Pakse
Pakse (or Pakxe; French: Paksé; Laotian: ປາກເຊ [pȁːk séː] 'mouth of the river'; Thai: ปากเซ) is the capital and most populous city of the southern Laotian province of Champasak. Located at the confluence of the Xe Don and Mekong Rivers, the district had a population of approximately 77,900 at the 2015 Laotian census.[1] Pakse was the capital of the Kingdom of Champasak until it was unified with the rest of Laos in 1946.
Pakse ປາກເຊ | |
|---|---|
| Pakse District | |
Champasak Palace Hotel, Pakse, formerly the palace of Prince Boun Oum Na Champassak | |
Pakse Location in Laos | |
| Coordinates: 15°07′N 105°47′E / 15.117°N 105.783°E | |
| Country | Laos |
| Province | Champasak province |
| District | Pakse district |
| Population (2015) | |
| • Total | 77,900 |
| • Religions | Buddhism |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (ICT) |
History edit
The French established an administrative outpost in Pakse in 1905. The city was the capital of the Lao Kingdom of Champasak until 1946 when the Kingdom of Laos was formed. After the Franco-Thai war the French ceded Preah Vihear Province, formerly belonging to the French protectorate of Cambodia, as well as the part of Champasak Province located on the other side of the Mekong river from Pakse, which had been part of Laos, to Thailand.[2]
The city served as the primary seat and residence to Prince Boun Oum Na Champassak, an important figure in the Laotian Civil War. The prince began the construction of Champasak Palace, but fled in 1974 before it could be completed. The town fell to Pathet Lao forces in May 1975. After 1975, Pakse acquired substantial economic importance in the region. The construction of a bridge over the Mekong, built with Japanese aid, allows road traffic with Ubon Ratchathani in Thailand and has further connected the city to neighbouring countries.
Demographics edit
In 1943, 62% of the population of Pakse were Vietnamese.[3] Today, Pakse is home to many ethnic Chinese.
Religion edit
The population is predominantly Buddhist and the city has several temples. These include: Wat Luang, which was built in 1935 and is the largest temple in Pakse, and the Chinese temple Wat Sopsé.[4] Pakse is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Paksé led by Cardinal Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun.
Culture edit
The city is the location of the Champasak Provincial Museum, which is a repository of historical documents and artifacts from the province.
Infrastructure edit
Health edit
There are two hospitals in the city. One is the second largest in Laos, but many citizens travel across the border to Thailand as Thai hospitals are better equipped.[5] There is a high risk of malaria and dengue fever during the monsoon season.
Transportation edit
Road edit
Pakse is on National Road 13, the main transportation highway of Laos. It has bridges over the Xe Don, the French and the Russian Bridges, and one bridge over the Mekong River, the Lao Nippon Bridge, one of only five bridges over the Mekong in Laos. Pakse is the gateway to the Bolaven Plateau, as well as to the southern provinces of Salavan, Sekong, and Attapeu.
Air edit
It is served by Pakse International Airport. Pakse Airport construction was completed on 2 November 2009,[6] resuming flights to Vientiane, Siem Reap, Ho Chi Minh City and Bangkok.
Climate edit
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Pakse has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw) with very warm temperatures throughout the year. Temperatures are especially high in the months before the monsoon season (March–April). There is a distinct wet season (April–October) and dry season (November–March).[7]
| Climate data for Pakse (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36.7 (98.1) | 38.8 (101.8) | 38.9 (102.0) | 41.0 (105.8) | 41.3 (106.3) | 38.3 (100.9) | 38.2 (100.8) | 35.0 (95.0) | 36.0 (96.8) | 36.7 (98.1) | 36.7 (98.1) | 36.6 (97.9) | 41.3 (106.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.2 (90.0) | 33.7 (92.7) | 35.2 (95.4) | 35.8 (96.4) | 33.8 (92.8) | 32.0 (89.6) | 31.0 (87.8) | 30.8 (87.4) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.8 (89.2) | 31.9 (89.4) | 31.3 (88.3) | 32.6 (90.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.0 (78.8) | 27.8 (82.0) | 29.8 (85.6) | 30.6 (87.1) | 29.5 (85.1) | 28.4 (83.1) | 27.7 (81.9) | 27.5 (81.5) | 27.5 (81.5) | 27.4 (81.3) | 26.8 (80.2) | 25.6 (78.1) | 27.9 (82.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.2 (66.6) | 21.3 (70.3) | 24.3 (75.7) | 25.8 (78.4) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.1 (77.2) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.5 (76.1) | 24.2 (75.6) | 23.2 (73.8) | 21.5 (70.7) | 19.5 (67.1) | 23.2 (73.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 7.8 (46.0) | 10.8 (51.4) | 12.8 (55.0) | 18.3 (64.9) | 20.3 (68.5) | 21.5 (70.7) | 21.4 (70.5) | 21.5 (70.7) | 20.0 (68.0) | 16.7 (62.1) | 12.4 (54.3) | 8.9 (48.0) | 7.8 (46.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 4.4 (0.17) | 8.0 (0.31) | 24.9 (0.98) | 60.3 (2.37) | 203.4 (8.01) | 290.7 (11.44) | 422.4 (16.63) | 444.2 (17.49) | 367.2 (14.46) | 114.8 (4.52) | 24.0 (0.94) | 5.5 (0.22) | 1,969.9 (77.56) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 16 | 20 | 23 | 24 | 20 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 129 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 62 | 60 | 59 | 65 | 75 | 82 | 83 | 85 | 84 | 79 | 72 | 67 | 72.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 258.6 | 232.2 | 235.3 | 227.2 | 201.7 | 149.7 | 133.0 | 127.4 | 138.3 | 198.7 | 227.8 | 248.3 | 2,378.1 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization,[8] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (humidity 1961–1990 and extremes),[9][10] The Yearbook of Indochina (1932-1933)[11] | |||||||||||||
Tourism edit
Pakse is growing as a tourist destination. Visitors to Pakse's Champasak Province have grown from 113,684 in 2006 to 493,180 in 2013.[12] Sites of interest include:
References edit
- ^ "Results of Population and Housing Census 2015" (PDF). Lao Statistics Bureau. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ Grabowsky, Volker. Regions and National Integration in Thailand 1892-1992. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1995.
- ^ Stuart-Fox, Martin (1997). A History of Laos. Cambridge University Press, p. 51. ISBN 978-0-521-59746-3.
- ^ "Pakse Town". Southern Laos. Southern Laos. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- ^ . Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved May 20, 2012.
- ^ "Pakse; Information & Statistics,". Travel-Tourist-Information-Guide.com. Retrieved 2014-12-08.
- ^ S.L, Tutiempo Network. "Climate Pakse - Climate data (489550)". www.tutiempo.net. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
- ^ . World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
- ^ "Pakse Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
- ^ "Global Surface Summary of the Day - GSOD". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
- ^ The Yearbook of Indochina (1932-1933)
- ^ "2013 Statistical Report on Tourism in Laos". Sabaidee Laos. Tourism Marketing Department, Lao PDR. Retrieved 2014-12-08.
External links edit
- Pakse travel guide from Wikivoyage