Notobubon galbanum, re-classified from Peucedanum galbanum in 2008,[2] commonly called the blister bush or hog's fennel, is a South African plant that is best known for its ability to cause painful blistering after contact. In Afrikaans this plant species is known as bergseldery (i.e., "mountain celery").[3]
The plant is in the family Apiaceae, subfamily Apioideae. Although it is in the same family as edible plants such as the carrot and herbs such as fennel and dill, it is not edible and touching it can cause severe blistering particularly if the irritant chemicals are exposed to sunlight (phytophotodermatitis).[4]
The blister bush's leaves look like flat-leaved parsley or celery. The mildly glaucous, evergreen foliage is arranged around the heads of the plant's upright branches. Typically a small shrub, the blister bush can reach a maximum height of around 2.5 metres. The flower head has a very green and slightly yellow appearance and is made up of many tiny yellow flowers that occur in large green compound umbels from October to February.[citation needed] The umbel gives off flat winged seeds.
Distribution and habitatedit
The blister bush is native to the Table Mountain and western Cape Fold Belt region of the Western Cape in South Africa. It is usually found at medium- to high-altitudes in partially shady and damp areas but will also grow at lower altitudes and in areas of direct sunshine. The plant grows in the winter rainfall areas, which are relatively frost-free and have well-drained soils.[4]
Distribution of Notobubon galbanum across the Western Cape, South Africa.
Effects on the bodyedit
The surface of the plant is covered in a mix of chemicals including psoralen, xanthotoxin and bergapten[citation needed] that causes a phototoxic reaction resulting in blistering two or three days after exposure. The moment of exposure is innocuous, without any untoward sensations to the unwary. Exposure of the affected skin to ultraviolet light, such as contained in sunlight, triggers the effects of the plant's toxins, leading to severe itching and blistering. The welts and resulting blisters can be as small as the size of a coin to covering as much exposed skin as came into contact with the plant. Where more than 5% of the body is afflicted, the scarring can be a serious matter. Washing the affected area immediately after exposure may help but preventing any further exposure to ultraviolet light such as the sun or many artificial light sources will reduce and /or eliminate blistering.[4]
Treatmentedit
Preventing the blister from forming is the best way to deal with the affliction. Apart from covering the area and preventing any exposure to sunlight, it is useful to directly apply sunscreen lotion as well. Reapply the lotion as soon as the itching starts again. While the red itchy welt is best treated before the blister appears, all is not lost if you are late. Direct application of the spray-on types of sunscreen, particularly those high in alcohol, tends to both dry the welt and reduce the irritation with immediate effect. If sunscreen is applied soon enough, the process can be interrupted in its entirety.
If untreated the welt should stop itching and weeping after the first five to seven days. Once this has happened, it should be left exposed to allow the affected area to breathe. Blisters sometimes subside into a tender scab or scar that can take many months to disappear altogether.[5]
Medicinal usesedit
Surprisingly, considering its toxicity, it has been credited with a range of medicinal properties. In the traditional medicine of the indigenous peoples of the Cape, it has been recorded as a diuretic and as a treatment for rheumatism, gout, bladder ailments, water retention and high blood pressure. The medicinal application of the plant's foliage took the form of an infusion.[6]
Cultivationedit
Though undeniably an attractive garden subject, this fynbos plant is rarely propagated on account of its phototoxic foliage. When cultivated, it prefers a relatively sunny position, but tolerates a mildly shady or moist spot provided that this is coupled with well-drained soil. For obvious reasons, a location should be chosen where it will not be likely to come in contact with human skin.[7]
Referencesedit
^"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 6 November 2014.
^Magee, Anthony R. (April 2010). "Notobubon galbanum (L.)". Compton Herbarium. PlantZAfrica.com. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
^Manning, John (2008). Field Guide to Fynbos. Cape Town: Struik Publishers. ISBN9781770072657.
^ abcJulia Griffin (19 May 2009). "'Sunburn' alter ego: Blister Bush". Pacific Standard Magazine. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
^Sean Houghton (August 2010). "Blister Bush". Full Circle Magazine. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
^Breyer-Brandwijk: The medicinal and poisonous plants of Southern and Eastern Africa, edn 2. Livingstone: London. 1962.
Other referencesedit
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds). 2003. Plants of southern Africa : an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Goldblatt, P. & Manning, J. 2000. Cape plants. A conspectus of the Cape flora of South Africa. Strelitzia 9. National Botanical Institute, Cape Town and Missouri Botanical Garden.
January 01, 1970
notobubon, galbanum, classified, from, peucedanum, galbanum, 2008, commonly, called, blister, bush, fennel, south, african, plant, that, best, known, ability, cause, painful, blistering, after, contact, afrikaans, this, plant, species, known, bergseldery, moun. Notobubon galbanum re classified from Peucedanum galbanum in 2008 2 commonly called the blister bush or hog s fennel is a South African plant that is best known for its ability to cause painful blistering after contact In Afrikaans this plant species is known as bergseldery i e mountain celery 3 Notobubon galbanum Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Asterids Order Apiales Family Apiaceae Genus Notobubon Species N galbanum Binomial name Notobubon galbanum L Magee Synonyms 1 Agasyllis galbanum L Spreng Bubon galbaniferum Hill nom illeg Bubon galbanum L Galbanon officinale Raf Oreoselinum galbaniferum Garsault nom inval Peucedanum galbanum L Benth amp Hook f Peucedanum galbanum L Drude Selinum galbanum L Spreng Notobubon galbanum or blister bush umbel The plant is in the family Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae Although it is in the same family as edible plants such as the carrot and herbs such as fennel and dill it is not edible and touching it can cause severe blistering particularly if the irritant chemicals are exposed to sunlight phytophotodermatitis 4 Contents 1 Appearance 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Effects on the body 3 1 Treatment 3 2 Medicinal uses 4 Cultivation 5 References 6 Other referencesAppearance editThe blister bush s leaves look like flat leaved parsley or celery The mildly glaucous evergreen foliage is arranged around the heads of the plant s upright branches Typically a small shrub the blister bush can reach a maximum height of around 2 5 metres The flower head has a very green and slightly yellow appearance and is made up of many tiny yellow flowers that occur in large green compound umbels from October to February citation needed The umbel gives off flat winged seeds Distribution and habitat editThe blister bush is native to the Table Mountain and western Cape Fold Belt region of the Western Cape in South Africa It is usually found at medium to high altitudes in partially shady and damp areas but will also grow at lower altitudes and in areas of direct sunshine The plant grows in the winter rainfall areas which are relatively frost free and have well drained soils 4 nbsp Distribution of Notobubon galbanum across the Western Cape South Africa Effects on the body editThe surface of the plant is covered in a mix of chemicals including psoralen xanthotoxin and bergapten citation needed that causes a phototoxic reaction resulting in blistering two or three days after exposure The moment of exposure is innocuous without any untoward sensations to the unwary Exposure of the affected skin to ultraviolet light such as contained in sunlight triggers the effects of the plant s toxins leading to severe itching and blistering The welts and resulting blisters can be as small as the size of a coin to covering as much exposed skin as came into contact with the plant Where more than 5 of the body is afflicted the scarring can be a serious matter Washing the affected area immediately after exposure may help but preventing any further exposure to ultraviolet light such as the sun or many artificial light sources will reduce and or eliminate blistering 4 Treatment edit Preventing the blister from forming is the best way to deal with the affliction Apart from covering the area and preventing any exposure to sunlight it is useful to directly apply sunscreen lotion as well Reapply the lotion as soon as the itching starts again While the red itchy welt is best treated before the blister appears all is not lost if you are late Direct application of the spray on types of sunscreen particularly those high in alcohol tends to both dry the welt and reduce the irritation with immediate effect If sunscreen is applied soon enough the process can be interrupted in its entirety If untreated the welt should stop itching and weeping after the first five to seven days Once this has happened it should be left exposed to allow the affected area to breathe Blisters sometimes subside into a tender scab or scar that can take many months to disappear altogether 5 Medicinal uses edit Surprisingly considering its toxicity it has been credited with a range of medicinal properties In the traditional medicine of the indigenous peoples of the Cape it has been recorded as a diuretic and as a treatment for rheumatism gout bladder ailments water retention and high blood pressure The medicinal application of the plant s foliage took the form of an infusion 6 Cultivation editThough undeniably an attractive garden subject this fynbos plant is rarely propagated on account of its phototoxic foliage When cultivated it prefers a relatively sunny position but tolerates a mildly shady or moist spot provided that this is coupled with well drained soil For obvious reasons a location should be chosen where it will not be likely to come in contact with human skin 7 References edit The Plant List A Working List of All Plant Species Retrieved 6 November 2014 Magee Anthony R April 2010 Notobubon galbanum L Compton Herbarium PlantZAfrica com Retrieved May 3 2012 Manning John 2008 Field Guide to Fynbos Cape Town Struik Publishers ISBN 9781770072657 a b c Julia Griffin 19 May 2009 Sunburn alter ego Blister Bush Pacific Standard Magazine Retrieved 27 October 2018 Sean Houghton August 2010 Blister Bush Full Circle Magazine Retrieved 17 January 2011 E J Dykman Kook Koek en Resepte Boek Paarl Paarlse Drukpers Maatskappy 1891 Breyer Brandwijk The medicinal and poisonous plants of Southern and Eastern Africa edn 2 Livingstone London 1962 Other references editGermishuizen G amp Meyer N L eds 2003 Plants of southern Africa an annotated checklist Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute Pretoria Goldblatt P amp Manning J 2000 Cape plants A conspectus of the Cape flora of South Africa Strelitzia 9 National Botanical Institute Cape Town and Missouri Botanical Garden Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Notobubon galbanum amp oldid 1179146681, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
