Individual animals regularly clean themselves and put their fur, feathers or other skin coverings in good order. This activity is known as personal grooming, a form of hygiene. Extracting foreign objects such as insects, leaves, dirt, twigs and parasites[1] is a form of grooming. Among animals, birds spend considerable time preening their feathers. This is done to remove ectoparasites, keep the feathers in good aerodynamic condition, and waterproof them. To do that, they use the preen oil secreted by the uropygial gland, the dust of down feathers, or other means such as dust-bathing or anting. During oil spills, animal conservationists that rescue penguins sometimes dress them in knitted sweaters to stop them from preening and thereby ingesting the mineral oil, which is poisonous. Monkeys may also pick out nits from their fur or scratch their rears to keep themselves clean. Cats are well known for their extensive grooming. Cats groom so often that they often produce hairballs from the fur they ingest.[2] Many mammal species also groom their genitals after copulation.[3][4]
In humankind, mutual grooming relates closely to social grooming, which is defined as the process by which human beings fulfill one of their basic instincts, such as socializing, cooperating and learning from each other.[5] In research conducted by Holly Nelson (from the University of New Hampshire) and Glenn Geher (State University of New York at Paltz), individuals who chose their romantic partner reported more mutual grooming than others who focused in other types of relationships. Hence, this study hypothesized that mutual grooming related to relationship satisfaction, trust and previous experience of affection within the family. They claim that even though humans do not groom each other with the same fervor that other species do, they are groomers par excellence. Therefore, human mutual grooming plays an important role in pair bonding. In the same investigation, researchers found that individuals with more promiscuous attitudes and those who scored high on the anxiety sub-scale on an adult attachment style measure tend to groom their partners more frequently. These findings were also consistent with some of the functions of grooming: potential parental indicator, developing trust and courtship or flirtation.[6]
A recent empirical study by Seinenu Thein-Lemelson (University of California, Berkeley) utilized an ethological approach to examine cross-cultural differences in human grooming as it pertains to caregiving behaviors. Naturalistic data was collected through video focal follows with children during routine activities and then coded for grooming behaviors. This cross-cultural comparison of urban families in Burma and the United States indicates that there are significant cross-cultural differences in rates of caregiver-to-child grooming. Burmese caregivers in the sample groomed children more often than caregivers in the United States. Additionally, children in the United States have short instances of concentrated grooming predominantly during daily activities that are structured explicitly around hygiene goals (bath time), in contrast to the Burmese child, whose grooming is distributed more evenly within and across daily activities. The Burmese parents maintained a constant vigilance with regard to risk of infection. The study is significant because it is the only study of human grooming to utilize naturalistic data.[7]
^Graystock, Peter; Hughes, William O. H. (2011). "Disease resistance in a weaver ant, Polyrhachis dives, and the role of antibiotic-producing glands". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 65 (12): 2319–2327. doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1242-y. S2CID 23234351.
^Garvey, Michael S.; Hohenhaus, Ann E.; Houpt, Katherine A.; Pinckney, John E.; Randolph, Elizabeth; Wallace, Melissa S. (2010). The Veterinarians' Guide to Your Cat's Symptoms. Random House. ISBN9780307492852.
^Alan F. Dixson (26 January 2012). Primate Sexuality: Comparative Studies of the Prosimians, Monkeys, Apes, and Humans. OUP Oxford. ISBN978-0-19-954464-6.
^Peter M. Kappeler; Carel P. van Schaik (13 May 2004). Sexual Selection in Primates: New and Comparative Perspectives. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-1-139-45115-4.
^Casse, Pierre. (2008-10-14) Social Grooming – A new side to leadership? 2016-03-12 at the Wayback Machine Dean, Berlin School of Creative Leadership. Retrieved on 2010-09-08
^ Nelson, Holly and Geher, Glenn. (2007-09-15) Mutual Grooming in Human Dyadic Relationships: An Ethological Perspective Springer Link. Retrieved on 2010-09-08
^Thein-Lemelson, Seinenu (December 19, 2014). "Grooming and cultural socialization: A mixed method study of caregiving practices in Burma (Myanmar) and the United States". International Journal of Psychology. 50 (1): 37–46. doi:10.1002/ijop.12119. PMC4320772. PMID 25530498.
External links
Media related to Grooming at Wikimedia Commons
Timeless grooming tips for men
February 04, 2023
personal, grooming, preening, birds, preening, bird, grooming, also, called, preening, practice, cleaning, maintaining, parts, body, species, typical, behavior, summer, morning, spadarvet, carl, larsson, 1908, preening, male, ruff, mutually, grooming, ponies, . For preening in birds see preening bird Grooming also called preening is the art and practice of cleaning and maintaining parts of the body It is a species typical behavior Summer Morning at Spadarvet by Carl Larsson 1908 Preening male ruff Mutually grooming ponies at Turf Hill New Forest U K Contents 1 In animals 2 Grooming as a social activity 3 Mutual grooming in human relationships 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksIn animals EditIndividual animals regularly clean themselves and put their fur feathers or other skin coverings in good order This activity is known as personal grooming a form of hygiene Extracting foreign objects such as insects leaves dirt twigs and parasites 1 is a form of grooming Among animals birds spend considerable time preening their feathers This is done to remove ectoparasites keep the feathers in good aerodynamic condition and waterproof them To do that they use the preen oil secreted by the uropygial gland the dust of down feathers or other means such as dust bathing or anting During oil spills animal conservationists that rescue penguins sometimes dress them in knitted sweaters to stop them from preening and thereby ingesting the mineral oil which is poisonous Monkeys may also pick out nits from their fur or scratch their rears to keep themselves clean Cats are well known for their extensive grooming Cats groom so often that they often produce hairballs from the fur they ingest 2 Many mammal species also groom their genitals after copulation 3 4 Grooming as a social activity EditMain article Social grooming See also Preening bird Allopreening Many social animals adapt preening and grooming behaviors for other social purposes such as bonding and the strengthening of social structures Grooming plays a particularly important role in forming social bonds in many primate species such as chacma baboons and wedge capped capuchins Mutual grooming in human relationships EditMain article Social grooming Primates In humankind mutual grooming relates closely to social grooming which is defined as the process by which human beings fulfill one of their basic instincts such as socializing cooperating and learning from each other 5 In research conducted by Holly Nelson from the University of New Hampshire and Glenn Geher State University of New York at Paltz individuals who chose their romantic partner reported more mutual grooming than others who focused in other types of relationships Hence this study hypothesized that mutual grooming related to relationship satisfaction trust and previous experience of affection within the family They claim that even though humans do not groom each other with the same fervor that other species do they are groomers par excellence Therefore human mutual grooming plays an important role in pair bonding In the same investigation researchers found that individuals with more promiscuous attitudes and those who scored high on the anxiety sub scale on an adult attachment style measure tend to groom their partners more frequently These findings were also consistent with some of the functions of grooming potential parental indicator developing trust and courtship or flirtation 6 A recent empirical study by Seinenu Thein Lemelson University of California Berkeley utilized an ethological approach to examine cross cultural differences in human grooming as it pertains to caregiving behaviors Naturalistic data was collected through video focal follows with children during routine activities and then coded for grooming behaviors This cross cultural comparison of urban families in Burma and the United States indicates that there are significant cross cultural differences in rates of caregiver to child grooming Burmese caregivers in the sample groomed children more often than caregivers in the United States Additionally children in the United States have short instances of concentrated grooming predominantly during daily activities that are structured explicitly around hygiene goals bath time in contrast to the Burmese child whose grooming is distributed more evenly within and across daily activities The Burmese parents maintained a constant vigilance with regard to risk of infection The study is significant because it is the only study of human grooming to utilize naturalistic data 7 Gallery Edit A domesticated cat grooming Black swan preening Peregrine falcon preening its feathers source source source source source source source source source source A house sparrow cleans itself in moving water while a mallard preens in the background source source source source source source A flesh fly uses its legs to clean and maintain itselfSee also Edit Animals portalComfort behaviour in animals Courtship display Dust bathing Self anointing in animalsReferences Edit Graystock Peter Hughes William O H 2011 Disease resistance in a weaver ant Polyrhachis dives and the role of antibiotic producing glands Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 65 12 2319 2327 doi 10 1007 s00265 011 1242 y S2CID 23234351 Garvey Michael S Hohenhaus Ann E Houpt Katherine A Pinckney John E Randolph Elizabeth Wallace Melissa S 2010 The Veterinarians Guide to Your Cat s Symptoms Random House ISBN 9780307492852 Alan F Dixson 26 January 2012 Primate Sexuality Comparative Studies of the Prosimians Monkeys Apes and Humans OUP Oxford ISBN 978 0 19 954464 6 Peter M Kappeler Carel P van Schaik 13 May 2004 Sexual Selection in Primates New and Comparative Perspectives Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1 139 45115 4 Casse Pierre 2008 10 14 Social Grooming A new side to leadership Archived 2016 03 12 at the Wayback Machine Dean Berlin School of Creative Leadership Retrieved on 2010 09 08 Nelson Holly and Geher Glenn 2007 09 15 Mutual Grooming in Human Dyadic Relationships An Ethological Perspective Springer Link Retrieved on 2010 09 08 Thein Lemelson Seinenu December 19 2014 Grooming and cultural socialization A mixed method study of caregiving practices in Burma Myanmar and the United States International Journal of Psychology 50 1 37 46 doi 10 1002 ijop 12119 PMC 4320772 PMID 25530498 External links Edit Media related to Grooming at Wikimedia Commons Timeless grooming tips for men Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Personal grooming amp oldid 1122127359, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
