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Vietnamese Martyrs

January 01, 1970

Vietnamese Martyrs (Vietnamese: Các Thánh Tử đạo Việt Nam; French: Martyrs du Viêt Nam), or in the current Roman Missal as Saint Andrew Dung-Lac and Companions (Vietnamese: Anrê Dũng-Lạc và các bạn tử đạo), also known as the Martyrs of Annam, Martyrs of Tonkin and Cochinchina, collectively Martyrs of Indochina, are saints on the General Roman Calendar who were canonized by Pope John Paul II. On June 19, 1988, thousands of Overseas Vietnamese worldwide gathered at the Vatican for the Celebration of the Canonization of 117 Vietnamese Martyrs, an event chaired by Monsignor Trần Văn Hoài.[2] Their memorial is on November 24 (although many of these saints have a second memorial, having been beatified and were inscribed on the local calendar prior to the canonization of the group).

Martyrs of Vietnam
Died1745–1862, present-day Vietnam
Martyred byVietnamese rulers (Revival Lê, Tây Sơn and Nguyễn dynasties)
Means of martyrdomvaries (from dying in prison to death by a thousand cuts)
Venerated inCatholic Church
Beatified
CanonizedJune 19, 1988, Vatican City, by Pope John Paul II
Major shrineBasilica of the Immaculate Conception (Sở Kiện), Hà Nam, Vietnam
FeastNovember 24
33rd Sunday of Ordinary Time (Vietnam)
First Sunday of September (General Roman Calendar of 1960)[1]
PatronageVietnam

History edit

The Vatican estimates the number of Vietnamese martyrs at between 130,000 and 300,000.[3] John Paul II decided to canonize both those whose names are known and unknown, giving them a single feast day.

The Vietnamese Martyrs fall into several groupings: those of the Dominican and Jesuit missionary era of the 18th century and those killed in the politically inspired persecutions of the 19th century. A representative sample of only 117 martyrs—including 96 Vietnamese, 11 Spanish Dominicans, and ten French members of the Paris Foreign Missions Society (Missions Etrangères de Paris (MEP))—were beatified on four separate occasions: 64 by Pope Leo XIII on May 27, 1900; eight by Pope Pius X on May 20, 1906; 20 by Pope Pius X on May 2, 1909; and 25 by Pope Pius XII on April 29, 1951.[citation needed] All 117 of these Vietnamese Martyrs were canonized on June 19, 1988.[4] A young Vietnamese Martyr, Andrew of Phú Yên, was beatified in March 2000, by Pope John Paul II.

 
Vietnamese martyrs Paul Mi, Pierre Duong, Pierre Truat, martyred on 18 December 1838

The tortures these individuals underwent are considered by the Vatican to be among the worst in the history of Christian martyrdom. The torturers hacked off limbs joint by joint, tore flesh with red hot tongs, and used drugs to enslave the minds of the victims. Christians at the time were branded on the face with the words "tả đạo" (左道, lit. "Left (Sinister) religion")[5] and families and villages which subscribed to Christianity were obliterated.[6]

The letters and example of Théophane Vénard inspired the young Saint Thérèse of Lisieux to volunteer for the Carmelite nunnery at Hanoi, though she ultimately contracted tuberculosis and could not go. In 1865 Vénard's body was transferred to his Congregation's church in Paris, but his head remains in Vietnam.[7]

There are several Catholic parishes in the United States, Canada, and elsewhere dedicated to the Martyrs of Vietnam (Holy Martyrs of Vietnam Parishes), one of the largest of which is located in Arlington, Texas, in the Dallas-Fort Worth area.[8] Others can be found in Houston and Austin, Texas,[9] Denver, Seattle, San Antonio,[10] Arlington, Virginia; Richmond, Virginia; and Norcross, Georgia. There are also churches named after individual saints, such as St. Philippe Minh Church in Saint Boniface, Manitoba.[11]

The Nguyễn Campaign against Catholicism in the 19th century edit

The Catholic Church in Vietnam was devastated during the Tây Sơn rebellion in the late 18th century. During the turmoil, the missions revived, however, as a result of cooperation between the French Vicar Apostolic Pigneaux de Behaine and Nguyen Anh. After Nguyen's victory in 1802, he was grateful for the assistance received and ensured protection for missionary activities. However, only a few years into the new emperor's reign, there was growing antipathy among officials against Catholicism and missionaries reported that it was purely for political reasons that their presence was tolerated.[12] Tolerance continued until the death of the emperor and the new emperor, Minh Mang, succeeding to the throne in 1820.

Converts began to be harassed by local governments without official edicts in the late 1820s. In 1831, the emperor passed new laws on regulations for religious groupings in Viet Nam, and Catholicism was then officially prohibited. In 1832, the first act occurred in a largely Catholic village near Hue, with the entire community being incarcerated and sent into exile in Cambodia. In January 1833, a new kingdom-wide edict was passed calling on Vietnamese subjects to reject the religion of Jesus and required suspected Catholics to demonstrate their renunciation by walking on a wooden cross. Actual violence against Catholics, however, did not occur until the Lê Văn Khôi revolt.[12]

During the rebellion, a young French missionary priest, Joseph Marchand, was sick and residing in the rebel citadel of Gia Dinh. In October 1833, an officer of the emperor reported to the court that a foreign Christian religious leader was present in the citadel. This news was used to justify the edicts against Catholicism and led to the first executions of missionaries in over 40 years. The first executed was named Francois Gagelin. Marchand was eventually captured and executed as a "rebel leader" in 1835; he was put to death by "slow slicing." [12] Further repressive measures were introduced in the wake of this episode in 1836. Before 1836, village heads had only to report to local mandarins about how their subjects had recanted Catholicism. However, after 1836, officials could visit villages and force all the villagers to line up one by one to trample on a cross, and if a community was suspected of harboring a missionary, militia could block off the village gates and perform a rigorous search; if a missionary was found, collective punishment could be meted out to the entire community.[12]

Missionaries and Catholic communities were able to escape punishment through bribery of officials on occasion; they were also sometimes victims of extortion attempts by people who demanded money under the threat that they would report the villages and missionaries to the authorities.[12] The missionary Father Pierre Duclos said:

with gold bars murder and theft blossom among honest people.[12]

The court became more aware of the problem of the failure to enforce the laws and applied greater pressure on its officials to act; officials who failed to act or those tho who were seen to be acting too slowly were demoted or removed from office (and sometimes were given severe corporal punishment), while those who attacked and killed the Christians could receive promotion or other rewards. Lower officials or younger family members of officials were sometimes tasked with secretly going through villages to report on hidden missionaries or Catholics who had not apostatized.[12]

The first missionary arrested during this (and later executed) was the priest Jean-Charles Cornay in 1837. A military campaign was conducted in Nam Dinh after letters were discovered in a shipwrecked vessel bound for Macao. Quang Tri and Quang Binh officials captured several priests along with the French missionary Bishop Pierre Dumoulin-Borie in 1838 (who was executed). The court translator, Francois Jaccard, a Catholic who had been kept as a prisoner for years and was extremely valuable to the court, was executed in late 1838; the official who was tasked with this execution, however, was almost immediately dismissed.[12]

A priest, Father Ignatius Delgado, was captured in the village of Can Lao (Nam Định Province), put in a cage on public display for ridicule and abuse, and died of hunger and exposure while waiting for execution; [1] the officer and soldiers that captured him were greatly rewarded (about 3 kg of silver was distributed out to all of them), as were the villagers that had helped to turn him over to the authorities.[12] The bishop Dominic Henares was found in Giao Thuy district of Nam Dinh (later executed); the villagers and soldiers that participated in his arrest were also greatly rewarded (about 3 kg of silver distributed). The priest, Father Joseph Fernandez, and a local priest, Nguyen Ba Tuan, were captured in Kim Song, Nam Dinh; the provincial officials were promoted, the peasants who turned them over were given about 3 kg of silver and other rewards were distributed. In July 1838, a demoted governor attempting to win back his place did so successfully by capturing the priest Father Dang Dinh Vien in Yen Dung, Bac Ninh province. (Vien was executed). In 1839, the same official captured two more priests: Father Dinh Viet Du and Father Nguyen Van Xuyen (also both executed).[12]

In Nhu Ly near Hue, an elderly Catholic doctor named Simon Hoa was captured and executed. He had been sheltering a missionary named Charles Delamotte, whom the villagers had pleaded with him to send away. The village was also supposed to erect a shrine for the state-cult, which the doctor also opposed. His status and age protected him from being arrested until 1840 when he was put on trial, and the judge pleaded (due to his status in Vietnamese society as both an elder and a doctor) with him to publicly recant; when he refused, he was publicly executed.[12]

A peculiar episode occurred in late 1839, when a village in Quang Ngai province called Phuoc Lam was victimized by four men who extorted cash from the villagers under threat of reporting the Christian presence to the authorities. The governor of the province had a Catholic nephew who told him about what happened, and the governor then found the four men (caught smoking opium) and had two executed as well as two exiled. When a Catholic lay leader then came to the governor to offer their gratitude (thus perhaps exposing what the governor had done), the governor told him that those who had come to die for their religion should now prepare themselves and leave something for their wives and children; when news of the whole episode came out, the governor was removed from office for incompetence.[12]

Many officials preferred to avoid execution because of the threat to social order and harmony it represented, and resorted to use of threats or torture in order to force Catholics to recant. Many villagers were executed alongside priests according to mission reports. The emperor died in 1841, and this offered respite for Catholics. However, some persecution still continued after the new emperor took office. Catholic villages were forced to build shrines to the state cult. The missionary Father Pierre Duclos (quoted above) died in prison in after being captured on the Saigon river in June 1846. The boat he was traveling in, unfortunately contained the money that was set for the annual bribes of various officials (up to 1/3 of the annual donated French mission budget for Cochinchina was officially allocated to 'special needs') in order to prevent more arrests and persecutions of the converts; therefore, after his arrest, the officials then began wide searches and cracked down on the Catholic communities in their jurisdictions. The amount of money that the French mission societies were able to raise made the missionaries a lucrative target for officials that wanted cash, which could even surpass what the imperial court was offering in rewards. This created a cycle of extortion and bribery which lasted for years.[12]

List of Vietnamese Martyrs edit

Those whose names are known are listed below:[13]

Causes being promoted edit

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Chúa Nhật đầu tiên tháng 9 - Các Thánh Tử Vì Đạo Nước Việt-Nam". Thánh Lễ Misa Cổ Truyền - Usus Antiquior. Tumblr. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  2. ^ D'Emilio, Frances (1988). "Pope Canonizes 117 Saints Martyred in Vietnam In Largest Such Ceremony". AP News. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  3. ^ "LA CHIESA NEL VIET-NAM FECONDATA DAL SANGUE DEI MARTIRI". La Santa Sede. Vatican See. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  4. ^ Crossette, Barbara (1988). "SAINTHOOD FOR 117 OUTRAGES VIETNAM". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  5. ^ Les Missions Etrangeres, p. 291
  6. ^ Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. ISBN 0-14-051312-4.
  7. ^ St. Andrew Dung-Lac and his 116 companions, Attwater dk, Farmer, Lodi, Butler, Den katolske kirke (Catholic Church in Norway)
  8. ^ "Largest U.S. Catholic Vietnamese Church Dedication Set in Arlington" (PDF). Catholic Diocese of Fort Worth. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  9. ^ Holy Vietnamese Martyrs Catholic Church, Yager Lane, Austin, TX
  10. ^ Vietnamese Martyrs Catholic Parish, Holbrook Rd, San Antonio, Texas
  11. ^ Archdiocese of Saint Boniface web-site, Parishes Chaplaincies and Stations, St. Philippe Minh Church, Winnipeg
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Jacob Ramsay. "Extortion and Exploitation in the Nguyên Campaign against Catholicism in 1830s–1840s Vietnam". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 35, No. 2 (June 2004), pp. 311–328.
  13. ^ "LA CHIESA NEL VIET-NAM FECONDATA DAL SANGUE DEI MARTIRI". La Santa Sede. Vatican See. Retrieved 24 December 2021.

References edit

  • Les Missions Etrangères. Trois siecles et demi d'histoire et d'aventure en Asie, Editions Perrin, 2008, ISBN 978-2-262-02571-7
  • St. Andrew Dung-Lac & Martyrs, by Father Robert F. McNamara, Saints Alive and All God's Children Copyright 1980–2010 Rev. Robert F. McNamara and St. Thomas the Apostle Church.
  • Vietnamese Martyr Teaches Quiet Lessons, by Judy Ball, an AmericanCatholic.org Web site from the Franciscans and St. Anthony Messenger Press.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Vietnamese Martyrs at Wikimedia Commons
  • "Saints and Blesseds of Vietnam" at GCatholic

January 01, 1970
vietnamese, martyrs, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, vietnamese, click, show, important, translation, instructions, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, translate, useful, starting, point, translations, . You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Vietnamese Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Vietnamese Wikipedia article at vi Cac thanh tử đạo Việt Nam see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated vi Cac thanh tử đạo Việt Nam to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Vietnamese Martyrs Vietnamese Cac Thanh Tử đạo Việt Nam French Martyrs du Viet Nam or in the current Roman Missal as Saint Andrew Dung Lac and Companions Vietnamese Anre Dũng Lạc va cac bạn tử đạo also known as the Martyrs of Annam Martyrs of Tonkin and Cochinchina collectively Martyrs of Indochina are saints on the General Roman Calendar who were canonized by Pope John Paul II On June 19 1988 thousands of Overseas Vietnamese worldwide gathered at the Vatican for the Celebration of the Canonization of 117 Vietnamese Martyrs an event chaired by Monsignor Trần Văn Hoai 2 Their memorial is on November 24 although many of these saints have a second memorial having been beatified and were inscribed on the local calendar prior to the canonization of the group Martyrs of VietnamDied1745 1862 present day VietnamMartyred byVietnamese rulers Revival Le Tay Sơn and Nguyễn dynasties Means of martyrdomvaries from dying in prison to death by a thousand cuts Venerated inCatholic ChurchBeatifiedMay 27 1900 by Pope Leo XIIIMay 20 1906 amp May 2 1909 by Pope Pius XApril 29 1951 by Pope Pius XIICanonizedJune 19 1988 Vatican City by Pope John Paul IIMajor shrineBasilica of the Immaculate Conception Sở Kiện Ha Nam VietnamFeastNovember 24 33rd Sunday of Ordinary Time Vietnam First Sunday of September General Roman Calendar of 1960 1 PatronageVietnam Contents 1 History 2 The Nguyễn Campaign against Catholicism in the 19th century 3 List of Vietnamese Martyrs 4 Causes being promoted 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksHistory editThe Vatican estimates the number of Vietnamese martyrs at between 130 000 and 300 000 3 John Paul II decided to canonize both those whose names are known and unknown giving them a single feast day The Vietnamese Martyrs fall into several groupings those of the Dominican and Jesuit missionary era of the 18th century and those killed in the politically inspired persecutions of the 19th century A representative sample of only 117 martyrs including 96 Vietnamese 11 Spanish Dominicans and ten French members of the Paris Foreign Missions Society Missions Etrangeres de Paris MEP were beatified on four separate occasions 64 by Pope Leo XIII on May 27 1900 eight by Pope Pius X on May 20 1906 20 by Pope Pius X on May 2 1909 and 25 by Pope Pius XII on April 29 1951 citation needed All 117 of these Vietnamese Martyrs were canonized on June 19 1988 4 A young Vietnamese Martyr Andrew of Phu Yen was beatified in March 2000 by Pope John Paul II nbsp Vietnamese martyrs Paul Mi Pierre Duong Pierre Truat martyred on 18 December 1838 The tortures these individuals underwent are considered by the Vatican to be among the worst in the history of Christian martyrdom The torturers hacked off limbs joint by joint tore flesh with red hot tongs and used drugs to enslave the minds of the victims Christians at the time were branded on the face with the words tả đạo 左道 lit Left Sinister religion 5 and families and villages which subscribed to Christianity were obliterated 6 The letters and example of Theophane Venard inspired the young Saint Therese of Lisieux to volunteer for the Carmelite nunnery at Hanoi though she ultimately contracted tuberculosis and could not go In 1865 Venard s body was transferred to his Congregation s church in Paris but his head remains in Vietnam 7 There are several Catholic parishes in the United States Canada and elsewhere dedicated to the Martyrs of Vietnam Holy Martyrs of Vietnam Parishes one of the largest of which is located in Arlington Texas in the Dallas Fort Worth area 8 Others can be found in Houston and Austin Texas 9 Denver Seattle San Antonio 10 Arlington Virginia Richmond Virginia and Norcross Georgia There are also churches named after individual saints such as St Philippe Minh Church in Saint Boniface Manitoba 11 The Nguyễn Campaign against Catholicism in the 19th century editThe Catholic Church in Vietnam was devastated during the Tay Sơn rebellion in the late 18th century During the turmoil the missions revived however as a result of cooperation between the French Vicar Apostolic Pigneaux de Behaine and Nguyen Anh After Nguyen s victory in 1802 he was grateful for the assistance received and ensured protection for missionary activities However only a few years into the new emperor s reign there was growing antipathy among officials against Catholicism and missionaries reported that it was purely for political reasons that their presence was tolerated 12 Tolerance continued until the death of the emperor and the new emperor Minh Mang succeeding to the throne in 1820 Converts began to be harassed by local governments without official edicts in the late 1820s In 1831 the emperor passed new laws on regulations for religious groupings in Viet Nam and Catholicism was then officially prohibited In 1832 the first act occurred in a largely Catholic village near Hue with the entire community being incarcerated and sent into exile in Cambodia In January 1833 a new kingdom wide edict was passed calling on Vietnamese subjects to reject the religion of Jesus and required suspected Catholics to demonstrate their renunciation by walking on a wooden cross Actual violence against Catholics however did not occur until the Le Văn Khoi revolt 12 During the rebellion a young French missionary priest Joseph Marchand was sick and residing in the rebel citadel of Gia Dinh In October 1833 an officer of the emperor reported to the court that a foreign Christian religious leader was present in the citadel This news was used to justify the edicts against Catholicism and led to the first executions of missionaries in over 40 years The first executed was named Francois Gagelin Marchand was eventually captured and executed as a rebel leader in 1835 he was put to death by slow slicing 12 Further repressive measures were introduced in the wake of this episode in 1836 Before 1836 village heads had only to report to local mandarins about how their subjects had recanted Catholicism However after 1836 officials could visit villages and force all the villagers to line up one by one to trample on a cross and if a community was suspected of harboring a missionary militia could block off the village gates and perform a rigorous search if a missionary was found collective punishment could be meted out to the entire community 12 Missionaries and Catholic communities were able to escape punishment through bribery of officials on occasion they were also sometimes victims of extortion attempts by people who demanded money under the threat that they would report the villages and missionaries to the authorities 12 The missionary Father Pierre Duclos said with gold bars murder and theft blossom among honest people 12 The court became more aware of the problem of the failure to enforce the laws and applied greater pressure on its officials to act officials who failed to act or those tho who were seen to be acting too slowly were demoted or removed from office and sometimes were given severe corporal punishment while those who attacked and killed the Christians could receive promotion or other rewards Lower officials or younger family members of officials were sometimes tasked with secretly going through villages to report on hidden missionaries or Catholics who had not apostatized 12 The first missionary arrested during this and later executed was the priest Jean Charles Cornay in 1837 A military campaign was conducted in Nam Dinh after letters were discovered in a shipwrecked vessel bound for Macao Quang Tri and Quang Binh officials captured several priests along with the French missionary Bishop Pierre Dumoulin Borie in 1838 who was executed The court translator Francois Jaccard a Catholic who had been kept as a prisoner for years and was extremely valuable to the court was executed in late 1838 the official who was tasked with this execution however was almost immediately dismissed 12 A priest Father Ignatius Delgado was captured in the village of Can Lao Nam Định Province put in a cage on public display for ridicule and abuse and died of hunger and exposure while waiting for execution 1 the officer and soldiers that captured him were greatly rewarded about 3 kg of silver was distributed out to all of them as were the villagers that had helped to turn him over to the authorities 12 The bishop Dominic Henares was found in Giao Thuy district of Nam Dinh later executed the villagers and soldiers that participated in his arrest were also greatly rewarded about 3 kg of silver distributed The priest Father Joseph Fernandez and a local priest Nguyen Ba Tuan were captured in Kim Song Nam Dinh the provincial officials were promoted the peasants who turned them over were given about 3 kg of silver and other rewards were distributed In July 1838 a demoted governor attempting to win back his place did so successfully by capturing the priest Father Dang Dinh Vien in Yen Dung Bac Ninh province Vien was executed In 1839 the same official captured two more priests Father Dinh Viet Du and Father Nguyen Van Xuyen also both executed 12 In Nhu Ly near Hue an elderly Catholic doctor named Simon Hoa was captured and executed He had been sheltering a missionary named Charles Delamotte whom the villagers had pleaded with him to send away The village was also supposed to erect a shrine for the state cult which the doctor also opposed His status and age protected him from being arrested until 1840 when he was put on trial and the judge pleaded due to his status in Vietnamese society as both an elder and a doctor with him to publicly recant when he refused he was publicly executed 12 A peculiar episode occurred in late 1839 when a village in Quang Ngai province called Phuoc Lam was victimized by four men who extorted cash from the villagers under threat of reporting the Christian presence to the authorities The governor of the province had a Catholic nephew who told him about what happened and the governor then found the four men caught smoking opium and had two executed as well as two exiled When a Catholic lay leader then came to the governor to offer their gratitude thus perhaps exposing what the governor had done the governor told him that those who had come to die for their religion should now prepare themselves and leave something for their wives and children when news of the whole episode came out the governor was removed from office for incompetence 12 Many officials preferred to avoid execution because of the threat to social order and harmony it represented and resorted to use of threats or torture in order to force Catholics to recant Many villagers were executed alongside priests according to mission reports The emperor died in 1841 and this offered respite for Catholics However some persecution still continued after the new emperor took office Catholic villages were forced to build shrines to the state cult The missionary Father Pierre Duclos quoted above died in prison in after being captured on the Saigon river in June 1846 The boat he was traveling in unfortunately contained the money that was set for the annual bribes of various officials up to 1 3 of the annual donated French mission budget for Cochinchina was officially allocated to special needs in order to prevent more arrests and persecutions of the converts therefore after his arrest the officials then began wide searches and cracked down on the Catholic communities in their jurisdictions The amount of money that the French mission societies were able to raise made the missionaries a lucrative target for officials that wanted cash which could even surpass what the imperial court was offering in rewards This created a cycle of extortion and bribery which lasted for years 12 List of Vietnamese Martyrs editThose whose names are known are listed below 13 Andrew Dung Lac An Tran Vietnamese priest Andrew Thong Kim Nguyen layman Andrew Trong Van Tran layman and soldier Andrew Tuong Manh Nguyen layman Anthony Dich Tien Nguyen layman Anthony Quynh Huu Nguyen layman and doctor Agnes Thanh De Thi Le laywoman Augustin Schoeffler MEP French priest Augustine Huy Viet Phan layman and soldier Augustine Moi Van Nguyen layman Bernard Vũ Văn Duệ Vietnamese priest Celement Ignatius Delgado Y OP Spanish bishop Dominic Cam Van Nguyen Vietnamese priest Dominic Dat Dinh layman and soldier Dominic Hanh Van Nguyen OP Vietnamese priest Dominic Henares Minh Spanish bishop Dominic Huyen Van Tran layman and fisherman Dominic Kham Trong Pham layman and local judge Dominic Mau Duc Dinh Vietnamese priest Dominic Mao Duc Nguyen layman Dominic Nhi Duc Nguyen layman Dominic Ninh Duy Tran layman Dominic Nguyen Huy Nguyen layman Dominic Toai Van Tran layman and fisherman Dominic Trach Doai Duc Vu OP Vietnamese priest Dominic Tuoc Dinh Vu OP Vietnamese priest Dominic Uy Van Bui catechist Dominic Xuyen Van Nguyen OP Vietnamese priest Emmanuel Phung Van Le layman Emmanuel Trieu Van Nguyen Vietnamese priest Francis Chieu Van Do catechist Francis Gil de Frederich Te OP Spanish priest Francis Isidore Gagelin Kinh MEP French priest Francis Jaccard Phan MEP French priest Francis Trung Van Tran layman and military officer Francis Xavier Can Nguyen catechist Francis Xavier Mau Trong Ha catechist Hyacinth Casteneda Gia OP Spanish priest James Nam Mai Do Vietnamese priest Jean Charles Cornay MEP French priest Jerome Hermosilla OP Spanish bishop John Dat Viet Doan Vietnamese priest John Hoan Trinh Doan Vietnamese priest John Louis Bonnard Huong MEP French priest John Baptist Con Ngoc Tran layman John Baptist Thanh Van Dinh catechist Joseph Mary Diaz Sanjurjo OP Spanish bishop Joseph Canh Luong Hoang layman and doctor Joseph Fernandez de Ventosa OP Spanish priest Joseph Hien Quang Do OP Vietnamese priest Joseph Khang Duy Nguyen catechist Joseph Luu Van Nguyen layman Joseph Marchand MEP French priest Joseph Nghi Kim Dinh Nguyen Vietnamese priest Joseph Thi Dang Le layman and military officer Joseph Uyen Dinh Nguyen Vietnamese priest Joseph Vien Dinh Dang Vietnamese priest Joseph Ta Trong Pham layman and governor Joseph Tuc Quang Pham layman Joseph Tuan Van Tran OP Vietnamese priest Joseph Tuan Van Tran layman Lawrence Ngon Viet Pham layman and soldier Lawrence Huong Van Nguyen Vietnamese priest Luke Loan Ba Vu Vietnamese priest Luke Thin Trong Pham layman and governor Martin Tho Ngoc Tran layman Martin Thinh Duc Ta Vietnamese priest Matthew Alonzo Leciniana Dau OP Spanish priest Matthew Phuong Dac Van Nguyen layman Matthew Gam Van Le layman and merchant Melchior Garcia Sampedro OP Spanish bishop Michael Hy Dinh Ho layman and court mandarin Michael My Huy Nguyen layman Nicholas The Duc Bui layman and soldier Paul Buong Viet Tong layman and military officer Paul Duong Dong Van Vu layman Paul Hanh Van Tran layman Paul Khoan Khac Pham Vietnamese priest Paul Loc Van Le Vietnamese priest Paul My Van Nguyen catechist Paul Ngan Nguyen Vietnamese priest Paul Tinh Bao Le Vietnamese priest Peter Almato OP Spanish priest Peter Thuan Van Dinh layman Peter Dung Van Dinh layman Peter Da Huu Phan layman and carpenter Peter Duong Van Truong catechist Peter Francis Neron MEP French priest Peter Hieu Van Nguyen catechist Peter Khanh Hoang Vietnamese priest Peter Khoa Dang Vu Vietnamese priest Peter Luu Van Nguyen Vietnamese priest Peter Qui Cong Doan Vietnamese priest Peter Thi Van Truong Vietnamese priest Peter Truat Van Vu catechist Peter Tu Van Nguyen OP Vietnamese priest Peter Tu Khac Nguyen catechist Peter Tuan Ba Nguyen Vietnamese priest Peter Tuy Le Vietnamese priest Peter Van Van Doan catechist Philip Minh Van Phan Vietnamese priest Pierre Dumoulin Borie MEP French bishop Simon Hoa Dac Phan layman and doctor Stephen Theodore Cuenot The MEP French bishop Stephen Vinh Van Nguyen layman Theophane Venard MEP French priest Thomas De Van Nguyen layman Thomas Du Viet Dinh Vietnamese priest Thomas Thien Van Tran seminarian Thomas Toan Dinh Dao catechist Thomas Khuong Tuc Ngo Vietnamese priest Valentine Berriochoa OP Spanish bishop Vincent Phạm Hiếu Liem Vicente Liem de la Paz OP Vietnamese priest Vincent Duong Van Pham layman Vincent Diem The Nguyen Vietnamese priest Vincent Tuong Manh Nguyen layman and local judge Vincent Yen Do OP Vietnamese priest nbsp Martyrdom of Joseph Marchand 1835 nbsp Martyrdom of Saint Pierre Borie 24 November 1838 Tonkin Vietnam nbsp Martyrdom of Jean Charles Cornay in 1837 nbsp Theophane Venard in chains martyred in 1861Causes being promoted editBlessed Andrew of Phu Yen catechist Servant of God Francois Xavier Truong Buu Diep Vietnamese priest Servant of God Marcel Nguyễn Tan Văn CSsR Religious brother Venerable Phanxico Xavie Nguyễn Văn Thuận CardinalSee also editCatholic Church in Vietnam Vietnamese Martyrs patron saint archiveNotes edit Chua Nhật đầu tien thang 9 Cac Thanh Tử Vi Đạo Nước Việt Nam Thanh Lễ Misa Cổ Truyền Usus Antiquior Tumblr Retrieved 24 December 2021 D Emilio Frances 1988 Pope Canonizes 117 Saints Martyred in Vietnam In Largest Such Ceremony AP News Retrieved 11 March 2023 LA CHIESA NEL VIET NAM FECONDATA DAL SANGUE DEI MARTIRI La Santa Sede Vatican See Retrieved 24 December 2021 Crossette Barbara 1988 SAINTHOOD FOR 117 OUTRAGES VIETNAM The New York Times Retrieved 11 March 2023 Les Missions Etrangeres p 291 Attwater Donald and Catherine Rachel John The Penguin Dictionary of Saints 3rd edition New York Penguin Books 1993 ISBN 0 14 051312 4 St Andrew Dung Lac and his 116 companions Attwater dk Farmer Lodi Butler Den katolske kirke Catholic Church in Norway Largest U S Catholic Vietnamese Church Dedication Set in Arlington PDF Catholic Diocese of Fort Worth Retrieved 30 May 2024 Holy Vietnamese Martyrs Catholic Church Yager Lane Austin TX Vietnamese Martyrs Catholic Parish Holbrook Rd San Antonio Texas Archdiocese of Saint Boniface web site Parishes Chaplaincies and Stations St Philippe Minh Church Winnipeg a b c d e f g h i j k l m Jacob Ramsay Extortion and Exploitation in the Nguyen Campaign against Catholicism in 1830s 1840s Vietnam Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Vol 35 No 2 June 2004 pp 311 328 LA CHIESA NEL VIET NAM FECONDATA DAL SANGUE DEI MARTIRI La Santa Sede Vatican See Retrieved 24 December 2021 References editLes Missions Etrangeres Trois siecles et demi d histoire et d aventure en Asie Editions Perrin 2008 ISBN 978 2 262 02571 7 St Andrew Dung Lac amp Martyrs by Father Robert F McNamara Saints Alive and All God s Children Copyright 1980 2010 Rev Robert F McNamara and St Thomas the Apostle Church Vietnamese Martyr Teaches Quiet Lessons by Judy Ball an AmericanCatholic org Web site from the Franciscans and St Anthony Messenger Press External links edit nbsp Media related to Vietnamese Martyrs at Wikimedia Commons Saints and Blesseds of Vietnam at GCatholic Portals nbsp Biography nbsp Catholicism nbsp Vietnam nbsp Saints Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vietnamese Martyrs amp oldid 1226747707, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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