Mark Taimanov
Mark Evgenievich Taimanov (Russian: Марк Евгеньевич Тайманов; 7 February 1926 – 28 November 2016) was one of the leading Soviet and Russian chess players, among the world's top 20 players from 1946 to 1971. A prolific chess author, Taimanov was awarded the title of Grandmaster in 1952 and in 1956 won the USSR Chess Championship.[1] He was a World Championship Candidate in 1953 and 1971, and several opening variations are named after him. Taimanov was also a world-class concert pianist.[2]
| Mark Taimanov | |
|---|---|
Taimanov in 1996 | |
| Full name | Mark Evgenievich Taimanov |
| Country | Soviet Union → Russia |
| Born | 7 February 1926 Kharkiv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union |
| Died | 28 November 2016 (aged 90) Saint Petersburg, Russia |
| Title | Grandmaster (1952) |
| Peak rating | 2600 (July 1971) |
Early life
Taimanov was born in Kharkiv, where his parents studied at the time. They moved to Leningrad when he was six months old.[3] His father Evgeny Zakharovich Taimanov was Jewish;[4] his family escaped to Kharkiv from Smolensk during World War I. Evgeny was a student at the Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute and later made a career as a head engineer at the Kirov Plant and the Hydraulic Plant, but left it to work as an engineer at the Leningrad Conservatory and various Leningrad theaters after his brother and his wife's relatives were imprisoned in 1937.[5]
Taimanov's mother Serafima Ivanovna Ilyina came from an Orthodox Russian family; she studied at the Kharkiv National Kotlyarevsky University of Arts.[6][7][8][9] As a piano teacher she later introduced her son to music. Mark was the eldest of three children. When he was ten, he performed as a young violinist in the Soviet children's film Beethoven Concerto that was released in 1936, to practice for his role Taimanov studied the violin for a year, many years later when on tour, Isaac Stern met Taimanov, and complimented on his violin playing in the movie saying that all the young actors "didn't even know how to hold the violin properly. Only once I saw a violinist who did it, in the film Beethoven Concert".[10][11] During the Great Patriotic War he and his father evacuated to Tashkent shortly before the Siege of Leningrad started; his mother along with his two siblings decided to stay in the city and had to survive the siege up till their evacuation in March 1942.[6]
Chess career
He was awarded the International Master title in 1950, and the International Grandmaster title in 1952 by FIDE. He played in the Candidates Tournament in Zurich in 1953, where he tied for eighth place. He was regularly in the world's top 20 players for over 25 years.[12]
Soviet team play
He represented Leningrad in internal Soviet regional team competitions, scoring (+36−24=56) in 116 games, across 15 events, between 1948 and 1983.[13] He represented the sports society "Burevestnik" (Students) in internal Soviet club team competitions.
Soviet championships
He played in 23 USSR Chess Championships (a record equalled by Efim Geller), tying for first place twice. In 1952 he lost the playoff match to Mikhail Botvinnik, who was World Champion at the time. In 1956, after finishing equal with Yuri Averbakh and Boris Spassky in the tournament proper, he won a match-tournament ahead of them, for the title.[14]
Loss to Fischer
Taimanov lost to Bobby Fischer in the 1971 Candidates quarterfinal by the unprecedented score of 6–0. About this match, Taimanov later recalled that Fischer "was an incredibly tough defender" and that "the third game proved to be the turning point of the match".[15] After his loss to Fischer, the Soviet government was embarrassed, and, as Taimanov later put it in a 2002 interview, found it "unthinkable" that he could have lost the match so badly to an American without a "political explanation".[15] Soviet officials took away Taimanov's salary and no longer allowed him to travel overseas. The official reason given for punishing Taimanov was that he had brought a book by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn into the country, but that explanation was merely a bureaucratic pretext. The officials later "forgave" Taimanov, and lifted the sanctions against him. Fischer's overwhelming match wins later in 1971, first by 6–0 against Bent Larsen, then by 6½–2½ against Tigran Petrosian, may have helped contribute to their change of mind. Taimanov considered this match "the culminating point" of his chess career and later wrote a book about the match, titled How I Became Fischer's Victim.[15]
Other tournaments
In 2001 he came second, a half point behind the winner Jacob Murey, at the first European Senior Chess Championship in Saint-Vincent.[16]
International teams
Taimanov represented the USSR in international team play with enormous success. At the 1956 Chess Olympiad in Moscow, as first reserve he scored (+6−0=5), winning team gold and board bronze medals. This was his only Olympiad appearance.[17]
Taimanov represented the USSR four times in the European Team Chess Championship. At Vienna 1957, he played board seven, scored (+2−0=3), winning team and board gold medals. At Oberhausen 1961, he played board eight, scored (+6−0=3), and won team and board gold medals. At Hamburg 1965, he played board seven, scored (+3−1=4), and won team and board gold medals. At Kapfenberg 1970, he played board six, scored (+4−0=2), and won team and board gold medals.[18]
In the inaugural Russia (USSR) vs Rest of the World team match, Belgrade 1970, he played board seven, and scored (+2−1=1) against Wolfgang Uhlmann.
Chess legacy
Taimanov was one of the few players to have beaten six world champions (Botvinnik, Vasily Smyslov, Mikhail Tal, Tigran Petrosian, Boris Spassky, and Anatoly Karpov). Opening variations are named after Taimanov in the Sicilian Defence, Modern Benoni and Nimzo-Indian Defence. He wrote books on two of his named variations, as well as an autobiographical best games collection. Taimanov's favorite chess players were Alexander Alekhine, Mikhail Tal, and Garry Kasparov.[15]
Major chess writings
Note that several of Taimanov's books are available in Russian, German, and English.
- Slawisch bis Reti-Eroffnung, by Mark Taimanov, general editor Pavel Kondratiev, German language, Sportverlag, Berlin, 1976
- Damengambit bis Hollandisch, by Mark Taimanov, general editor Yakov Neishtadt, German language, Sportverlag, Berlin, 1980
- Modernes Benoni bis Wolga-Gambit, by Mark Taimanov, general editor Eduard Gufeld, German language, Sportverlag, Berlin, 1982
- Hollandisch bis Bird-Eroffnung, by Mark Taimanov, general editor Pavel Kondratiev, German language, Sportverlag, Berlin, 1983
- Sicilian: Paulsen, by Mark Taimanov, English language, Batsford, London, 1983
- Koningsindisch bis Altindisch, by Mark Taimanov, general editor Eduard Gufeld, German language, Sportverlag, Berlin, 1984
- Zasčita Nimzovica, by Mark Taimanov, Russian language, 1985
- Englisch: Klassisch bis seltene Systeme 12. Koningsindisch: Samisch-Systeme bis Vierbauernvariante, by Mark Taimanov, general editor Eduard Gufeld, German language, Sportverlag, Berlin, 1985
- Damenindisch bis Katalanisch, by Mark Taimanov, general editor Eduard Gufeld, German language, Sportverlag, Berlin, 1985
- The World Chess Championship, Karpov—Kasparov: Moscow 1985, by Yuri Averbakh and Mark Taimanov, English language, 1986
- The Sicilian Defence: Taimanov System, by Mark Taimanov, English language, Batsford, London, 1989, ISBN 0713456167
- Winning with the Sicilian, by Mark Taimanov, English language, Batsford, London, 1991
- Ja byl žertvoj Fisera (How I Became Fischer's Victim), by Mark Taimanov, Russian language, 1993. English translation, Quality Chess, Glasgow, 2021, ISBN 978-1-78483-149-3.
- Taimanov's Selected Games, by Mark Taimanov, English language, Batsford, London, 1996
- The Soviet Championships, by Bernard Cafferty and Mark Taimanov, Batsford, London, English language, 1998 (softcover reprint 2016, Everyman, London, ISBN 978-1781943380)
- Šachmatnaja škola Marka Taimanova, by Mark Taimanov, Russian language, Schachforum (German language), 2008; originally published St. Petersburg 2003 (autobiography)
Music career
Taimanov was a top concert pianist in the Soviet Union. With his first wife, Lyubov Bruk, he formed a piano duo, some of whose recordings were included in the Phillips and Steinway series Great Pianists of the 20th Century.[19] Taimanov personally knew composer Dmitri Shostakovich, cellist Mstislav Rostropovich and pianist Sviatoslav Richter.[15]
Personal life and death
Taimanov married four times. He remarried late in life, and became the father of twins at the age of 78.[20][21] Fifty-seven years separate his oldest child and his twins.[22]
His younger sister Irina Taimanova (born 1941) is a prominent opera director, TV presenter and professor at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory.[23][24]
Taimanov died on 28 November 2016 in Saint Petersburg, at the age of 90.[1]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Гроссмейстер Марк Тайманов скончался на 91-м году жизни" (in Russian). Interfax. 28 November 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
- ^ "The Chess Grandmaster Who Doubled as a Concert Pianist". 28 November 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
- ^ "Прославленный гроссмейстер Марк Тайманов: 'И мой сын, и внучка обожают возиться с малышами'" 25 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine (Russian). JewishNews.com.ua., accessed 31 October 2011.
- ^ Interview with Irina Taymanova"
- ^ Grigory Taimanov's (brother) Prison File
- ^ a b Irina Taimanova: "I collect impressions about people". Interview with Mark Taimanov's sister by the 33.6 Million Club woman's magazine (in Russian and English)
- ^ Mark Taimanov as a «Renaissance man» article, The School Of Life daily magazine, December 14, 2016 (in Russian)
- ^ "During my childhood there was no domestic antisemitism in Leningrad at all; only after the war I learned that somebody considered me a Jew (I'm quarter-Jewish by birth), as it turned out I wasn't quite fitting for such responsible task as visiting the Stalin's funeral with a delegation". Interview by Moskovskij Komsomolets, March 4, 2005 (in Russian)
- ^ JINFO (16 August 1985). "Jewish Chess Players". Jinfo.org. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
- ^ "Mark Taimanov at 85". Chess in Translation. 15 February 2011.
- ^ Andrew Soltis (2016). Soviet Chess 1917-1991. McFarland & Company. p. 210. ISBN 9781476611235.
- ^ chessmetrics.com, the Mark Taimanov lifetime ratings file
- ^ olimpbase.org, the Mark Taimanov Soviet Team Championship file
- ^ chessmetrics.com, the Mark Taimanov results file
- ^ a b c d e "Interview with Mark Taimanov – My life with chess and music". ChessBase. 23 May 2002. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
- ^ EU-ch Seniors, Saint Vincent 2001, www.365chess.com
- ^ olimpbase.org, the Mark Taimanov Olympiad results file
- ^ olimpbase.org, the Mark Taimanov European Team results file
- ^ "Going strong at 85 – Mark Taimanov's birthday". ChessBase. 16 February 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
- ^ Марк Тайманов."Победа" от Микояна, шахматы от Фиделя (in Russian). Sport-Express. 21 August 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
- ^ "Однажды с... / Марк Тайманов" Archived 23 July 2012 at archive.today (Russian). Channel One, accessed 31 October 2011.
- ^ "Going strong at 85 – Mark Taimanov's birthday". ChessBase. 16 February 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
- ^ Musical theatre director's faculty 24 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine at the official Saint Petersburg Conservatory website (in Russian)
- ^ Irina Taimanova. Benefit talk-show by the Tsarskoye Selo TV (in Russian)
External links
- Interview with Mark Taimanov
- Mark E Taimanov chess games at 365Chess.com
- Mark Taimanov player profile and games at Chessgames.com
- Mark Taimanov Chess Olympiad record at OlimpBase.org
- Mark Taimanov at Chessmetrics
- at the Wayback Machine (archived 2006-06-30)
- Chessville – Interviews – 20 Questions with GM Mark Taimanov
- Grandmaster Profile: GM Mark Taimanov
- Filmography on www.kinoglaz.fr