In biology, a homonym is a name for a taxon that is identical in spelling to another such name, that belongs to a different taxon.
The rule in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is that the first such name to be published is the senior homonym and is to be used (it is "valid"); any others are junior homonyms and must be replaced with new names. It is, however, possible that if a senior homonym is archaic, and not in "prevailing usage," it may be declared a nomen oblitum and rendered unavailable, while the junior homonym is preserved as a nomen protectum.
Example: the later homonym Myroxylon L.f. (1782), in the family Leguminosae, is conserved against the earlier homonym Myroxylon J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (1775) (now called Xylosma, in the family Salicaceae).
Under the botanical code, names that are similar enough that they are likely to be confused, are also considered to be homonymous (article 53.3). For example, Astrostemma Benth. (1880) is an illegitimate homonym of Asterostemma Decne. (1838). The zoological code has a set of spelling variations (article 58) that are considered to be identical.
Hemihomonyms
Both codes only consider taxa that are in their respective scope (animals for the ICZN; primarily plants for the ICN). Therefore, if an animal taxon has the same name as a plant taxon, both names are valid. Such names are called hemihomonyms.[2] For example, the name Erica has been given to both a genus of spiders, Erica Peckham & Peckham, 1892, and to a genus of heaths, Erica L.
Hemihomonyms are possible at the species level as well, with organisms in different kingdoms sharing the same binomial. For instance, Orestias elegans[3] denotes both a species of fish (kingdom Animalia) and a species of orchid (kingdom Plantae). Such duplication of binomials occurs in at least eight instances.[4]
Isonym – in botany, an identical name based on the same type, but published later. Isonyms have no nomenclatural status (they are not validly published).
References
Wikispecies has information related to List of valid homonyms.
^"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, Articles 53, 15, and 13". Retrieved 14 June 2013.
^Shipunov, Alexey (2011). "The problem of hemihomonyms and the on-line hemihomonyms database (HHDB)". Bionomina. 4 (1): 65–72. doi:10.11646/bionomina.4.1.3.
homonym, biology, biology, homonym, name, taxon, that, identical, spelling, another, such, name, that, belongs, different, taxon, rule, international, code, zoological, nomenclature, that, first, such, name, published, senior, homonym, used, valid, others, jun. In biology a homonym is a name for a taxon that is identical in spelling to another such name that belongs to a different taxon The rule in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is that the first such name to be published is the senior homonym and is to be used it is valid any others are junior homonyms and must be replaced with new names It is however possible that if a senior homonym is archaic and not in prevailing usage it may be declared a nomen oblitum and rendered unavailable while the junior homonym is preserved as a nomen protectum For example Cuvier proposed the genus Echidna in 1797 for the spiny anteater However Forster had already published the name Echidna in 1777 for a genus of moray eels Forster s use thus has priority with Cuvier s being a junior homonym Illiger published the replacement name Tachyglossus in 1811 Similarly the International Code of Nomenclature for algae fungi and plants ICN specifies that the first published of two or more homonyms is to be used a later homonym is illegitimate and is not to be used unless conserved or sanctioned in the case of fungi 1 Example the later homonym Myroxylon L f 1782 in the family Leguminosae is conserved against the earlier homonym Myroxylon J R Forst amp G Forst 1775 now called Xylosma in the family Salicaceae Contents 1 Parahomonyms 2 Hemihomonyms 3 See also 4 ReferencesParahomonyms EditUnder the botanical code names that are similar enough that they are likely to be confused are also considered to be homonymous article 53 3 For example Astrostemma Benth 1880 is an illegitimate homonym of Asterostemma Decne 1838 The zoological code has a set of spelling variations article 58 that are considered to be identical Hemihomonyms EditBoth codes only consider taxa that are in their respective scope animals for the ICZN primarily plants for the ICN Therefore if an animal taxon has the same name as a plant taxon both names are valid Such names are called hemihomonyms 2 For example the name Erica has been given to both a genus of spiders Erica Peckham amp Peckham 1892 and to a genus of heaths Erica L Hemihomonyms are possible at the species level as well with organisms in different kingdoms sharing the same binomial For instance Orestias elegans 3 denotes both a species of fish kingdom Animalia and a species of orchid kingdom Plantae Such duplication of binomials occurs in at least eight instances 4 Animal Plant FungusAdesmia muricata Linnaeus 1758 a beetle Adesmia muricata Jacq DC a legume Agathis montana Shestakov 1932 a wasp Agathis montana de Laub the Mount Panie kauri a conifer Asterina gibbosa Pennant 1777 the starlet cushion star a starfish Asterina gibbosa Gaillard a fungus Baileya australis Grote 1881 the small baileya moth Baileya australis Rydb syn B multiradiata a desert marigold Centropogon australis White 1790 the fortescue a waspfish Centropogon australis Gleason a bellflower Cuspidaria cuspidata Olivi 1792 a bivalve Cuspidaria cuspidata M Bieb Takht syn Erysimum cuspidatum a wallflower Ficus variegata Roding 1798 the true fig shell a sea snail Ficus variegata Blume the common red stem fig Gaussia princeps T Scott 1894 a copepod Gaussia princeps H Wendl a palm Orestias elegans Garman 1895 a pupfish Orestias elegans Ridl an orchid Tritonia pallida Stimpson 1855 a nudibranch Tritonia pallida Ker Gawl an iris See also EditGlossary of scientific naming Isonym in botany an identical name based on the same type but published later Isonyms have no nomenclatural status they are not validly published References Edit Wikispecies has information related to List of valid homonyms International Code of Nomenclature for algae fungi and plants Articles 53 15 and 13 Retrieved 14 June 2013 Shipunov Alexey 2011 The problem of hemihomonyms and the on line hemihomonyms database HHDB Bionomina 4 1 65 72 doi 10 11646 bionomina 4 1 3 Orestias elegans Wikispecies species wikimedia org Retrieved 2017 04 05 Category Species level hemihomonyms Wikispecies species wikimedia org Retrieved 2017 04 05 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Homonym biology amp oldid 1079121059, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
