In biodiversity informatics, a chresonym is the cited use of a taxonname, usually a species name, within a publication. The term is derived from the Greek χρῆσις chresis meaning "a use"[1] and refers to published usage of a name.
The technical meaning of the related term synonym is for different names that refer to the same object or concept. As noted by Hobart and Rozella B. Smith,[1] zoological systematists had been using "the term (synonymy) in another sense as well, namely in reference to all occurrences of any name or set of names (usually synonyms) in the literature." Such a "synonymy" could include multiple listings, one for each place the author found a name used, rather than a summarized list of different synonyms. The term "chresonym" was created to replace this second sense of the term "synonym."[1] The concept of synonymy is furthermore different in the zoological and botanical codes of nomenclature.
A name that correctly refers to a taxon is further termed an orthochresonym while one that is applied incorrectly for a given taxon may be termed a heterochresonym.[2][3]
Page 116 in Hershkovitz (1969) showing the chresonym Physeter catodon Harmer 1928
Species names consist of a genus part and a species part to create a binomial name. Species names often also include a reference to the original publication of the name by including the author and sometimes the year of publication of the name. As an example, the sperm whale, Physeter catodon, was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. Thus, the name may also be referenced as Physeter catodon Linnaeus 1758. That name was also used by Harmer in 1928 to refer to the species in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London and of course, it has appeared in numerous other publications since then. Taxonomic catalogues, such as Catalog of Living Whales by Philip Hershkovitz,[4] may reference this usage with a Genus+species+authorship convention that may appear to indicate a new species (a homonym) when in fact it is referencing a particular usage of a species name (a chresonym). Hershkovitz, for example refers to Physeter catodon Harmer 1928, which can cause confusion as this name+author combination really refers to the same name that Linnaeus first published in 1758.
Heterochresonymyedit
Nepenthes rafflesiana, a species of pitcher plant, was described by William Jack in 1835.[5] The name Nepenthes rafflesiana as used by Hugh Low in 1848 is a heterochresonym. Cheek and Jebb (2001)[6] explain the situation thus:
Low, ... accidentally, or otherwise, had described what we know as N. rafflesiana as Nepenthes × hookeriana and vice versa in his book "Sarawak, its Inhabitants and Productions" (1848). Masters was the first author to note this in the Gardeners' Chronicle[7]..., where he gives the first full description and illustration of Nepenthes × hookeriana.
The description that Maxwell Tylden Masters provided in 1881 for the taxon that had previously been known to gardeners as Nepenthes hookeriana (an interchangeable form of the name for the hybrid Nepenthes × hookeriana) differs from Low's description. The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants does not require that descriptions from so long ago include specification of a type specimen, and types can be chosen later to fit these old names. Since the descriptions differ, Low's and Masters' name have different types. Masters therefore created a later homonym, which, according to the rules of the code is illegitimate.
^ abcSmith, Hobart M & Rozella B Smith (1972). "Chresonymy ex Synonymy". Systematic Zoology. 21: 445–445. doi:10.2307/2412440. ISSN 0039-7989.
^Dubois, A. (2000). "Synonymies and related lists in zoology: general proposals, with examples in herpetology". Dumerilia. 4 (2): 33–98.
^Dubois, A. (2010). "Retroactive changes should be introduced in the Code only with great care: problems related to the spellings of nomina". Zootaxa. 2426: 1–42.
^Hershkovitz, Philip (1966). "Catalog of Living Whales". Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 246: 1–259. ISSN 0096-2961.
^William Jackson Hooker, ed. (1835). "Description of Malayan plants". Hookers Companion to the Botanical Magazine. 1: 121–157, 219–224, 253–273.
^Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb (2001). Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana. Vol. 15. National Herbarium of the Netherlands.
^Maxwell Tylden Masters (1881). "New garden plants: Nepenthes hookeriana". The Gardeners' Chronicle: 812–813.
January 01, 1970
chresonym, biodiversity, informatics, chresonym, cited, taxon, name, usually, species, name, within, publication, term, derived, from, greek, χρῆσις, chresis, meaning, refers, published, usage, name, technical, meaning, related, term, synonym, different, names. In biodiversity informatics a chresonym is the cited use of a taxon name usually a species name within a publication The term is derived from the Greek xrῆsis chresis meaning a use 1 and refers to published usage of a name The technical meaning of the related term synonym is for different names that refer to the same object or concept As noted by Hobart and Rozella B Smith 1 zoological systematists had been using the term synonymy in another sense as well namely in reference to all occurrences of any name or set of names usually synonyms in the literature Such a synonymy could include multiple listings one for each place the author found a name used rather than a summarized list of different synonyms The term chresonym was created to replace this second sense of the term synonym 1 The concept of synonymy is furthermore different in the zoological and botanical codes of nomenclature A name that correctly refers to a taxon is further termed an orthochresonym while one that is applied incorrectly for a given taxon may be termed a heterochresonym 2 3 Contents 1 Orthochresonymy 2 Heterochresonymy 3 See also 4 ReferencesOrthochresonymy edit nbsp Page 116 in Hershkovitz 1969 showing the chresonym Physeter catodon Harmer 1928 Species names consist of a genus part and a species part to create a binomial name Species names often also include a reference to the original publication of the name by including the author and sometimes the year of publication of the name As an example the sperm whale Physeter catodon was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae Thus the name may also be referenced as Physeter catodon Linnaeus 1758 That name was also used by Harmer in 1928 to refer to the species in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London and of course it has appeared in numerous other publications since then Taxonomic catalogues such as Catalog of Living Whales by Philip Hershkovitz 4 may reference this usage with a Genus species authorship convention that may appear to indicate a new species a homonym when in fact it is referencing a particular usage of a species name a chresonym Hershkovitz for example refers to Physeter catodon Harmer 1928 which can cause confusion as this name author combination really refers to the same name that Linnaeus first published in 1758 Heterochresonymy editNepenthes rafflesiana a species of pitcher plant was described by William Jack in 1835 5 The name Nepenthes rafflesiana as used by Hugh Low in 1848 is a heterochresonym Cheek and Jebb 2001 6 explain the situation thus Low accidentally or otherwise had described what we know as N rafflesiana as Nepenthes hookeriana and vice versa in his book Sarawak its Inhabitants and Productions 1848 Masters was the first author to note this in the Gardeners Chronicle 7 where he gives the first full description and illustration of Nepenthes hookeriana The description that Maxwell Tylden Masters provided in 1881 for the taxon that had previously been known to gardeners as Nepenthes hookeriana an interchangeable form of the name for the hybrid Nepenthes hookeriana differs from Low s description The International Code of Nomenclature for algae fungi and plants does not require that descriptions from so long ago include specification of a type specimen and types can be chosen later to fit these old names Since the descriptions differ Low s and Masters name have different types Masters therefore created a later homonym which according to the rules of the code is illegitimate See also editBiodiversity Synonym taxonomy Glossary of scientific namingReferences edit a b c Smith Hobart M amp Rozella B Smith 1972 Chresonymy ex Synonymy Systematic Zoology 21 445 445 doi 10 2307 2412440 ISSN 0039 7989 Dubois A 2000 Synonymies and related lists in zoology general proposals with examples in herpetology Dumerilia 4 2 33 98 Dubois A 2010 Retroactive changes should be introduced in the Code only with great care problems related to the spellings of nomina Zootaxa 2426 1 42 Hershkovitz Philip 1966 Catalog of Living Whales Bulletin of the United States National Museum 246 1 259 ISSN 0096 2961 William Jackson Hooker ed 1835 Description of Malayan plants Hookers Companion to the Botanical Magazine 1 121 157 219 224 253 273 Cheek M R amp M H P Jebb 2001 Nepenthaceae Flora Malesiana Vol 15 National Herbarium of the Netherlands Maxwell Tylden Masters 1881 New garden plants Nepenthes hookeriana The Gardeners Chronicle 812 813 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chresonym amp oldid 1180618231, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
