallout shelters in communities across the country The shelters were symbolized by orange yellow and black trefoil symbol designed by Robert W Blakeley 4 In 1962 1 4 million metal signs and 1 million adhesive stickers were manufactured and distributed across the country at a total cost of 700 500 equivalent to 7 055 861 in 2023 5 Two standard signs were used widely a 14 by 20 inches 360 by 510 mm aluminum sign for posting on the exterior of buildings identifying the building as having a fallout shelter and a 10 by 14 inches 250 by 360 mm steel sign intended for interior use to the shelter s location and mark the actual location of the shelter within the building 6 The sign system included overlays that were designed to be added to signs for conveying additional information about the specific shelter and its location 7 Exterior sign overlays Numbers for Capacity marking Arrows In Basement Refugio Spanish speaking areas Refugio Contra Radiacion Spanish speaking areas Lafiga Mai Pefuatomika American Samoa Aofai E Ofi American Samoa Miles Blocks Numbers for Miles amp Blocks Interior sign overlays Starts Here With arrows Capacity with numbers Comienzo with arrows Spanish speaking areas Amata Iinei with arrows American Samoa In This Corridor On Floors Numbers for the Floors Alternate languages overlays in Spanish in areas where it was widely spoken and Samoan for use on American Samoa 7 Following the ending of funding for fallout shelters in the late 1970s Following the end of the program there was no organized effort by the federal government reclaim shelter supplies and signage resulting in most shelters being abandoned in situ until building owners cleared away the shelter s supplies and signage during subsequent renovations or demolition projects 8 In 2017 New York City announced a formal project to go through all city owned structures and remove any remaining fallout shelter signage citing the fact no structure still had a functioning shelter and would not be usable in an emergency 8 Firefighting markings edit Numerous markings have been developed to better aid firefighters and other first responders to warn of hazards from hazardous materials location of utility shut offs fire alarm and sprinkler control panels construction and condition of the building Fire sprinkler systems edit The International Code Council s International Building Code requires that all fire standpipe and fire sprinkler connections must be visible from the roadway or fire department access in new construction On existing buildings where the connection is not visible from these places it must clearly marked with a red and white sign with FDC short for Fire Department Connection in 6 inches 150 mm letters with any other lettering or arrows being 2 inches 51 mm tall 2 Signs must also state what is fed by the connection If a connection does not cover an entire building such a connection feeding fire sprinklers that are only in a new addition the area covered must be stated on the sign If a fire alarm system does not automatically call the fire department a When Alarm Sounds Call Fire Department sign must be posted at all fire alarm pull station call points and at any external fire alarm notification appliances NFPA 704 edit Main article NFPA 704 nbsp A NFPA 704 symbol for Acetone NFPA 704 is a standard developed by the National Fire Protection Association for warning first responders to hazards posed by hazardous materials stored in a building or facility The signs are intended to be mounted on the exteriors of buildings storage tanks and storage areas The square is divided into four sections color coded Red flammability blue health hazard yellow reactivity instability White special hazard such as oxidizers water reactive or Asphyxiating gas The red yellow and blue sections are labeled on scale of 0 to 4 0 minimal hazard to 4 severe hazard White special hazard is represented by letter codes OX SA a W with a line through it NFPA 170 edit Introduced in 1991 NFPA 710 combined 4 existing standards 171 172 174 and 178 into a single standard NFPA 710 Fire Safety and Emergency Symbols The standard contains symbols for use in buildings to locate exits firefighting equipment and enforce fire safety rules in addition to symbols for building blueprints diagrams and firefighting operation maps 9 The standard utilizes the ISO s running man symbol for exit signage similar to international standards along with the ISO 7010 symbols for Fire alarm call point fire extinguisher and fire hose reel a 9 The standard also provides symbols for marking standpipe connectors and identifying what the standpipe connection supplies water to fire sprinkler systems standpipes or both The standard also contains symbols for informing for enforcing fire safety rules such as prohibiting cooking smoking hanging of items from fire sprinklers and use of elevators in evacuations 9 Truss floor construction edit Changes in building design towards lightweight construction b in the late 20th century has presented new hazards to firefighters The materials are prone to failure when exposed to flames resulting in roof and floor collapses spread of fire due to heat conduction in designs using metal 10 The placard s design varies from state to state though numerous designs use triangles All systems use the basic labeling system F for floor R for roof and RF for floor and roof New York s system also includes information on the material trusses are constructed from 11 The states of Florida 12 New Jersey 13 New York 11 Vermont 14 and Mississippi 15 along with the cities of San Francisco CA 16 Chesapeake VA 17 and Acushnet MA 17 have laws requiring posting of a truss warning placard on structures Vacant Building markings edit On 3 December 1999 six firefighters died fighting a fire inside an abandoned six floor warehouse The firefighters had entered the structure and became disoriented and unable to escape the maze like interior before multiple collapses occurred Following the disaster the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended Recommendation 10 Fire departments should identify dangerous vacant buildings by affixing warning placards to entrance doorways or other openings where fire fighters may enter 18 Richard W Braddee In 2006 the International Code Council s International Fire Code introduced a marking system to help firefighters identify abandoned vacant or unsafe structures and hazards posed by them The system was devised from system used by the New York City Fire Department recommended by NIOSH in the Worcester report with modifications to color and sign dimensions 19 c The signs are red and white 24 inches 610 mm square mounted on the front and entrances to the structure with the date it was posted 20 21 Section 311 Vacant building placards nbsp Structure is in normal condition as of the most recent inspection nbsp Interior firefighting and rescue operations should be conducted with caution due to structural hazards nbsp Exterior firefighting only with interior operations only to protect life To provide useful information in planning operations signs can have letter combinations added to identify known hazards 21 11 R O Roof open S M Stairs steps and landings missing F E Avoid fire escapes H F Holes in floor F O Floors openVehicles editSee also Disabled parking permit Abnormal transportation edit Main article Oversize load nbsp A Slovenian truck with Izredni prevoz Vanredni Prevoz Convoi exceptionnel d placards and red and white striped placards for defining the dimensions of the load Vehicles involved in Oversize load transport display markings warning other road users that the vehicle s load may exceed the marked lane s width unusually long or tall The transport vehicle may be forced to travel at unusually low speeds make unusual maneuvers to avoid overhead hazards or complete turns 22 Dangerous goods markings edit Main article Dangerous goods marking Class 1 Explosives Class 2 2 Non flammable gas Class 3 Flammable liquid Class 8 Corrosives Class 9 MiscellaneousUN ADR nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp United States nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp ADR Treaty edit Further information UN ADR treaty dangerous goods markings Road vehicles carrying dangerous goods in countries that follow the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road ADR are required to display an orange plate on the front and rear of the vehicle 23 ADR marking display requirements 24 25 Vans box trucks and curtain side trucks blank orange plate front and rear of vehicle e f Road vehicles carrying shipping containers Blank orange plate front and rear of vehicle and appropriate hazard placard on all sides of the container Tanker trucks tank containers Blank orange plate front of vehicle ADR Plate with HIN and UN number and hazard placard on both sides and rear of tank nbsp An ADR plate affixed to the front and rear of road vehicles carrying dangerous goods nbsp An ADR plate that displays Hazard identification number top and UN number bottom United States Department of Transportation edit Further information United States dangerous goods markings In the United States Hazardous goods are broken into two categories Table 1 and Table 2 Materials on Table 1 must be placarded in any quantity 26 Table 1 nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Class 1 1 Class 1 2 Class 1 3 Class 2 3 Class 4 3 Class 5 2 g Class 6 1 h Class 7 Category III i Materials on Table 2 which is all other hazardous materials not in Table 1 j must display placard if 1 001 pounds 454 kg or more of the material is loaded into a vehicle If 1 000 pounds 450 kg or less of a Table 2 material is loaded onto the vehicle the placard is optional 26 Placards are required on all four sides of any motor vehicles rail cars and shipping containers loaded with hazardous materials It must be attached upright securely kept in good condition not obstructed by ladders pipes or tarpaulins It must be located at least 3 inches 76 mm from other markings that could reduce its effectiveness 27 The law also prohibits the display of placards on vehicles that are not loaded with the hazardous material listed on the placard k placards that do not meet design guidelines in 172 519 General specifications for placards or displaying advertising and slogans in a design or manner that could be confused for a placard l m Other uses editIn Model United Nations the paper nameplate of a delegation is referred to as a placard In computer graphical user interfaces a placard is a rectangular area of a window meant for displaying information to the user 28 29 30 In the Habsburg Netherlands 1482 1794 and the Dutch Republic 1581 1795 laws were often known as Placards Dutch plakkaat after their form of publication by way of a placard that was nailed to a wall in a public place An important example is the Dutch declaration of independence of 1581 known in Dutch as Plakkaat van Verlatinghe See also editAffair of the Placards French Affaire des Placards 17 October 1534 anti Catholic incident where posters appeared in public places in five major French cities which brought an end to the conciliatory policies of King Francis I Election placard lawn sign Sign war PosterNotes edit ISO numbers F005 F001 F002 respectably Metal gusset plate trusses wooden I beams and I joists open web truss open web steel joist panelized roofs The FDNY system used 12 inches 300 mm later 18 inches 460 mm squares painted with reflective yellow lime yellow paint In order Slovenian Bosnian Extraordinary Transportation and French Exceptional Convoy Placards must be displayed on these vehicles prior to going by sea Placards must be displayed on the sides and rear of vehicles carrying Class 1 Explosives or Class 7 Radioactive materials Organic Peroxide Type B Liquid or solid form Temperature controlled Material poisonous by inhalation Only Category III materials 1 4 1 5 1 6 2 1 2 2 3 Combustible liquids 4 1 4 2 5 1 5 2 Excluding those listed on Table 1 6 1 Excluding poisonous by inhalation 6 2 8 9 ORM D Limited Quantities For example displaying a Class 3 Flammable placard when the vehicle is loaded with Class 1 1 Explosives An example of advertising that resembles the design of a placard is the logo for the Burning River Roller Derby For example older placard holders that had a blank placard for when non hazardous materials were loaded that said Drive Safely References edit placard Merriam Webster Incorporated Retrieved 1 August 2009 a b International Code Council August 2017 2018 International building code First ed International Code Council Inc ISBN 978 1 60983 735 8 State of California Cal OSHA Title 8 regulations www dir ca gov State of California Archived from the original on 26 April 2019 Retrieved 11 August 2019 McFadden Robert 27 October 2017 Robert Blakeley Who Created a Sign of the Cold War Dies at 95 The New York Times Archived from the original on 5 August 2018 Retrieved 8 August 2019 United States Department of Defense 1962 1962 Annual Report Page 12 PDF civildefensemuseum com p 12 Archived from the original PDF on 13 June 2018 Retrieved 9 August 2019 United States Department of Defense November 1977 Posting Fallout Shelter Signs PDF civildefensemuseum com Archived from the original PDF on 13 June 2018 Retrieved 8 August 2019 a b United States Department of Defense June 1964 Handbook of Instructions for Posting Fallout Shelter Signs PDF Archived from the original PDF on 13 June 2018 Retrieved 9 August 2019 a b Allen Jonathan 27 December 2017 New York City To Remove Misleading Nuclear Fallout Shelter Signs Huffington Post Reuters Retrieved 27 December 2017 a b c National Fire Protection Association 2009 NFPA 710 Standard for Fire Safety and Emergency Symbols 2009 Edition PDF Archived from the original PDF on 10 September 2016 Retrieved 8 August 2019 Reed Craig Roof Operations PDF Archived from the original PDF on 8 August 2019 Retrieved 8 August 2019 a b c Westbury Fire Department 2014 Understanding Building Placards PDF Archived from the original PDF on 8 August 2019 Retrieved 8 August 2019 Seminole County Dept of Public Safety 2009 Florida Light Frame Truss Marking Law PDF Archived from the original PDF on 1 February 2017 Retrieved 8 August 2019 State of New Jersey 9 November 2017 Senate No 3490 PDF Retrieved 8 August 2019 State of Vermont 2005 Fire amp Building Safety Code 2005 p 6 Retrieved 8 August 2019 Section 10 13 4 State of Mississippi 2017 45 11 301 Justia Retrieved 8 August 2019 City of San Francisco 2010 5 05 Signage of Buildings with Wood or Lightweight Steel Truss or Composite Wood Joist TJI or Roof Construction PDF Retrieved 8 August 2019 dead link a b Gately Paul 19 February 2007 Acushnet fire chief says emblems can improve safety SouthCoastToday Archived from the original on 8 August 2019 Braddee Richard 27 September 2000 Six Career Fire Fighters Killed in Cold Storage and Warehouse Building Fire Massachusetts NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Archived from the original on 11 April 2019 Retrieved 8 August 2019 McMillan Martin Implementing a Vacant Building Marking System in Rochester New York City of Rochester Fire Department pp 21 22 Archived from the original PDF on 8 August 2019 Retrieved 8 August 2019 Daley Michael 18 April 2011 Vacant and Abandoned Building Marking Systems Firehouse Archived from the original on 8 August 2019 Retrieved 8 August 2019 a b State of North Carolina 2012 2012 North Carolina Fire Code Section 311 Vacant Premises PDF State of North Carolina Archived from the original PDF on 21 April 2019 Retrieved 8 August 2019 European Commission Directorate General for Energy and Transport 2008 Abnormal Road Transport European Best Practice Guidelines Archived from the original PDF on 8 August 2019 Retrieved 8 August 2019 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 1 January 2019 European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road Volume II PDF pp 238 254 Retrieved 8 August 2019 Health and Safety Executive Consignment Procedures hse gov uk Archived from the original on 7 April 2019 Retrieved 11 August 2019 Health and Safety Authority ADR Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road A Guide For Business PDF www hsa ie pp 52 53 Archived from the original PDF on 29 July 2018 Retrieved 11 August 2019 a b Code of Federal Regulations 1 October 2011 49 CFR 172 504 General placarding requirements PDF govinfo Retrieved 8 August 2019 Code of Federal Regulations 1 October 2011 49 CFR 172 516 Visibility and display of placards PDF govinfo Retrieved 8 August 2019 OS X Human Interface Guidelines REALBasic TDG Second Edition Design Guidelines YDN External links editCommons edit nbsp Media related to Placards at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Media related to Fallout shelter signs at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Media related to NFPA 704 images at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Media related to Disabled parking permit at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Media related to Oversize load signs at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Media related to ADR images at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Media related to US DOT hazmat symbols at Wikimedia Commons Other links edit nbsp The dictionary definition of placard at Wiktionary US DOT Hazardous Materials Placarding Requirements Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Placard 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