fbpx
Wikipedia

Paṭṭhāna

January 01, 1970

The Paṭṭhāna (Pali: paṭṭhāna, Sanskrit: prasthāna, Jñāna-prasthāna, Mahā-Pakaraṇa, Paṭṭhāna-Pakaraṇa, "Book of Causal Relationships")[1] is a Buddhist scripture. It is the seventh and final text of the Abhidhamma Pitaka ("Basket of Higher Doctrine"), which is one of the "Tripiṭaka-Three Baskets" of canonical Theravada Buddhist texts collectively known as the Pali Canon.

The Paṭṭhāna consists of three divisions (Eka, Duka, and Tīka). It provides a detailed examination of causal conditioning, (the Buddhist belief that causality — not a Creator deity — is the basis of existence), analyzing the 24 types of conditional relations (paccaya) in relation to the classifications in the matika of the Dhammasangani.[2] This book emphasizes the point that — apart from nirvana, which is absolute — all other phenomena are relative (dependently arisen) in one way or another.[1]

The Paṭṭhāna is the most popular paritta (protective text) in Myanmar.[3] In Burmese Buddhism, the scripture is ritually recited by monks and laypeople for protection, and Burmese Buddhists believe the Paṭṭhāna can guard against threats and dangers, please helpful gods, and ward off evil spirits.[3]

24 conditional relations edit

According to the Paṭṭhāna dhamma, all corporeal and mental phenomena are dependent upon some combination of 24 possible conditions. These conditions or paccayas are:[4]

  1. Root condition (hetu paccaya): lobha (attachment), alobha (anti-attachment), dosa (aggressiveness), adosa (anti-aggressiveness or embrace), moha (ignorance) and amoha (wisdom), by being the six root or primitive causes, give rise to all thoughts and feelings.[5]
  2. Object condition (ārammana paccaya): external objects and their effects, such as light and sounds, are ones of the causes of thoughts and feelings by stimulating a person's sensations.[5]
  3. Predominance condition (adhipati paccaya): a few mental aspects, such as wish (chanda) and motivation (vīrya), are believed to be possible dominant causes in Buddhist Psychology because each of them can profoundly dominate the rest of the mental aspects at one time.[6]
  4. Proximity condition (anantara paccaya): each step or process of a vithi, a mental procedure in Buddhist psychology, happens in order. One of such steps is a subsequent cause that give rise to a following one.[7]
  5. Contiguity condition (samanantara paccaya): this point is sort of emphasis of the continuity between two successive steps of a vithi.[8]
  6. Conascence condition (sahajāta paccaya): the Pali word saha means "together" and jata means "rise (into existence)." Interpretations of this point can be in two main versions. In the more straightforward one, the conditions that arise together and give rise to particular effects together are simultaneous causes. In the broader sense, according to Abhiddhamma, all the variety of physical or mental features are mere manifestations of a number of fundamental physical or mental principles, and hence all of the variety can be unified to a simple group just like the fundamental forces can be unified in electroweak interaction and Grand Unified Theory.[8]
  7. Mutuality condition (aññamañña paccaya): in Abhidhamma, some mental and physical phenomena are inter-supportive causes that can give rise to one another. The relationship of the change of a magnetic flux and that of an electric field could be a good example for this.[8]
  8. Support condition (nissaya paccaya): if one or more processes or phenomena is attributed to a particular cause no matter whether the causality is direct or indirect, that cause is, in Abhidhamma, regarded as a responsible cause.[9]
  9. Decisive support condition (upanissaya paccaya): the modifier upa (strong) is added to nissaya (support). There are 3 subconditions under decisive support condition or upanissaya paccaya. These are:[10]
    1. Decisive support by way of Object (ārammanupanissaya)
    2. Decisive support by way of Proximity (anantarupanissaya)
    3. Decisive support by way of Natural Condition (pakatupanissaya)
  10. Prenascence condition (purejāta paccaya): a condition that has risen into its existence before an effect that it gives rise to, it is a pre-existing cause.[11]
  11. Postnascence condition (pacchājāta paccaya): a condition that rises into its existence after a phenomenon that it later supports or maintains, it is a post-existing cause.[12]
  12. Frequency condition (āsevana paccaya)[12]
  13. Karma condition (kamma paccaya): in Theravada Buddhism, the correct meaning of karma is basically the same as agency in humanism, a purposeful action. If a particular process or phenomena of a person is purposeful enough to cause a consequence (vipāka), it is called a karma causes.[12]
  14. Karma-result or consequence condition (vipāka paccaya)[13]
  15. Nutriment condition (āhāra paccaya): nutrition that serves as fuel or raw material in physiology is nutritious causes.[13]
  16. Faculty condition (indriya paccaya)[13]
  17. Jhāna condition (jhāna paccaya): a relation specific to meditation attainments[14]
  18. Path condition (magga paccaya): a relation specific to the stages on the Buddhist path[15]
  19. Association condition (sampayutta paccaya)[15]
  20. Dissociation condition (vippayutta paccaya)[16]
  21. Presence condition (atthi paccaya)[16]
  22. Absence condition (natthi paccaya)[16]
  23. Disappearance condition (vigata paccaya)[17]
  24. Non-disappearance condition (avigata paccaya)[17]

All of these 24 conditions may in fact be reduced to only four conditions: Object (ārammana paccaya), Decisive support (upanissaya paccaya), Karma (kamma paccaya), and Presence (atthi paccaya).[4]

English translations edit

  • Conditional Relations, 1969-, in progress, 2 volumes so far tr U Narada, Pali Text Society, Bristol

References edit

  1. ^ a b Sarao 2017, pp. 881–883.
  2. ^ Ronkin 2014.
  3. ^ a b Crosby, Kate; Kyaw, Pyi Phyo (2022-10-19). "Practices of Protection in the Pali World". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.764. Retrieved 2023-03-01.
  4. ^ a b Mahathera 1983, p. 117.
  5. ^ a b Mahathera 1983, p. 118.
  6. ^ Mahathera 1983, pp. 118–119.
  7. ^ Mahathera 1983, p. 119.
  8. ^ a b c Mahathera 1983, p. 120.
  9. ^ Mahathera 1983, pp. 120–121.
  10. ^ Mahathera 1983, pp. 121–122.
  11. ^ Mahathera 1983, pp. 122–123.
  12. ^ a b c Mahathera 1983, p. 123.
  13. ^ a b c Mahathera 1983, p. 124.
  14. ^ Mahathera 1983, pp. 124–125.
  15. ^ a b Mahathera 1983, p. 125.
  16. ^ a b c Mahathera 1983, p. 126.
  17. ^ a b Mahathera 1983, p. 127.

Cited works edit

  • Mahathera, Nyanatiloka, ed. (1983). "VII: Paṭṭhāna". Guide Through the Abhidhamma-Pitaka (PDF) (4th ed.). Kandy, Ceylon: Buddhist Publication Society. p. 117.
  • Ronkin, Noa (2014). "Abhidharma". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  • Sarao, K.T.S. (2017). "Paṭṭhāna". In Sarao, K.T.S.; Long, Jeffery D. (eds.). Buddhism and Jainism. Encyclopedia of Indian Religions. Dordrecht: Springer Nature. pp. 881–883. doi:10.1007/978-94-024-0852-2_303. ISBN 978-9402408515.

External links edit

  • 'Patthana Dhamma' HTML E-book by Htoo Naing.
  • 'www.patthana.net' Canonical text of Patthana both in English and Pali, guides, lectures, and other materials.

January 01, 1970
paṭṭhāna, pali, paṭṭhāna, sanskrit, prasthāna, jñāna, prasthāna, mahā, pakaraṇa, pakaraṇa, book, causal, relationships, buddhist, scripture, seventh, final, text, abhidhamma, pitaka, basket, higher, doctrine, which, tripiṭaka, three, baskets, canonical, therav. The Paṭṭhana Pali paṭṭhana Sanskrit prasthana Jnana prasthana Maha Pakaraṇa Paṭṭhana Pakaraṇa Book of Causal Relationships 1 is a Buddhist scripture It is the seventh and final text of the Abhidhamma Pitaka Basket of Higher Doctrine which is one of the Tripiṭaka Three Baskets of canonical Theravada Buddhist texts collectively known as the Pali Canon The Paṭṭhana consists of three divisions Eka Duka and Tika It provides a detailed examination of causal conditioning the Buddhist belief that causality not a Creator deity is the basis of existence analyzing the 24 types of conditional relations paccaya in relation to the classifications in the matika of the Dhammasangani 2 This book emphasizes the point that apart from nirvana which is absolute all other phenomena are relative dependently arisen in one way or another 1 The Paṭṭhana is the most popular paritta protective text in Myanmar 3 In Burmese Buddhism the scripture is ritually recited by monks and laypeople for protection and Burmese Buddhists believe the Paṭṭhana can guard against threats and dangers please helpful gods and ward off evil spirits 3 Contents 1 24 conditional relations 2 English translations 3 References 4 Cited works 5 External links24 conditional relations editAccording to the Paṭṭhana dhamma all corporeal and mental phenomena are dependent upon some combination of 24 possible conditions These conditions or paccayas are 4 Root condition hetu paccaya lobha attachment alobha anti attachment dosa aggressiveness adosa anti aggressiveness or embrace moha ignorance and amoha wisdom by being the six root or primitive causes give rise to all thoughts and feelings 5 Object condition arammana paccaya external objects and their effects such as light and sounds are ones of the causes of thoughts and feelings by stimulating a person s sensations 5 Predominance condition adhipati paccaya a few mental aspects such as wish chanda and motivation virya are believed to be possible dominant causes in Buddhist Psychology because each of them can profoundly dominate the rest of the mental aspects at one time 6 Proximity condition anantara paccaya each step or process of a vithi a mental procedure in Buddhist psychology happens in order One of such steps is a subsequent cause that give rise to a following one 7 Contiguity condition samanantara paccaya this point is sort of emphasis of the continuity between two successive steps of a vithi 8 Conascence condition sahajata paccaya the Pali word saha means together and jata means rise into existence Interpretations of this point can be in two main versions In the more straightforward one the conditions that arise together and give rise to particular effects together are simultaneous causes In the broader sense according to Abhiddhamma all the variety of physical or mental features are mere manifestations of a number of fundamental physical or mental principles and hence all of the variety can be unified to a simple group just like the fundamental forces can be unified in electroweak interaction and Grand Unified Theory 8 Mutuality condition annamanna paccaya in Abhidhamma some mental and physical phenomena are inter supportive causes that can give rise to one another The relationship of the change of a magnetic flux and that of an electric field could be a good example for this 8 Support condition nissaya paccaya if one or more processes or phenomena is attributed to a particular cause no matter whether the causality is direct or indirect that cause is in Abhidhamma regarded as a responsible cause 9 Decisive support condition upanissaya paccaya the modifier upa strong is added to nissaya support There are 3 subconditions under decisive support condition or upanissaya paccaya These are 10 Decisive support by way of Object arammanupanissaya Decisive support by way of Proximity anantarupanissaya Decisive support by way of Natural Condition pakatupanissaya Prenascence condition purejata paccaya a condition that has risen into its existence before an effect that it gives rise to it is a pre existing cause 11 Postnascence condition pacchajata paccaya a condition that rises into its existence after a phenomenon that it later supports or maintains it is a post existing cause 12 Frequency condition asevana paccaya 12 Karma condition kamma paccaya in Theravada Buddhism the correct meaning of karma is basically the same as agency in humanism a purposeful action If a particular process or phenomena of a person is purposeful enough to cause a consequence vipaka it is called a karma causes 12 Karma result or consequence condition vipaka paccaya 13 Nutriment condition ahara paccaya nutrition that serves as fuel or raw material in physiology is nutritious causes 13 Faculty condition indriya paccaya 13 Jhana condition jhana paccaya a relation specific to meditation attainments 14 Path condition magga paccaya a relation specific to the stages on the Buddhist path 15 Association condition sampayutta paccaya 15 Dissociation condition vippayutta paccaya 16 Presence condition atthi paccaya 16 Absence condition natthi paccaya 16 Disappearance condition vigata paccaya 17 Non disappearance condition avigata paccaya 17 All of these 24 conditions may in fact be reduced to only four conditions Object arammana paccaya Decisive support upanissaya paccaya Karma kamma paccaya and Presence atthi paccaya 4 English translations editConditional Relations 1969 in progress 2 volumes so far tr U Narada Pali Text Society BristolReferences edit a b Sarao 2017 pp 881 883 Ronkin 2014 a b Crosby Kate Kyaw Pyi Phyo 2022 10 19 Practices of Protection in the Pali World Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion doi 10 1093 acrefore 9780199340378 013 764 Retrieved 2023 03 01 a b Mahathera 1983 p 117 a b Mahathera 1983 p 118 Mahathera 1983 pp 118 119 Mahathera 1983 p 119 a b c Mahathera 1983 p 120 Mahathera 1983 pp 120 121 Mahathera 1983 pp 121 122 Mahathera 1983 pp 122 123 a b c Mahathera 1983 p 123 a b c Mahathera 1983 p 124 Mahathera 1983 pp 124 125 a b Mahathera 1983 p 125 a b c Mahathera 1983 p 126 a b Mahathera 1983 p 127 Cited works editMahathera Nyanatiloka ed 1983 VII Paṭṭhana Guide Through the Abhidhamma Pitaka PDF 4th ed Kandy Ceylon Buddhist Publication Society p 117 Ronkin Noa 2014 Abhidharma In Zalta Edward N ed The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Sarao K T S 2017 Paṭṭhana In Sarao K T S Long Jeffery D eds Buddhism and Jainism Encyclopedia of Indian Religions Dordrecht Springer Nature pp 881 883 doi 10 1007 978 94 024 0852 2 303 ISBN 978 9402408515 External links edit Patthana Dhamma HTML E book by Htoo Naing www patthana net Canonical text of Patthana both in English and Pali guides lectures and other materials Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Paṭṭhana amp oldid 1217393638, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.