fbpx
Wikipedia

One World or None

April 13, 2024

One World or None (1946) is an instructional documentary short film produced by the National Committee on Atomic Information in conjunction with Philip Ragan Productions. Made just months after the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it is considered the first postwar "atomic scare" film.[1][Note 1]

One World or None
Based onOne World or None (book)
Narrated byRaymond Swing
Music byLouis Applebaum
Production
company
Philip Ragan Productions
Distributed byFilm Publishers
Release date
  • 1946 (1946)
Running time
Nine minutes, 18 seconds
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish

Synopsis edit

One World or None established that throughout history, scientists from many nations have made great advances and discoveries and have shared that knowledge globally. The periodic table was developed by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev, British scientist J. J. Thomson and his team discovered the principle of the electron, and German theorist Albert Einstein came up with the theory of relativity. Nuclear physics was a product of New Zealand physicist Ernest Rutherford's work on the atomic nucleus, Danish physicist Niels Bohr's identification of atomic structure and American physicist Carl David Anderson's discovery of the positron.

Other advances included English physicist James Chadwick discovering the neutron, while French scientists Irène Joliot-Curie and her husband Frédéric Joliot-Curie studied artificial radioactivity. Further nuclear research was carried out by Enrico Fermi, who transmuted uranium based on Japanese physicist Hantaro Nagaoka's theories on the atom. German scientist Otto Hahn derived barium from uranium, while uranium was split by Austrian-Swedish physicist Lise Meitner.

Knowledge about atomic energy was shared by all. The question remains, will the people of the earth use this powerful energy to benefit humanity? The first outward manifestation is the atom bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima. Images of the city after the attack are startling.

Imagining the destruction inflicted in seconds on an American city. A metropolis such as New York City, Chicago or San Francisco would have its downtown core devastated by blast effects and radioactivity.

According to information provided by the Federation of American Scientists, the massive destructive power of the atom bomb is contrasted with earlier weapons of war. A Roman soldier's lance would only kill one enemy, Napoleon's cannon perhaps a dozen, the "Big Bertha" cannon could kill up to 88, and the V-2 killed as many of 168 individuals on average, but the first atom bomb killed more than 100,000 at Hiroshima.

The atom bomb was delivered by aircraft which had a limited range, but new bombers have an intercontinental range. Imagine the frightening prospect if Japan and Germany had had the atom bomb during the war. Attacks by the Axis powers could have brought World War II to an end, as there would have been no defense against a V-2 rocket carrying an atom bomb. Even with the short range of the rocket, all of England could have been attacked from bases in France. While only in the blueprint stage, advanced rockets capable of crossing the Atlantic could have destroyed the U.S. Eastern seaboard cities. U-boats armed with atom bombs delivered by rockets could have threatened more of North America. Fifth column sabotage using atom bombs could devastate any U.S. center.

The answer to atomic warfare is to have the nations of the world unite under the United Nations framework to counter the weapons of mass destruction. Representative of the peoples of the world are asked to make laws to abolish war with the choice being clear: unite as one world confronting evil or face death.

History edit

Federation of Atomic Scientists edit

The Federation of Atomic Scientists (FAS) was founded in November 1945 by Manhattan Project scientists who helped construct the first atom bombs. Their credo was that all scientists, engineers, and other "technically-trained thinkers" have an ethical obligation to ensure the technological "fruits of their intellect and labor" are applied to the benefit of humanity.[3]

One World or None (book) edit

In early 1946, rebranded as the Federation of American Scientists (FAS), the organization took efforts to broaden and diversify its network of supporters to include all who want to reduce nuclear dangers and ultimately prevent global catastrophe.[3] In 1946, just months after atom bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the scientists who had developed nuclear technology came together to express their concerns and thoughts about the nuclear age they had unleashed through the release of a book, One World or None. The anthology of essays included contributions from Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein, and Robert Oppenheimer, among others.[4]

One World or None was critically reviewed in the New York Herald Tribune Book Review, March 17, 1946: "An illuminating, powerful, threatening and hopeful statement which will clarify a lot of confused thinking about atomic energy.” The original edition sold 100,000 copies.[4] Quickly rising to the top of The New York Times bestsellers' list, the book spawned the short film of the same name.[4]

Production edit

Technical assistance on One World or None was provided by the Federation of Atomic Scientists. Philip Ragan Productions was responsible for One World or None, using a mix of animation and live-action stock footage, including scenes from Hiroshima and the Nuremberg War Trials. Philip Ragan was a filmmaker from Philadelphia who specialized in cartoon animation. In 1941, Ragan was contracted by John Grierson at the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) to complete a series of animated films for the National War Finance Committee promoting Victory War Bonds.[5] Between 1941 and 1945, Ragan produced 27 animated films for the NFB, many of them educational films.[6]

Another connection to the NFB was composer Louis Applebaum, who composed approximately 250 film scores for the NFB between 1942 and 1960. He is also known for his work in Hollywood on Story of G.I. Joe (1945), Dreams That Money Can Buy (1947) and Lost Boundaries (1949).[7]

Reception edit

One World or None was produced for a theatrical market.[8] The film is widely considered the first postwar "atomic scare" film.[9][10] It later went into the public domain and is now preserved at the Prelinger Archives.[11]

See also edit

References edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Later films such as Duck and Cover (1952) also exploited the "Red Scare" of the 1950s.[2]

Citations edit

  1. ^ Bogle 2001, p. 181.
  2. ^ Ellis and McLane 2005, p. 310.
  3. ^ a b "Striving for a safer world since 1945." Federation of Atomic Scientists. Retrieved: February 2, 2017.
  4. ^ a b c Masters, Dexter and Way, Katharine. "One World or None: A report to the public on the full meaning of the Atomic Bomb." thenewpress.com, 2017. Retrieved: February 2, 2017.
  5. ^ Evans 1984, p. 63.
  6. ^ St. Pierre, Marc. "70 years of animation, part 1 – When animation marches off to war." National Film Board of Canada, November 20, 2011. Retrieved: February 2, 2017.
  7. ^ Louis Applebaum at IMDb
  8. ^ Giglio 2005, p. 71.
  9. ^ Shaw 2007, p. 162.
  10. ^ Mason, Julia. "One World or None: The World’s First 'Atomic Scare Movie'." History Buff, October 15, 2015. Retrieved: February 2, 2017.
  11. ^ "One World or None (1946)." Public Domain Review. Retrieved: February 2, 2017.

Bibliography edit

  • Bogle, Lori Lynn. Cold War Culture and Society: The Cold War. London: Routledge, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8153-3242-8.
  • Ellis, Jack C. and Betsy A. McLane. New History of Documentary Film. London: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005. ISBN 0-8264-1750-7.
  • Evans, Gary. John Grierson and the National Film Board: The Politics of Wartime Propaganda. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984. ISBN 978-0-80202-519-7.
  • Giglio, Ernest. Here’s Looking at You: Hollywood, Film, and Politics. Peter Lang Inc., International Academic Publishers, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8204-4421-5.
  • Shaw, Tony. Hollywood's Cold War. Amherst, Massachusetts: University of Massachusetts Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1-5584-9612-5.

External links edit

  • One World or None at YouTube
  • "One World or None" book at Amazon

April 13, 2024
world, none, 1946, instructional, documentary, short, film, produced, national, committee, atomic, information, conjunction, with, philip, ragan, productions, made, just, months, after, atomic, bombings, hiroshima, nagasaki, considered, first, postwar, atomic,. One World or None 1946 is an instructional documentary short film produced by the National Committee on Atomic Information in conjunction with Philip Ragan Productions Made just months after the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki it is considered the first postwar atomic scare film 1 Note 1 One World or NoneTitle cardBased onOne World or None book Narrated byRaymond SwingMusic byLouis ApplebaumProductioncompanyPhilip Ragan ProductionsDistributed byFilm PublishersRelease date1946 1946 Running timeNine minutes 18 secondsCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishContents 1 Synopsis 2 History 2 1 Federation of Atomic Scientists 2 2 One World or None book 3 Production 4 Reception 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Notes 6 2 Citations 6 3 Bibliography 7 External linksSynopsis editOne World or None established that throughout history scientists from many nations have made great advances and discoveries and have shared that knowledge globally The periodic table was developed by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev British scientist J J Thomson and his team discovered the principle of the electron and German theorist Albert Einstein came up with the theory of relativity Nuclear physics was a product of New Zealand physicist Ernest Rutherford s work on the atomic nucleus Danish physicist Niels Bohr s identification of atomic structure and American physicist Carl David Anderson s discovery of the positron Other advances included English physicist James Chadwick discovering the neutron while French scientists Irene Joliot Curie and her husband Frederic Joliot Curie studied artificial radioactivity Further nuclear research was carried out by Enrico Fermi who transmuted uranium based on Japanese physicist Hantaro Nagaoka s theories on the atom German scientist Otto Hahn derived barium from uranium while uranium was split by Austrian Swedish physicist Lise Meitner Knowledge about atomic energy was shared by all The question remains will the people of the earth use this powerful energy to benefit humanity The first outward manifestation is the atom bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima Images of the city after the attack are startling Imagining the destruction inflicted in seconds on an American city A metropolis such as New York City Chicago or San Francisco would have its downtown core devastated by blast effects and radioactivity According to information provided by the Federation of American Scientists the massive destructive power of the atom bomb is contrasted with earlier weapons of war A Roman soldier s lance would only kill one enemy Napoleon s cannon perhaps a dozen the Big Bertha cannon could kill up to 88 and the V 2 killed as many of 168 individuals on average but the first atom bomb killed more than 100 000 at Hiroshima The atom bomb was delivered by aircraft which had a limited range but new bombers have an intercontinental range Imagine the frightening prospect if Japan and Germany had had the atom bomb during the war Attacks by the Axis powers could have brought World War II to an end as there would have been no defense against a V 2 rocket carrying an atom bomb Even with the short range of the rocket all of England could have been attacked from bases in France While only in the blueprint stage advanced rockets capable of crossing the Atlantic could have destroyed the U S Eastern seaboard cities U boats armed with atom bombs delivered by rockets could have threatened more of North America Fifth column sabotage using atom bombs could devastate any U S center The answer to atomic warfare is to have the nations of the world unite under the United Nations framework to counter the weapons of mass destruction Representative of the peoples of the world are asked to make laws to abolish war with the choice being clear unite as one world confronting evil or face death History editFederation of Atomic Scientists edit The Federation of Atomic Scientists FAS was founded in November 1945 by Manhattan Project scientists who helped construct the first atom bombs Their credo was that all scientists engineers and other technically trained thinkers have an ethical obligation to ensure the technological fruits of their intellect and labor are applied to the benefit of humanity 3 One World or None book edit In early 1946 rebranded as the Federation of American Scientists FAS the organization took efforts to broaden and diversify its network of supporters to include all who want to reduce nuclear dangers and ultimately prevent global catastrophe 3 In 1946 just months after atom bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki the scientists who had developed nuclear technology came together to express their concerns and thoughts about the nuclear age they had unleashed through the release of a book One World or None The anthology of essays included contributions from Niels Bohr Albert Einstein and Robert Oppenheimer among others 4 One World or None was critically reviewed in the New York Herald Tribune Book Review March 17 1946 An illuminating powerful threatening and hopeful statement which will clarify a lot of confused thinking about atomic energy The original edition sold 100 000 copies 4 Quickly rising to the top of The New York Times bestsellers list the book spawned the short film of the same name 4 Production editTechnical assistance on One World or None was provided by the Federation of Atomic Scientists Philip Ragan Productions was responsible for One World or None using a mix of animation and live action stock footage including scenes from Hiroshima and the Nuremberg War Trials Philip Ragan was a filmmaker from Philadelphia who specialized in cartoon animation In 1941 Ragan was contracted by John Grierson at the National Film Board of Canada NFB to complete a series of animated films for the National War Finance Committee promoting Victory War Bonds 5 Between 1941 and 1945 Ragan produced 27 animated films for the NFB many of them educational films 6 Another connection to the NFB was composer Louis Applebaum who composed approximately 250 film scores for the NFB between 1942 and 1960 He is also known for his work in Hollywood on Story of G I Joe 1945 Dreams That Money Can Buy 1947 and Lost Boundaries 1949 7 Reception editOne World or None was produced for a theatrical market 8 The film is widely considered the first postwar atomic scare film 9 10 It later went into the public domain and is now preserved at the Prelinger Archives 11 See also editDuck and cover for further discussion of this method of self defense List of films about nuclear issues List of films in the public domain in the United States Civil Defence Information Bulletin a 1964 British film which deals with the same topic Protect and Survive a 1970 80s British information film on the same topicReferences editNotes edit Later films such as Duck and Cover 1952 also exploited the Red Scare of the 1950s 2 Citations edit Bogle 2001 p 181 Ellis and McLane 2005 p 310 a b Striving for a safer world since 1945 Federation of Atomic Scientists Retrieved February 2 2017 a b c Masters Dexter and Way Katharine One World or None A report to the public on the full meaning of the Atomic Bomb thenewpress com 2017 Retrieved February 2 2017 Evans 1984 p 63 St Pierre Marc 70 years of animation part 1 When animation marches off to war National Film Board of Canada November 20 2011 Retrieved February 2 2017 Louis Applebaum at IMDb Giglio 2005 p 71 Shaw 2007 p 162 Mason Julia One World or None The World s First Atomic Scare Movie History Buff October 15 2015 Retrieved February 2 2017 One World or None 1946 Public Domain Review Retrieved February 2 2017 Bibliography edit Bogle Lori Lynn Cold War Culture and Society The Cold War London Routledge 2001 ISBN 978 0 8153 3242 8 Ellis Jack C and Betsy A McLane New History of Documentary Film London Continuum International Publishing Group 2005 ISBN 0 8264 1750 7 Evans Gary John Grierson and the National Film Board The Politics of Wartime Propaganda Toronto University of Toronto Press 1984 ISBN 978 0 80202 519 7 Giglio Ernest Here s Looking at You Hollywood Film and Politics Peter Lang Inc International Academic Publishers 2005 ISBN 978 0 8204 4421 5 Shaw Tony Hollywood s Cold War Amherst Massachusetts University of Massachusetts Press 2007 ISBN 978 1 5584 9612 5 External links editOne World or None at YouTube One World or None book at Amazon Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title One World or None amp oldid 1190977619 One World or None book, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.