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Ballade (classical music)

April 01, 2023

Not to be confused with Ballade (forme fixe), a medieval poetic and musical form; for other uses, see Ballad (disambiguation).

A ballade (from French ballade, French pronunciation: ​[baˈlad], and German Ballade, German pronunciation: [baˈlaːdə], both being words for "ballad"), in classical music since the late 18th century, refers to a setting of a literary ballad, a narrative poem, in the musical tradition of the Lied, or to a one-movement instrumental piece with lyrical and dramatic narrative qualities reminiscent of such a song setting, especially a piano ballade.

In 19th century romantic music, a piano ballad (most often spelled ballade) is a genre of solo piano pieces[1][2] written in a balletic narrative style, often with lyrical elements interspersed. This type of work made its first appearance with Chopin's Ballade No. 1 in G minor, Op. 23 of 1831–35, closely followed by the ballad included in Clara Schumann's Soirées musicales Op. 6 published in the same year.

Romantic ballades

In late 18th century German literature, the term ballade was used to describe folklike narrative poetry (following Johann Gottfried Herder), some of which was set to music by composers such as Johann Friedrich Reichardt, Carl Friedrich Zelter, and Johann Rudolf Zumsteeg. In the nineteenth century, Robert Schumann and Carl Loewe also composed ballades.

Form

Ballades have often been characterized as "narrative" in style, "[musical] parts [that] succeed one another in a determined order... their succession is governed by the relationships of causing and resulting by necessity or probability."[3]

The ballade of this time varied. In Chopin, for example, the common element throughout his ballads was the metre, commonly 6
8 time. Brahms's ballades often relied on a three-part song form.[4]

Ballades sometimes alluded to their literary predecessors. Some had obvious or supposed literary associations. For example, the four ballads of Chopin were supposedly inspired by the poetry of Adam Mickiewicz, a friend. However, no such evidence directly from the composer exists. There was, in fact, no concrete association to literature until Brahms debuted his four ballads (Op. 10), which bear the title "After the Scottish ballad 'Edward' ".[4] However, that claim does not acknowledge the fact that in 1841, 13 years earlier than Brahms, Robert Schumann acknowledged in the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik (pp. 141–42) that Chopin told him that Chopin was inspired by poems of Mickiewicz.

Piano ballades have been written since the 19th century; several have been composed in the 20th century (see below).

Collaborative piano ballades

The piano has also been used in works featuring other instruments, as well as voice. For example, Robert Schumann, a romantic composer and husband of Clara Schumann, wrote a set of two songs, Balladen, Op. 122 (1852–53) which were written for piano and voice. Claude Debussy, a later composer, also wrote for piano and voice with his Trois ballades de François Villon (L. 119, 1910).

Works for piano and orchestra also bearing the title "ballade" have been written. These include Fauré's Ballade, Op. 19, which was written in 1881, and Charles Koechlin's Ballade for piano and orchestra, Op. 50, written between 1911–1919. This work also exists as a solo work for piano.

Instrumental ballades

In the 19th century, the title was given by Frédéric Chopin to four important, large-scale piano pieces, the Ballades Nos. 1 to 4, Opp. 23, 38, 47, 52, the first significant application of the term to instrumental music. A number of other composers subsequently used the title for piano pieces, including Johannes Brahms (the third of his Klavierstücke, Op. 118, and the set of four Ballades, Op. 10), Edvard Grieg (Ballade in the Form of Variations, Op. 24, a set of variations), Claude Debussy, Friedrich Baumfelder (for example his Two Ballades, Op. 47, and No. 2 from his Op. 285), Franz Liszt (who wrote two) and Gabriel Fauré (Op. 19, later arranged for piano and orchestra). Ballades for instruments other than the piano have also been written. 20th-century examples of the form include the three ballades of Manolis Kalomiris, the six ballades of Frank Martin (composed for instruments such as the cello, viola, flute, and saxophone), and Einojuhani Rautavaara's Ballade for Harp and Strings. Henry Cowell wrote a ballad for string orchestra. There are also ballads for orchestra by Grace Williams, Gottfried von Einem, Alexander Glazunov, and Kurt Atterberg, and for solo instruments and orchestra: piano: Ture Rangstrom, Germaine Tailleferre, Darius Milhaud, Ludomir Rozycki, and Norman Dello Joio; cello: Heino Eller, Reinhold Gliere, and Frederic d'Erlanger; Julius Rontgen (violin), Benjamin Britten (two pianos), Hermann Haller (horn), and Hendrik Andriessen (oboe); as well as ballads for various other combinations of instruments and voices by Gyorgy Ligeti, Eric Ewazen, Spike Milligan and Larry Stephens, Sergei Prokofiev, Ottorino Respighi, and Kurt Weill.

Examples of piano ballades

References

  1. ^ Music Research Forum. University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music. 15–16: 85. 2000 https://books.google.com/books?id=k2MJAQAAMAAJ. Retrieved 1 September 2019. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)[full citation needed]
  2. ^ Jim Samson, "Chopin and Genre", Music Analysis 8, no. 3 (October 1989): 213–231. Reference on 216–17.
  3. ^ Berger, Karol, "The Form of Chopin's Ballade, Op. 23". 19th-Century Music, Vol. 20, No. 1 (1996). p. 46
  4. ^ a b Brown, Maurice J. E. "Ballade (ii)", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 2nd ed. 2001.

External links

  • Analysis of Chopin's four ballades at Chopin: the poet of the piano

April 01, 2023
ballade, classical, music, confused, with, ballade, forme, fixe, medieval, poetic, musical, form, other, uses, ballad, disambiguation, ballade, from, french, ballade, french, pronunciation, baˈlad, german, ballade, german, pronunciation, baˈlaːdə, both, being,. Not to be confused with Ballade forme fixe a medieval poetic and musical form for other uses see Ballad disambiguation A ballade from French ballade French pronunciation baˈlad and German Ballade German pronunciation baˈlaːde both being words for ballad in classical music since the late 18th century refers to a setting of a literary ballad a narrative poem in the musical tradition of the Lied or to a one movement instrumental piece with lyrical and dramatic narrative qualities reminiscent of such a song setting especially a piano ballade In 19th century romantic music a piano ballad most often spelled ballade is a genre of solo piano pieces 1 2 written in a balletic narrative style often with lyrical elements interspersed This type of work made its first appearance with Chopin s Ballade No 1 in G minor Op 23 of 1831 35 closely followed by the ballad included in Clara Schumann s Soirees musicales Op 6 published in the same year Contents 1 Romantic ballades 2 Form 3 Collaborative piano ballades 4 Instrumental ballades 5 Examples of piano ballades 6 References 7 External linksRomantic ballades EditIn late 18th century German literature the term ballade was used to describe folklike narrative poetry following Johann Gottfried Herder some of which was set to music by composers such as Johann Friedrich Reichardt Carl Friedrich Zelter and Johann Rudolf Zumsteeg In the nineteenth century Robert Schumann and Carl Loewe also composed ballades Form EditBallades have often been characterized as narrative in style musical parts that succeed one another in a determined order their succession is governed by the relationships of causing and resulting by necessity or probability 3 The ballade of this time varied In Chopin for example the common element throughout his ballads was the metre commonly 68 time Brahms s ballades often relied on a three part song form 4 Ballades sometimes alluded to their literary predecessors Some had obvious or supposed literary associations For example the four ballads of Chopin were supposedly inspired by the poetry of Adam Mickiewicz a friend However no such evidence directly from the composer exists There was in fact no concrete association to literature until Brahms debuted his four ballads Op 10 which bear the title After the Scottish ballad Edward 4 However that claim does not acknowledge the fact that in 1841 13 years earlier than Brahms Robert Schumann acknowledged in the Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik pp 141 42 that Chopin told him that Chopin was inspired by poems of Mickiewicz Piano ballades have been written since the 19th century several have been composed in the 20th century see below Collaborative piano ballades EditThe piano has also been used in works featuring other instruments as well as voice For example Robert Schumann a romantic composer and husband of Clara Schumann wrote a set of two songs Balladen Op 122 1852 53 which were written for piano and voice Claude Debussy a later composer also wrote for piano and voice with his Trois ballades de Francois Villon L 119 1910 Works for piano and orchestra also bearing the title ballade have been written These include Faure s Ballade Op 19 which was written in 1881 and Charles Koechlin s Ballade for piano and orchestra Op 50 written between 1911 1919 This work also exists as a solo work for piano Instrumental ballades EditIn the 19th century the title was given by Frederic Chopin to four important large scale piano pieces the Ballades Nos 1 to 4 Opp 23 38 47 52 the first significant application of the term to instrumental music A number of other composers subsequently used the title for piano pieces including Johannes Brahms the third of his Klavierstucke Op 118 and the set of four Ballades Op 10 Edvard Grieg Ballade in the Form of Variations Op 24 a set of variations Claude Debussy Friedrich Baumfelder for example his Two Ballades Op 47 and No 2 from his Op 285 Franz Liszt who wrote two and Gabriel Faure Op 19 later arranged for piano and orchestra Ballades for instruments other than the piano have also been written 20th century examples of the form include the three ballades of Manolis Kalomiris the six ballades of Frank Martin composed for instruments such as the cello viola flute and saxophone and Einojuhani Rautavaara s Ballade for Harp and Strings Henry Cowell wrote a ballad for string orchestra There are also ballads for orchestra by Grace Williams Gottfried von Einem Alexander Glazunov and Kurt Atterberg and for solo instruments and orchestra piano Ture Rangstrom Germaine Tailleferre Darius Milhaud Ludomir Rozycki and Norman Dello Joio cello Heino Eller Reinhold Gliere and Frederic d Erlanger Julius Rontgen violin Benjamin Britten two pianos Hermann Haller horn and Hendrik Andriessen oboe as well as ballads for various other combinations of instruments and voices by Gyorgy Ligeti Eric Ewazen Spike Milligan and Larry Stephens Sergei Prokofiev Ottorino Respighi and Kurt Weill Examples of piano ballades EditFrederic Chopin Ballade No 1 in G minor Op 23 1831 1835 Ballade No 2 in F major Op 38 1836 1839 Ballade No 3 in A flat major Op 47 1840 1841 Ballade No 4 in F minor Op 52 1842 Clara Schumann one of the 6 Soirees musicale Ballade in D minor 1836 Cesar Franck Ballade Op 9 1844 Franz Liszt Ballade in D flat major 1845 48 Ballade in B minor 1853 Johannes Brahms Ballades Op 10 1854 consists of four ballades Edvard Grieg Ballade in the Form of Variations on a Norwegian Folk Song Op 24 1875 76 Gabriel Faure Ballade Op 19 1881 Claude Debussy Ballade 1891 revised 1903 Amy Beach Ballad Op 6 1894 George Enescu Ballade 1894 Manuel M Ponce Balada Mexicana 1915 Charles Villiers Stanford Ballade for piano in F major Op 148 2 1917 Charles Villiers Stanford Ballade for piano in G minor Op 170 1919 Alan Rawsthorne Ballade in G sharp minor 1929 John Ireland Ballad aka Ballade 1929 John Ireland Ballade of London Nights 1930 Alan Rawsthorne Ballade 1967 Norman Demuth Ballade triste 1941 Alexandre Tansman Three Ballads for piano 1942 Humphrey Searle Ballade for piano Op 10 1947 William Wordsworth composer Ballade for piano Op 41 1949 Samuel Barber Ballade for piano Op 46 1977 Henri Pousseur Ballade berlinoise for piano 1977 George Perle Ballade 1981 written for Richard Goode David Del Tredici Ballad in Yellow 1997 William Bolcom Ballade written for Ursula Oppens premiered January 21 2008References Edit Music Research Forum University of Cincinnati College Conservatory of Music 15 16 85 2000 https books google com books id k2MJAQAAMAAJ Retrieved 1 September 2019 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Missing or empty title help full citation needed Jim Samson Chopin and Genre Music Analysis 8 no 3 October 1989 213 231 Reference on 216 17 Berger Karol The Form of Chopin s Ballade Op 23 19th Century Music Vol 20 No 1 1996 p 46 a b Brown Maurice J E Ballade ii The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 2nd ed 2001 External links EditAnalysis of Chopin s four ballades at Chopin the poet of the piano Portal Classical music Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ballade classical music amp oldid 1114239991, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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