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Pinyin table

March 19, 2023

This pinyin table is a complete listing of all Hanyu Pinyin syllables used in Standard Chinese. Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows). An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese.

The below table indicates possible combinations of initials and finals in Standard Chinese, but does not indicate tones, which are equally important to the proper pronunciation of Chinese. Although some initial-final combinations have some syllables using each of the five different tones, most do not. Some utilize only one tone.

Pinyin entries in this page can be compared to syllables using the (unromanized) Zhuyin phonetic system in the Zhuyin table page.

NOTE: many syllables are not pronounced similarly to the English conventions. For a more thorough explanation, please refer to the main Pinyin article.

Finals are grouped into subsets a, i, u and ü.

i, u and ü groupings indicate a combination of those finals with finals from Group a. For example:

Group Special combination
i i + ê = ie i + ou = iu
u u + ei = ui u + en = un
ü ü + ê = ue

Most syllables are a combination of an initial and a final. However, some syllables have no initials. This is shown in Pinyin as follows:

  • if the syllable begins with an i, it is replaced with a y
  • if the syllable begins with an u, it is replaced with a w
  • if the syllable begins with an ü, it is replaced with yu
  • exceptions to the rules above are indicated by yellow in the table's no initial column:

Note that the y, w, and yu replacements above do not change the pronunciation of the final in the final-only syllable. They are used to avoid ambiguity when writing words in pinyin. For example, instead of:

  • "uen" and "ian" forming "uenian", which could be interpreted as:
    • "uen-ian"
    • "uen-i-an" or
    • "u-en-i-an"
  • the syllables are written "wen" and "yan" which results in the more distinct "wenyan"

There are discrepancies between the Bopomofo tables and the pinyin table due to some minor differences between the Mainland standard, putonghua, and the Taiwanese standard, guoyu, in the standard readings of characters. For example, the variant sounds 挼 (ruá; ㄖㄨㄚˊ), 扽 (dèn; ㄉㄣˋ), 忒 (tēi; ㄊㄟ) are not used in guoyu. Likewise the variant sound 孿 (lüán; ㄌㄩㄢˊ) is not recognized in putonghua, or it is folded into (luán; ㄌㄨㄢˊ). A few readings reflect a Standard Chinese approximation of a regionalism that is otherwise never encountered in either putonghua or guoyu. For instance, 覅 (fiào; ㄈㄧㄠˋ) is a borrowing from Shanghainese (and other dialects of Wu Chinese) that are commonly used, and are thus included in most large dictionaries, even though it is usually labeled as a nonstandard regionalism (方, short for 方言 (topolect)), with the local reading viau [vjɔ], which is approximated in Standard Chinese as fiào.

Overall table

Syllables in italics are considered nonstandard, and only exist in the form of regionalisms, neologisms or slang.

Pinyin table Initials Pinyin table
∅ b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s
Group
a
Finals 		i zhi chi shi ri zi ci si i Group
a
Finals
a a ba pa ma fa da ta na la ga
[note 1]		 ka ha zha cha sha za ca sa a
o o
[note 2]		 bo po mo fo lo
[note 3]		 o
e e me
[note 4]		 de te ne le ge ke he zhe che she re ze ce se e
ê ê
[note 5]		 ê
ai ai bai pai mai dai tai nai lai gai kai hai zhai chai shai zai cai sai ai
ei ei
[note 6]		 bei pei mei fei dei
[note 7]		 tei
[note 8]		 nei lei gei kei
[note 9]
[table 1]		 hei zhei
[note 10]		 shei zei cei
[note 11]		 sei
[note 12] [table 1]		 ei
ao ao bao pao mao dao tao nao lao gao kao hao zhao chao shao rao zao cao sao ao
ou ou pou
[note 13]		 mou fou dou tou nou
[note 14]		 lou gou kou hou zhou chou shou rou zou cou sou ou
an an ban pan man fan dan tan nan lan gan kan han zhan chan shan ran zan can san an
en en ben pen men fen den
[note 15]		 nen gen ken hen zhen chen shen ren zen
[note 16]		 cen sen en
ang ang bang pang mang fang dang tang nang lang gang kang hang zhang chang shang rang zang cang sang ang
eng eng
[note 17]		 beng peng meng feng deng teng neng leng geng keng heng zheng cheng sheng reng zeng ceng seng eng
ong dong tong nong long gong kong hong zhong chong rong zong cong song ong
er er er
Group
i
Finals 		i yi bi pi mi di ti ni li ji qi xi i Group
i
Finals
ia ya pia
[note 18]		 dia
[note 19]		 nia
[note 20] [table 1]		 lia
[note 21]		 jia qia xia ia
io yo
[note 22]		 io
ie ye bie pie mie die tie nie lie jie qie xie ie
iai yai
[note 23] [table 1]		 iai
iao yao biao piao miao fiao
[note 24]		 diao tiao niao liao jiao qiao xiao iao
iu you miu
[note 25]		 diu niu liu kiu
[note 26]		 jiu qiu xiu iu
ian yan bian pian mian dian tian nian lian jian qian xian ian
in yin bin pin min nin lin jin qin xin in
iang yang biang
[note 27]		 diang
[note 28] [table 1]		 niang liang jiang qiang xiang iang
ing ying bing ping ming ding ting ning ling jing qing xing ing
iong yong jiong
[note 29]		 qiong xiong iong
Group
u
Finals 		u wu bu pu mu fu du tu nu lu gu ku hu zhu chu shu ru zu cu su u Group
u
Finals
ua wa gua kua hua zhua chua
[note 30]		 shua rua
[note 31]		 ua
uo wo duo tuo nuo luo guo kuo huo zhuo chuo shuo ruo zuo cuo suo uo
uai wai guai kuai huai zhuai
[note 32]		 chuai
[note 33]		 shuai uai
ui wei dui tui gui kui hui zhui chui shui rui zui cui sui ui
uan wan duan tuan nuan luan guan kuan huan zhuan chuan shuan ruan zuan cuan suan uan
un wen dun tun nun
[note 34]		 lun gun kun hun zhun chun shun run zun cun sun un
uang wang duang
[note 35]		 guang kuang huang zhuang chuang shuang uang
ueng weng ueng
Group
ü
Finals 		ü yu nü lü ju qu xu ü Group
ü
Finals
üe yue nüe lüe jue que xue üe
üan yuan lüan
[note 36]
[table 1]		 juan quan xuan üan
ün yun lün
[note 37]		 jun qun xun ün
Pinyin table ∅ b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s Pinyin table
Initials
Color Legend:
"regular" initial or final

Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of:

  • i+Group a final
  • u+Group a final
  • ü+Group a final
 Final of i, u, ü groups is a modified combination of:
  • i+Group a final
  • u+Group a final
  • ü+Group a final
 syllable is direct combination of initial and final (or follows rules for no-initial syllables outlined at the top of the page) syllable is modified combination of initial and final

There are also a very small number of syllables consisting only of consonants: m (呣), n (嗯), ng (嗯), hm (噷), hng (哼).

  1. ^ a b c d e f See http://research.chtsai.org/papers/pinyin-xref.html

Ér (儿/兒) contraction

A few additional syllables are formed in pinyin by combining an initial-final combination from the table above with an additional er-final. Rather than two distinct syllables, the last "er" is contracted with the first combination, and therefore represented as one syllable (analogous to "they're" instead of "they are", and "isn't" instead of "is not" in English). This is called "erhua" in Chinese. Attention: this is not a full table of all existing syllables of erhua. Instead, this is a presentation of pinyin's erhua forming.

initial+final+er combinations
Syllable Result banr pir mianr fur dianr dingr tangr tuir nar nür ger ganr kour kongr hair haor huar huor huir jinr xiar xianr zher shir shuir wanr wor
initial b p m f d d t t n n g g k k h h h h h j x x zh sh sh
final an i ian u ian ing ang ui a ü e an ou ong ai ao ua uo ui in ia ian ui uan uo
er final er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er

See also

Notes

  1. ^ See 嘎.
  2. ^ See 哦.
  3. ^ See 咯.
  4. ^ See 麼.
  5. ^ See 誒.
  6. ^ See 欸.
  7. ^ See 得.
  8. ^ See 忒.
  9. ^ See 剋.
  10. ^ See 這.
  11. ^ See 𤭢.
  12. ^ See 塞 and the neologism C.
  13. ^ See 剖.
  14. ^ See 耨.
  15. ^ See 扽.
  16. ^ See 簪.
  17. ^ See 鞥.
  18. ^ See 啪.
  19. ^ See 嗲.
  20. ^ See 㖸.
  21. ^ See 倆.
  22. ^ See 唷.
  23. ^ See the Taiwan variant pronunciations of e.g. 厓, 崖, 睚, 啀.
  24. ^ See 𧟰.
  25. ^ See 謬.
  26. ^ See the neologism Q.
  27. ^ See 𰻞 and biangbiang noodles.
  28. ^ See 噹.
  29. ^ See 窘.
  30. ^ See 欻.
  31. ^ See 挼.
  32. ^ See 拽.
  33. ^ See 揣.
  34. ^ See 黁.
  35. ^ See the neologism duang.
  36. ^ See the Taiwan variant pronunciations of e.g. 孌, 攣, 孿, 臠, 癵.
  37. ^ See the Beijing variant pronunciation of 淋.

External links

  • Standard Mandarin Pinyin Table The complete listing of all Pinyin syllables used in Standard Chinese, along with native speaker pronunciation for each syllable.
  • Pinyin table Pinyin table, syllables are pronounced in all four tones.
  • Pinyin Chart for Web, every available tones in the Chinese language included.
  • Pinyin Chart for iPad Pinyin Chart app for iPad, every available tone in the Chinese language included.
  • Pinyin Chart for iPhone Pinyin Chart app for iPhone, every available tones in the Chinese language included.
  • Pinyin Table for Android Pinyin Table for Android, every available tones in the Chinese language included.

March 19, 2023
pinyin, table, this, pinyin, table, complete, listing, hanyu, pinyin, syllables, used, standard, chinese, each, syllable, cell, composed, initial, columns, final, rows, empty, cell, indicates, that, corresponding, syllable, does, exist, standard, chinese, belo. This pinyin table is a complete listing of all Hanyu Pinyin syllables used in Standard Chinese Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial columns and a final rows An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese The below table indicates possible combinations of initials and finals in Standard Chinese but does not indicate tones which are equally important to the proper pronunciation of Chinese Although some initial final combinations have some syllables using each of the five different tones most do not Some utilize only one tone Pinyin entries in this page can be compared to syllables using the unromanized Zhuyin phonetic system in the Zhuyin table page NOTE many syllables are not pronounced similarly to the English conventions For a more thorough explanation please refer to the main Pinyin article Finals are grouped into subsets a i u and u i u and u groupings indicate a combination of those finals with finals from Group a For example Group Special combinationi i e ie i ou iuu u ei ui u en unu u e ueMost syllables are a combination of an initial and a final However some syllables have no initials This is shown in Pinyin as follows if the syllable begins with an i it is replaced with a y if the syllable begins with an u it is replaced with a w if the syllable begins with an u it is replaced with yu exceptions to the rules above are indicated by yellow in the table s no initial column Note that the y w and yu replacements above do not change the pronunciation of the final in the final only syllable They are used to avoid ambiguity when writing words in pinyin For example instead of uen and ian forming uenian which could be interpreted as uen ian uen i an or u en i an the syllables are written wen and yan which results in the more distinct wenyan There are discrepancies between the Bopomofo tables and the pinyin table due to some minor differences between the Mainland standard putonghua and the Taiwanese standard guoyu in the standard readings of characters For example the variant sounds 挼 rua ㄖㄨㄚˊ 扽 den ㄉㄣˋ 忒 tei ㄊㄟ are not used in guoyu Likewise the variant sound 孿 luan ㄌㄩㄢˊ is not recognized in putonghua or it is folded into luan ㄌㄨㄢˊ A few readings reflect a Standard Chinese approximation of a regionalism that is otherwise never encountered in either putonghua or guoyu For instance 覅 fiao ㄈㄧㄠˋ is a borrowing from Shanghainese and other dialects of Wu Chinese that are commonly used and are thus included in most large dictionaries even though it is usually labeled as a nonstandard regionalism 方 short for 方言 topolect with the local reading viau vjɔ which is approximated in Standard Chinese as fiao Contents 1 Overall table 2 Er 儿 兒 contraction 3 See also 4 Notes 5 External linksOverall table EditSyllables in italics are considered nonstandard and only exist in the form of regionalisms neologisms or slang Pinyin table Initials Pinyin table b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c sGroupaFinals i zhi chi shi ri zi ci si i GroupaFinalsa a ba pa ma fa da ta na la ga note 1 ka ha zha cha sha za ca sa ao o note 2 bo po mo fo lo note 3 oe e me note 4 de te ne le ge ke he zhe che she re ze ce se ee e note 5 eai ai bai pai mai dai tai nai lai gai kai hai zhai chai shai zai cai sai aiei ei note 6 bei pei mei fei dei note 7 tei note 8 nei lei gei kei note 9 table 1 hei zhei note 10 shei zei cei note 11 sei note 12 table 1 eiao ao bao pao mao dao tao nao lao gao kao hao zhao chao shao rao zao cao sao aoou ou pou note 13 mou fou dou tou nou note 14 lou gou kou hou zhou chou shou rou zou cou sou ouan an ban pan man fan dan tan nan lan gan kan han zhan chan shan ran zan can san anen en ben pen men fen den note 15 nen gen ken hen zhen chen shen ren zen note 16 cen sen enang ang bang pang mang fang dang tang nang lang gang kang hang zhang chang shang rang zang cang sang angeng eng note 17 beng peng meng feng deng teng neng leng geng keng heng zheng cheng sheng reng zeng ceng seng engong dong tong nong long gong kong hong zhong chong rong zong cong song onger er erGroupiFinals i yi bi pi mi di ti ni li ji qi xi i GroupiFinalsia ya pia note 18 dia note 19 nia note 20 table 1 lia note 21 jia qia xia iaio yo note 22 ioie ye bie pie mie die tie nie lie jie qie xie ieiai yai note 23 table 1 iaiiao yao biao piao miao fiao note 24 diao tiao niao liao jiao qiao xiao iaoiu you miu note 25 diu niu liu kiu note 26 jiu qiu xiu iuian yan bian pian mian dian tian nian lian jian qian xian ianin yin bin pin min nin lin jin qin xin iniang yang biang note 27 diang note 28 table 1 niang liang jiang qiang xiang ianging ying bing ping ming ding ting ning ling jing qing xing ingiong yong jiong note 29 qiong xiong iongGroupuFinals u wu bu pu mu fu du tu nu lu gu ku hu zhu chu shu ru zu cu su u GroupuFinalsua wa gua kua hua zhua chua note 30 shua rua note 31 uauo wo duo tuo nuo luo guo kuo huo zhuo chuo shuo ruo zuo cuo suo uouai wai guai kuai huai zhuai note 32 chuai note 33 shuai uaiui wei dui tui gui kui hui zhui chui shui rui zui cui sui uiuan wan duan tuan nuan luan guan kuan huan zhuan chuan shuan ruan zuan cuan suan uanun wen dun tun nun note 34 lun gun kun hun zhun chun shun run zun cun sun unuang wang duang note 35 guang kuang huang zhuang chuang shuang uangueng weng uengGroupuFinals u yu nu lu ju qu xu u GroupuFinalsue yue nue lue jue que xue ueuan yuan luan note 36 table 1 juan quan xuan uanun yun lun note 37 jun qun xun unPinyin table b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s Pinyin tableInitialsColor Legend dd regular initial or final Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of i Group a final u Group a final u Group a final Final of i u u groups is a modified combination of i Group a final u Group a final u Group a final syllable is direct combination of initial and final or follows rules for no initial syllables outlined at the top of the page syllable is modified combination of initial and final dd There are also a very small number of syllables consisting only of consonants m 呣 n 嗯 ng 嗯 hm 噷 hng 哼 a b c d e f See http research chtsai org papers pinyin xref htmlEr 儿 兒 contraction EditA few additional syllables are formed in pinyin by combining an initial final combination from the table above with an additional er final Rather than two distinct syllables the last er is contracted with the first combination and therefore represented as one syllable analogous to they re instead of they are and isn t instead of is not in English This is called erhua in Chinese Attention this is not a full table of all existing syllables of erhua Instead this is a presentation of pinyin s erhua forming initial final er combinations Syllable Result banr pir mianr fur dianr dingr tangr tuir nar nur ger ganr kour kongr hair haor huar huor huir jinr xiar xianr zher shir shuir wanr worinitial b p m f d d t t n n g g k k h h h h h j x x zh sh shfinal an i ian u ian ing ang ui a u e an ou ong ai ao ua uo ui in ia ian ui uan uoer final er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er er erSee also EditWade Giles table Palladius table Zhuyin table Cyrillization of Chinese Comparison of Chinese transcription systemsNotes Edit See 嘎 See 哦 See 咯 See 麼 See 誒 See 欸 See 得 See 忒 See 剋 See 這 See 𤭢 See 塞 and the neologism C See 剖 See 耨 See 扽 See 簪 See 鞥 See 啪 See 嗲 See 㖸 See 倆 See 唷 See the Taiwan variant pronunciations of e g 厓 崖 睚 啀 See 𧟰 See 謬 See the neologism Q See 𰻞 and biangbiang noodles See 噹 See 窘 See 欻 See 挼 See 拽 See 揣 See 黁 See the neologism duang See the Taiwan variant pronunciations of e g 孌 攣 孿 臠 癵 See the Beijing variant pronunciation of 淋 External links EditStandard Mandarin Pinyin Table The complete listing of all Pinyin syllables used in Standard Chinese along with native speaker pronunciation for each syllable Pinyin table Pinyin table syllables are pronounced in all four tones Pinyin Chart for Web Pinyin Chart for Web every available tones in the Chinese language included Pinyin Chart for iPad Pinyin Chart app for iPad every available tone in the Chinese language included Pinyin Chart for iPhone Pinyin Chart app for iPhone every available tones in the Chinese language included Pinyin Table for Android Pinyin Table for Android every available tones in the Chinese language included Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pinyin table amp oldid 1133564514, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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