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Wikipedia

Persona

May 04, 2023

This article is about the concept. For the video game series, see Persona (series). For other uses, see Persona (disambiguation).

A persona (plural personae or personas) is a strategic mask of identity in public,[1] the public image of one's personality, the social role that one adopts, or simply a fictional character.[2] It is also considered "an intermediary between the individual and the institution." [3]

Persona studies is an academic field developed by communication and media scholars.[4] The term “persona” has been discussed by sociologists Robert Park[5] and Erving Goffman[6] in the 1950s. It is a tool to become persons by constructing the conception of our role and connecting the inner conception to the outer world as individuals.[7] Yet, the terminology of identity and personae has been applied loosely and both imply the impressions of self and social performances in their works.

The word derives from Latin, where it originally referred to a theatrical mask.[8] The usage of the word dates back to the beginnings of Latin civilization.[9] The Latin word derived from the Etruscan word "phersu," with the same meaning, and that from the Greek πρόσωπον (prosōpon).[10] It is the etymology of the word "person," or "parson" in French.[11] Latin etymologists explained that persona comes from "per/sonare" as "the mask through which (per) resounds the voice (of the actor)."[12]

Its meaning in the latter Roman period changed to indicate a "character" of a theatrical performance or court of law,[13] when it became apparent that different individuals could assume the same role and that legal attributes such as rights, powers, and duties followed the role. The same individuals as actors could play different roles, each with its own legal attributes, sometimes even in the same court appearance.

In psychology

Main article: Persona (psychology)

According to Carl Jung and the Jungian psychology, the persona is also the mask or appearance one presents to the world.[14] It may appear in dreams under various guises. People may choose to wear a social mask or use a persona to make themselves appear more socially desirable. This is used to impress potential partners or to make new friends.[15] People can have multiple personas that they use in various situations; this can include work, being with friends, at home, etc. Depending on the individual's circumstance, a persona which they consider stronger within their specific social situation can be created because they put a higher emphasis on social interactions. Jung warned about using personas too much, fearing that one might lose their own individuality to their persona. A study has shown that this can be true to an extent; when taking a private self-rating test, there is a high correlation between how a person rates themselves and how they present themselves in public. It is difficult to tell if people are accurately filling out the test or answering what they find desirable.[15]

In a study written by Danielle Jackson, she argues that a person's persona can range in healthiness. The more healthy a persona is, the more socially acceptable and consistent that person remains. However, once a person starts to believe they are their persona, it can have adverse effects on their personality.[16] James Hillman believed that once a person loses their identity to a persona, they become an archetypal figure. By losing their "ego", their persona becomes their personality in an archetypal form. However, when this occurs, the person becomes unstable and they are unable to act outside their formed persona.[16]

In literature

In literature, the term generally refers to a character established by an author, one in whose voice all or part of a narrative takes place. Poets such as Robert Browning, Ezra Pound, and T. S. Eliot are strongly associated with such narrative voices, as is the writer Luigi Pirandello. These writers understood the term slightly differently and derived its use and meaning from different traditions. Examples of Eliot's personae were "Prufrock" and Sweeney. Pound developed such characters as Cino, Bertran de Born, Propertius, and Mauberley in response to figures in Browning’s dramatic monologues. Whereas Eliot used "masks" to distance himself from aspects of modern life which he found degrading and repulsive, Pound's personae were often poets and could be considered in good part alter egos. For Pound, the personae were a way of working through a specific poetic problem. In this sense, the persona is a transparent mask, wearing the traits of two poets and responding to two situations, old and new, which are similar and overlapping.

In literary analysis, any narrative voice that speaks in the first person and appears to define a particular character is often referred to as a persona. It is contrasted with a third-person narrative voice, generally taken to be more objective and impersonal. There are borderline cases, such as the “we” that occurs late in Edwin Arlington Robinson's poem and functions something like a chorus in a Greek tragedy, but in general any identifiable narrator whose point of view or manner of speaking clearly distinguishes them from the author is considered a literary persona.

In fan fiction and in online stories, the personas may especially reflect the authors' self-insertion.

Musical Persona

 
David Bowie as The Thin White Duke at Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto 1976

The Concept of Musical Persona

The concept of persona in music was introduced by Edward T. Cone in his The Composer's Voice (1974), that dealt with the relation between the lyrical self of a song's lyrics and its composer.[17] Performance studies scholar Philip Auslander includes further contextual frames, in which musical persona is the primary product of musical performances apart from the original text.[18] Auslander argues that music is a primary social frame as a "principle of organization which govern events."[19] In addition, he categorizes three types of personae transformation: lateral moves within the same frame at a given moment; movements from one frame to another; and within a single frame that changes over time and hypothesizes that personae transformation could only happen when the genre framing changes. As a strategic formation of public identity in communities, musical personae describe how music moves through cultures.[20] Persona maintains stability of performance with the expectation from the audience matching in musical presentation.[21]

The concept of persona can also be used to refer to an instrumentalist, like a pianist and their playing style,[22] although the term is more commonly used to refer to the voice and performance nuances of a vocalist in a studio album or in a live concert. In online spaces where personae are more visible, musical personae can be created through the flexible and fluid virtual bodies of avatars.[23]

Usually, the performers assume a role that matches the music they sing on stage, though they may also be composers. Many performers make use of a persona. Some artists create various characters, especially if their career is long and they go through many changes over time. For example, David Bowie initially adopted a role as alien messenger Ziggy Stardust, and later as The Thin White Duke.[24] More than just artistic pseudonyms, the personae are independent characters used in the artist's shows and albums (in this example, The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars and Station to Station). However, in music, a persona does not always mean a change. Some authors have noted that Bob Dylan's charisma is due largely to his almost stereotyped image, always with a harmonica, guitar, and with his distinctive hair, nasal voice, and clothing.[25] The persona also serves to claim a right or to draw attention to a certain subject. That is the case of Marilyn Manson and his interest in death and morbidity, and Madonna and her interest in sexuality.[26]

Examples

American Artists

British Artists

In marketing and user experience design

Main article: Persona (marketing)

Personas are used in marketing and advertising by creating a marketing persona that represents a group or segment of customers[36] so that the company can focus its efforts. For example, online advertising agencies can monitor pictures, browsing history and the ads people surfing the internet generally select or choose to click, and based on that data they tailor their merchandise to a targeted audience or better describe a customer segments using a data driven approach.[37]

Personas are also used in user experience design, known as user personas. Alan Cooper introduced personas in his book, The Inmates Are Running the Asylum (1998). Cooper play-acted fictitious characters in order to help solve design questions.[38] These personas need to be based on user research and can also be described in narrative form.[39] Creating personas has become synonymous with creating a document, known as persona profile, instead of an "activity of empathetic role-play".[40]

See also

Citations

  1. ^ Marshall, P. David; Barbour, Kim (2015-04-30). "Making Intellectual Room for Persona Studies: A New Consciousness and a Shifted Perspective". Persona Studies. 1 (1). doi:10.21153/ps2015vol1no1art464. ISSN 2205-5258.
  2. ^ "Persona", Merriam-Webster.com, Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2020.
  3. ^ Bosch, Mineke (January 2013). "Persona and the Performance of Identity Parallel Developments in the Biographical Historiography of Science and Gender, and the Related Uses of Self Narrative". L'Homme. 24 (2). doi:10.7767/lhomme.2013.24.2.11. ISSN 2194-5071.
  4. ^ "Persona Studies". ojs.deakin.edu.au. Retrieved 2023-04-23.
  5. ^ Park, Robert (1950). Race and Culture. Free Press.
  6. ^ Goffman, Erving (1956). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. University of Edinburgh.
  7. ^ Goffman, Erving (1956). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. University of Edinburgh. pp. 152, 160.
  8. ^ Bishop, Paul (July 30, 2007). Analytical Psychology and German Classical Aesthetics: Goethe, Schiller, and Jung, Volume 1: The Development of the Personality. Taylor & Francis. pp. 157–158. ISBN 978-0-203-96088-2. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  9. ^ The Category of the person : anthropology, philosophy, history. Michael Carrithers, Steven Collins, Steven Lukes. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press. 1985. ISBN 0-521-25909-6. OCLC 11523564.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  10. ^ "The Etruscan Phersu - phersuminiatures". sites.google.com. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
  11. ^ "Person, n." Oxford English Dictionary. 2023.
  12. ^ Mouss, Marcel (1985). Category of the Person. Cambridge University Press. p. 14.
  13. ^ Horsman, Yasco; Korsten, Frans-Willem (2016-09-01). "Introduction: Legal Bodies: Corpus/Persona/Communitas". Law & Literature. 28 (3): 277–285. doi:10.1080/1535685X.2016.1232924. ISSN 1535-685X.
  14. ^ Jung, Carl Gustav (1967). Two Essays on Analytical Psychology. Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 7. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-09776-3.
  15. ^ a b Leary, Mark R. (October 19, 2011). "Personality and persona: personality processes in self presentation". Journal of Personality. 79 (6): 1191–1218. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00704.x. PMID 21204836.
  16. ^ a b Jackson, Danielle (2017). Persona of Anime: A Depth Psychological Approach to the Persona and Individuation. ProQuest 1964903170.
  17. ^ Deborah Stein and Robert Spillman, Poetry Into Song: Performance and Analysis of Lieder (Oxford University Press US, 2010), p.235. ISBN 0-19-975430-6
  18. ^ Auslander, Philip (2006). "Musical Personae". TDR (1988-). 50 (1): 100–119. ISSN 1054-2043.
  19. ^ Goffman, Erving (1974). Frame analysis : an essay on the organization of experience. New York. p. 10. ISBN 0-06-090372-4. OCLC 1175799.
  20. ^ Fairchild, Charles; Marshall, P. David (2019-07-11). "Music and Persona: An Introduction". Persona Studies. 5 (1): 9. doi:10.21153/psj2019vol5no1art856. ISSN 2205-5258.
  21. ^ Fairchild, Charles; Marshall, P. David (2019-07-11). "Music and Persona: An Introduction". Persona Studies. 5 (1): 4. doi:10.21153/psj2019vol5no1art856. ISSN 2205-5258.
  22. ^ Deborah Stein and Robert Spillman, p.106.
  23. ^ academic.oup.com. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199321285.013.1 https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/28035/chapter/211922055. Retrieved 2023-05-01. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  24. ^ James E. Perone, The words and music of David Bowie (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007), ppp. 39, 51, and 108. ISBN 0-275-99245-4
  25. ^ Paul Williams, Bob Dylan: performing artist 1986-1990 & beyond : mind out of time (Omnibus Press, 2004), p.229. ISBN 1-84449-281-8
  26. ^ Bhesham R. Sharma, The death of art (University Press of America, 2006), p.14. ISBN 0-7618-3466-4
  27. ^ Chace, Zoe (12 Aug 2010). "Pop Personae: Why Do Some Women Perform In Character?". NPR.com. NPR. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  28. ^ Jonathan, Cohen (November 26, 2008). . Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on January 26, 2010.
  29. ^ Dinh, James (2011-09-28). . MTV. Archived from the original on 18 Oct 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
  30. ^ Lizzy Goodman (June 20, 2010). "Nicki Minaj, the Rapper With a Crush on Meryl Streep". New York magazine. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
  31. ^ Dawson, Imani A. "Nicki Minaj Gets 'Revenge' With Eminem". Rap-Up.com. Vibe Media Group. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
  32. ^ Barrett, Christopher (November 10, 2007). "Spice Girls: From Wannabes to World Beaters". Music Week. p. 13. ISSN 0265-1548. Retrieved February 23, 2021 – via ProQuest.
  33. ^ White, Amelia (April 2, 2020). "Melanie C Imagines How The Spice Girls Would Fare In 2020". Love. Archived from the original on March 14, 2021. Retrieved March 14, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  34. ^ Kenneth Womack and Todd F. Davis, Reading the Beatles: cultural studies, literary criticism, and the Fab Four (SUNY Press, 2006), p.21. ISBN 0-7914-6715-5
  35. ^ Allan F. Moore, The Beatles, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Cambridge University Press, 1997), p.75. ISBN 0-521-57484-6
  36. ^ Rind, Bonnie. . Archived from the original on 15 Aug 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009. The identification and application of personas improved Development's efficiency and quality during the first development cycle in which they were used. In addition, the use of personas significantly improved corporate cohesiveness, focus and decision making at every level.
  37. ^ Jansen, Bernard; An, Jisun; Kwak, Haewoon; Salminen, Joni; Jung, Soon-gyo (2017). "Viewed by Too Many or Viewed Too Little: Using Information Dissemination for Audience Segmentation" (PDF). Association for Information Science and Technology Annual Meeting 2017 (ASIST2017): 189–196.
  38. ^ Alan Cooper: "". Cooper Journal, May 15, 2008.
  39. ^ Kim Goodwin: "". Cooper Journal, May 15, 2008.
  40. ^ Andrew Hinton: "Personas and the Role of Design Documentation." Boxes and Arrow, February 27th, 2008.

May 04, 2023
persona, this, article, about, concept, video, game, series, series, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challe. This article is about the concept For the video game series see Persona series For other uses see Persona disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Persona news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message A persona plural personae or personas is a strategic mask of identity in public 1 the public image of one s personality the social role that one adopts or simply a fictional character 2 It is also considered an intermediary between the individual and the institution 3 Persona studies is an academic field developed by communication and media scholars 4 The term persona has been discussed by sociologists Robert Park 5 and Erving Goffman 6 in the 1950s It is a tool to become persons by constructing the conception of our role and connecting the inner conception to the outer world as individuals 7 Yet the terminology of identity and personae has been applied loosely and both imply the impressions of self and social performances in their works The word derives from Latin where it originally referred to a theatrical mask 8 The usage of the word dates back to the beginnings of Latin civilization 9 The Latin word derived from the Etruscan word phersu with the same meaning and that from the Greek proswpon code ell promoted to code el prosōpon code ell promoted to code el 10 It is the etymology of the word person or parson in French 11 Latin etymologists explained that persona comes from per sonare as the mask through which per resounds the voice of the actor 12 Its meaning in the latter Roman period changed to indicate a character of a theatrical performance or court of law 13 when it became apparent that different individuals could assume the same role and that legal attributes such as rights powers and duties followed the role The same individuals as actors could play different roles each with its own legal attributes sometimes even in the same court appearance Contents 1 In psychology 2 In literature 3 Musical Persona 3 1 The Concept of Musical Persona 3 2 Examples 3 2 1 American Artists 3 2 2 British Artists 4 In marketing and user experience design 5 See also 6 CitationsIn psychology EditMain article Persona psychology According to Carl Jung and the Jungian psychology the persona is also the mask or appearance one presents to the world 14 It may appear in dreams under various guises People may choose to wear a social mask or use a persona to make themselves appear more socially desirable This is used to impress potential partners or to make new friends 15 People can have multiple personas that they use in various situations this can include work being with friends at home etc Depending on the individual s circumstance a persona which they consider stronger within their specific social situation can be created because they put a higher emphasis on social interactions Jung warned about using personas too much fearing that one might lose their own individuality to their persona A study has shown that this can be true to an extent when taking a private self rating test there is a high correlation between how a person rates themselves and how they present themselves in public It is difficult to tell if people are accurately filling out the test or answering what they find desirable 15 In a study written by Danielle Jackson she argues that a person s persona can range in healthiness The more healthy a persona is the more socially acceptable and consistent that person remains However once a person starts to believe they are their persona it can have adverse effects on their personality 16 James Hillman believed that once a person loses their identity to a persona they become an archetypal figure By losing their ego their persona becomes their personality in an archetypal form However when this occurs the person becomes unstable and they are unable to act outside their formed persona 16 In literature EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed February 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message In literature the term generally refers to a character established by an author one in whose voice all or part of a narrative takes place Poets such as Robert Browning Ezra Pound and T S Eliot are strongly associated with such narrative voices as is the writer Luigi Pirandello These writers understood the term slightly differently and derived its use and meaning from different traditions Examples of Eliot s personae were Prufrock and Sweeney Pound developed such characters as Cino Bertran de Born Propertius and Mauberley in response to figures in Browning s dramatic monologues Whereas Eliot used masks to distance himself from aspects of modern life which he found degrading and repulsive Pound s personae were often poets and could be considered in good part alter egos For Pound the personae were a way of working through a specific poetic problem In this sense the persona is a transparent mask wearing the traits of two poets and responding to two situations old and new which are similar and overlapping In literary analysis any narrative voice that speaks in the first person and appears to define a particular character is often referred to as a persona It is contrasted with a third person narrative voice generally taken to be more objective and impersonal There are borderline cases such as the we that occurs late in Edwin Arlington Robinson s poem and functions something like a chorus in a Greek tragedy but in general any identifiable narrator whose point of view or manner of speaking clearly distinguishes them from the author is considered a literary persona In fan fiction and in online stories the personas may especially reflect the authors self insertion Musical Persona Edit David Bowie as The Thin White Duke at Maple Leaf Gardens Toronto 1976 The Concept of Musical Persona Edit The concept of persona in music was introduced by Edward T Cone in his The Composer s Voice 1974 that dealt with the relation between the lyrical self of a song s lyrics and its composer 17 Performance studies scholar Philip Auslander includes further contextual frames in which musical persona is the primary product of musical performances apart from the original text 18 Auslander argues that music is a primary social frame as a principle of organization which govern events 19 In addition he categorizes three types of personae transformation lateral moves within the same frame at a given moment movements from one frame to another and within a single frame that changes over time and hypothesizes that personae transformation could only happen when the genre framing changes As a strategic formation of public identity in communities musical personae describe how music moves through cultures 20 Persona maintains stability of performance with the expectation from the audience matching in musical presentation 21 The concept of persona can also be used to refer to an instrumentalist like a pianist and their playing style 22 although the term is more commonly used to refer to the voice and performance nuances of a vocalist in a studio album or in a live concert In online spaces where personae are more visible musical personae can be created through the flexible and fluid virtual bodies of avatars 23 Usually the performers assume a role that matches the music they sing on stage though they may also be composers Many performers make use of a persona Some artists create various characters especially if their career is long and they go through many changes over time For example David Bowie initially adopted a role as alien messenger Ziggy Stardust and later as The Thin White Duke 24 More than just artistic pseudonyms the personae are independent characters used in the artist s shows and albums in this example The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars and Station to Station However in music a persona does not always mean a change Some authors have noted that Bob Dylan s charisma is due largely to his almost stereotyped image always with a harmonica guitar and with his distinctive hair nasal voice and clothing 25 The persona also serves to claim a right or to draw attention to a certain subject That is the case of Marilyn Manson and his interest in death and morbidity and Madonna and her interest in sexuality 26 Examples Edit American Artists Edit Beyonce the persona of Beyonce Sasha Fierce appears on the album I Am Sasha Fierce According to Beyonce Sasha is her wilder side emerging during high octane stage performances and serving as a sort of scapegoat for unladylike behavior 27 28 Lady Gaga Jo Calderone the persona of Gaga performed at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards Jo represents a drag male persona and is often used in the performance of her song You and I 29 Nicki Minaj she employs multiple personae ranging from what she calls the Harajuku Barbie persona to Roman Zolanski a Polish homosexual The personae were heavily used in her sophomore album Pink Friday Roman Reloaded 30 31 British Artists Edit Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones he takes the guise of Satan in the song Sympathy for the Devil or of a housewife in Slave Spice Girls each member of girl group adopted personas based on nicknames given to them by the British press According to Music Week these personas Ginger Posh Baby Sporty and Scary played a key role in the group s international marketability 32 Spice Girl Melanie C later said the personas were like a protection mechanism because it was like putting on this armour of being this this character rather than it actually being you 33 the Beatles they presents a group persona of Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band 34 including the character Billy Shears played by drummer Ringo Starr 35 In marketing and user experience design EditMain article Persona marketing Personas are used in marketing and advertising by creating a marketing persona that represents a group or segment of customers 36 so that the company can focus its efforts For example online advertising agencies can monitor pictures browsing history and the ads people surfing the internet generally select or choose to click and based on that data they tailor their merchandise to a targeted audience or better describe a customer segments using a data driven approach 37 Personas are also used in user experience design known as user personas Alan Cooper introduced personas in his book The Inmates Are Running the Asylum 1998 Cooper play acted fictitious characters in order to help solve design questions 38 These personas need to be based on user research and can also be described in narrative form 39 Creating personas has become synonymous with creating a document known as persona profile instead of an activity of empathetic role play 40 See also EditAlter ego Avatar Character mask Costume Dissociative identity disorder Doppelganger Fursona a term for a furry s persona Stage name Sailor Saturn Pseudonym Nom de plume Rebirth ReincarnationCitations Edit Marshall P David Barbour Kim 2015 04 30 Making Intellectual Room for Persona Studies A New Consciousness and a Shifted Perspective Persona Studies 1 1 doi 10 21153 ps2015vol1no1art464 ISSN 2205 5258 Persona Merriam Webster com Merriam Webster Inc 2020 Bosch Mineke January 2013 Persona and the Performance of Identity Parallel Developments in the Biographical Historiography of Science and Gender and the Related Uses of Self Narrative L Homme 24 2 doi 10 7767 lhomme 2013 24 2 11 ISSN 2194 5071 Persona Studies ojs deakin edu au Retrieved 2023 04 23 Park Robert 1950 Race and Culture Free Press Goffman Erving 1956 The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life University of Edinburgh Goffman Erving 1956 The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life University of Edinburgh pp 152 160 Bishop Paul July 30 2007 Analytical Psychology and German Classical Aesthetics Goethe Schiller and Jung Volume 1 The Development of the Personality Taylor amp Francis pp 157 158 ISBN 978 0 203 96088 2 Retrieved August 27 2013 The Category of the person anthropology philosophy history Michael Carrithers Steven Collins Steven Lukes Cambridge Cambridgeshire Cambridge University Press 1985 ISBN 0 521 25909 6 OCLC 11523564 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link The Etruscan Phersu phersuminiatures sites google com Retrieved 2023 05 01 Person n Oxford English Dictionary 2023 Mouss Marcel 1985 Category of the Person Cambridge University Press p 14 Horsman Yasco Korsten Frans Willem 2016 09 01 Introduction Legal Bodies Corpus Persona Communitas Law amp Literature 28 3 277 285 doi 10 1080 1535685X 2016 1232924 ISSN 1535 685X Jung Carl Gustav 1967 Two Essays on Analytical Psychology Collected Works of C G Jung Vol 7 Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0 691 09776 3 a b Leary Mark R October 19 2011 Personality and persona personality processes in self presentation Journal of Personality 79 6 1191 1218 doi 10 1111 j 1467 6494 2010 00704 x PMID 21204836 a b Jackson Danielle 2017 Persona of Anime A Depth Psychological Approach to the Persona and Individuation ProQuest 1964903170 Deborah Stein and Robert Spillman Poetry Into Song Performance and Analysis of Lieder Oxford University Press US 2010 p 235 ISBN 0 19 975430 6 Auslander Philip 2006 Musical Personae TDR 1988 50 1 100 119 ISSN 1054 2043 Goffman Erving 1974 Frame analysis an essay on the organization of experience New York p 10 ISBN 0 06 090372 4 OCLC 1175799 Fairchild Charles Marshall P David 2019 07 11 Music and Persona An Introduction Persona Studies 5 1 9 doi 10 21153 psj2019vol5no1art856 ISSN 2205 5258 Fairchild Charles Marshall P David 2019 07 11 Music and Persona An Introduction Persona Studies 5 1 4 doi 10 21153 psj2019vol5no1art856 ISSN 2205 5258 Deborah Stein and Robert Spillman p 106 academic oup com doi 10 1093 oxfordhb 9780199321285 013 1 https academic oup com edited volume 28035 chapter 211922055 Retrieved 2023 05 01 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help James E Perone The words and music of David Bowie Greenwood Publishing Group 2007 ppp 39 51 and 108 ISBN 0 275 99245 4 Paul Williams Bob Dylan performing artist 1986 1990 amp beyond mind out of time Omnibus Press 2004 p 229 ISBN 1 84449 281 8 Bhesham R Sharma The death of art University Press of America 2006 p 14 ISBN 0 7618 3466 4 Chace Zoe 12 Aug 2010 Pop Personae Why Do Some Women Perform In Character NPR com NPR Retrieved 19 August 2012 Jonathan Cohen November 26 2008 Beyonce Starts Fierce Atop Album Chart Billboard Prometheus Global Media Archived from the original on January 26 2010 Dinh James 2011 09 28 Lady Gaga Bends Gender Minds With VMA Monologue MTV Archived from the original on 18 Oct 2011 Retrieved 2011 09 28 Lizzy Goodman June 20 2010 Nicki Minaj the Rapper With a Crush on Meryl Streep New York magazine Retrieved July 22 2010 Dawson Imani A Nicki Minaj Gets Revenge With Eminem Rap Up com Vibe Media Group Retrieved November 4 2010 Barrett Christopher November 10 2007 Spice Girls From Wannabes to World Beaters Music Week p 13 ISSN 0265 1548 Retrieved February 23 2021 via ProQuest White Amelia April 2 2020 Melanie C Imagines How The Spice Girls Would Fare In 2020 Love Archived from the original on March 14 2021 Retrieved March 14 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Kenneth Womack and Todd F Davis Reading the Beatles cultural studies literary criticism and the Fab Four SUNY Press 2006 p 21 ISBN 0 7914 6715 5 Allan F Moore The Beatles Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band Cambridge University Press 1997 p 75 ISBN 0 521 57484 6 Rind Bonnie The Power of the Persona Archived from the original on 15 Aug 2009 Retrieved May 5 2009 The identification and application of personas improved Development s efficiency and quality during the first development cycle in which they were used In addition the use of personas significantly improved corporate cohesiveness focus and decision making at every level Jansen Bernard An Jisun Kwak Haewoon Salminen Joni Jung Soon gyo 2017 Viewed by Too Many or Viewed Too Little Using Information Dissemination for Audience Segmentation PDF Association for Information Science and Technology Annual Meeting 2017 ASIST2017 189 196 Alan Cooper The origin of personas Cooper Journal May 15 2008 Kim Goodwin Getting from research to personas harnessing the power of data Cooper Journal May 15 2008 Andrew Hinton Personas and the Role of Design Documentation Boxes and Arrow February 27th 2008 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Persona amp oldid 1152987855, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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