Tesla Model Y
The Tesla Model Y is a battery electric mid-size crossover SUV built by Tesla, Inc. since 2020.
| Tesla Model Y | |
|---|---|
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Tesla, Inc. |
| Production | 2020–present |
| Assembly |
|
| Designer | Franz von Holzhausen |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Mid-size crossover SUV (D) |
| Body style | 5-door SUV |
| Layout | |
| Related | Tesla Model 3 |
| Powertrain | |
| Electric motor | Permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motor |
| Battery | 67.6–81 kWh lithium-ion |
| Electric range |
|
| Plug-in charging | |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 113.8 in (2,891 mm) |
| Length | 187 in (4,750 mm) |
| Width | 75.6 in (1,920 mm) |
| Height | 63.9 in (1,623 mm) |
| Curb weight |
|
The Model Y is based on the Model 3 sedan platform.[6] It shares an estimated 75 percent of its parts with the Tesla Model 3,[7] which includes a similar interior and exterior design and electric powertrain. The Model Y fills a smaller and less expensive segment than the mid-sized Tesla Model X.[8] Like the Model X, the Model Y offers optional third-row seats for a seven-passenger seating capacity.[9][10][11]
Unveiled in March 2019,[12] it started production at its Fremont Factory in January 2020,[13] and started deliveries on March 13, 2020.[14]
In the first and second quarters of 2023, the Model Y outsold the Toyota Corolla to become the world's best-selling car, the first ever electric vehicle to claim the title.[15][16]
History edit
This section may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. (June 2021) |
Pre-launch edit
In 2013, Tesla Motors filed to trademark "Model Y".[17]
In 2015, Elon Musk teased a Model 3-based Model Y with falcon-wing doors.[18]
In 2017, the Model Y's silhouette was teased to Tesla shareholders at the annual general meeting in June.[19] Elon Musk also announced that the Model Y would be produced in a new factory, as it was not likely that the Fremont plant would have room to accommodate another production line.[20]
In June 2018, a new silhouette was revealed by CEO Musk. With the new image, it was stated that the Model Y would be formally announced in March 2019.[21] The Model Y announcement had been planned for 2018; however, production problems with the Model 3 resulted in it being pushed to 2019.[22] In October 2018, Elon Musk revealed that he has approved the finalized design for the first production version of the Model Y, however production would not start until 2020.[23] On March 3, 2019, Elon Musk published multiple tweets, announcing the unveiling event and confirming some specifications.[24] Musk confirmed the vehicle would use standard doors, as opposed to the falcon-wing doors used on the Model X.[25]
Release edit
On March 14, 2019, Elon Musk premiered the Tesla Model Y at an event at Tesla's design studio in Hawthorne, CA, where specifications were announced and the vehicle was shown. Test drives of multiple Model Y vehicles were also offered to attendees after the presentation.[12][26] Due to its larger size, the Y consumes more energy than the 3, and thus has shorter range. The Fremont factory was changed to accommodate production of the Y.[27]
On March 13, 2020, Tesla made their first deliveries of the Model Y, along with publishing its owner's manual.[14]
Production edit
This section needs expansion with: article is oddly missing nearly all information on actual production since Model Y production began in 2020. You can help by adding to it. (July 2022) |
Tesla originally announced plans at the unveil to assemble the Model Y at Giga Nevada (in Sparks, Nevada), along with the battery and drivetrain for the vehicles, unlike the Model 3, where drivetrains and batteries are assembled at Giga Nevada, with final assembly completed at the Tesla Factory in Fremont, California. Two months later, in May 2019, Tesla said that they instead planned to shuffle production lines at the Tesla Fremont Factory to make space for Model Y production.[28]
On January 29, 2020, Tesla reported in its Q4 2019 earnings report that Model Y production had already started in the Fremont factory, that one can now place an order for their premium versions with all-wheel drive, and that delivery of Model Y would begin in Q1 2020.[29]
In November 2019, Tesla announced that the Tesla Model Y would be the first vehicle to be assembled at the first European Gigafactory, Giga Berlin.[30][31]
United States deliveries started in March 2020 for the Long Range AWD version and the Performance version. Later in 2020, Tesla began shipping cars to the Canadian and Mexican markets.
Initial production of the made-in-China Model Y began in mid-December 2020 with 250,000 Model Y expected to be produced in 2021 in China alone.[32][33] In November 2020, Tesla signed an agreement with LG Chem to supply battery cells for Model Y production in China.[34]
On October 7, 2020, Musk tweeted that Giga Berlin Model Y would get single-piece rear and front frame cast, structural battery pack, and new 4680 cells.[35][36]
On July 25, 2021, CEO Elon Musk revealed that Tesla was planning to release an updated design for the Model Y by the end of 2021. In addition, Tesla planned to implement their new structural battery pack to improve range. These new cars would be manufactured by the two new Tesla production facilities in Austin, Texas and Berlin, Germany. If Tesla was not able to roll out the new 4680 battery cells by the end of 2021, they would use the standard battery cells until the 4680's are ready.[37]
Single-piece castings edit
In August 2020, it was reported that the Tesla Factory in Fremont would soon activate the world's largest unibody casting machine for Model Y production, switching to casting the rear body in a single piece.[38] Elon Musk told an interviewer that the Berlin-made Model Y is "not just a copy of the Model Y. It's actually a radical redesign of the core technology of building a car."[39] With this new design and production method, rear and front portions of the frame will be a single-cast design. Injecting molten aluminum into a cast and having robots pull out the molded metal allowed Tesla to combine several manufacturing steps.[40] This manufacturing process is expected to result in significant cost savings, reducing a complex structural frame of dozens of parts, requiring many hours of welding to be reduced to just 1 part. Other savings include lower tool investments, reduced production time, lower number of robots, and a smaller production area.[41]
In August 2020, Tesla started assembling the world's biggest casting machine for this purpose, which the company called the Giga Press. The machine was supplied by Italian company Idra.[42][43] Due to its unusually large size, the machine had to be assembled outside the factory under a carport-like structure.[44]
With the new production method, the rear underbody section of the Model Y consists of only two large parts produced by the Giga Press, instead of 70 different metal parts for the Model 3.[45]
Changes edit
Vehicles manufactured from May 2021 lack lumbar support on passenger seats.[46][47]
Vehicles manufactured from April 2021 no longer include radar for adaptive cruise control.[48]
In early 2023, Tesla removed the ultrasonic parking sensors. Automated parking features relying only on the camera were shown to be unreliable.[49]
Technical details edit
Heat pump edit
The Model Y is Tesla's first vehicle to use a heat pump instead of electric resistance for interior cabin heating.[50][51] Electric cars using electric resistance heating can lose 40% or more of their range in ambient temperatures below 20 °F (−7 °C).[52][53] The heat pump can be up to 300% more efficient than electric resistance heating.[54]
Tesla's heat pump system includes unique features including the Super Manifold and Octovalve. Inside the Super Manifold two systems meet: one for water-glycol coolant (used for managing the temperature of the battery, computers and powertrain) and the other for R1234YF refrigerant (used for cabin temperature control). The two systems share a liquid cooled condenser and a chiller. The octovalve has eight ports that move the coolant around the different systems of the vehicle.[55][56][57] The system allows the vehicle to remove waste heat from the vehicle's systems and use it to warm the cabin.
Some electric vehicles from other manufacturers, including the Nissan Leaf, Renault Zoe, BMW i3, Jaguar I-Pace, Audi e-tron, and Kia Niro, had already implemented heat pumps.[58] Tesla's heat pump has been praised for using far fewer parts.[59]
Musk has said that the new heat pump system is one of the two most significant changes in the Model Y over the Model 3, the other being the new single-piece castings.[60]
Radar edit
Vehicles produced since May 2021 lack radar for adaptive cruise control.[61] In February 2022, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration opened an investigation over phantom braking in these new vehicles.[62]
Software update 2022.20.9 transitioned radar equipped Model Ys (and Model 3s) to Tesla Vision. Steering assist is limited to 85 mph (137 km/h), down from 90 mph (140 km/h) on vehicles with radar and minimum following distance has been increased to two car lengths from one.
Markets and configurations edit
United States edit
During its introduction, there were four planned powertrain configurations for the Model Y in the U.S., which are Standard Range Rear-Wheel Drive (RWD), Long Range RWD, Long Range with Dual Motor All-Wheel Drive (AWD), and Performance (with Dual Motor All-Wheel Drive).[63][64] However, the Long Range RWD model was never produced. As of October 2023[update], the Standard Range RWD, Long Range AWD and the Performance models are currently being offered for sale.[65]
| Timeline of Tesla Model Y in the U.S.[66] |
|---|
The Standard Range RWD configuration was initially canceled in July 2020 after being listed as to be announced in "spring 2021", due to the range (230 mi or 370 km) being unacceptably low to CEO Elon Musk.[67] On January 7, 2021, Tesla once again released the Standard Range RWD configuration, alongside the seven-seat option for the Model Y. The Standard Range RWD features 244 miles (393 km) of EPA-estimated range.[68][69] Tesla stopped taking orders for the variant in February 2021, making it the shortest-lived configuration offered for the Model Y.[70]
After reports emerged in February 2021,[71] on December 6, 2021, Tesla formally notified customers who had pre-ordered the Long Range RWD that their chosen configuration is no longer available in the U.S. According to reports, this configuration was never delivered in the U.S.[72]
On April 9, 2022, Tesla began building the Standard Range AWD configuration. Manufactured at Gigafactory Texas, it was equipped with the new 4680 battery cells and structural battery pack technology rated at 279 miles (449 km) of EPA range.[73][74] At first, this configuration was only available for employees, invited reservation holders, and customers residing in the Texas area.[75][76] Around April 7, 2023, Tesla made the configuration for sale to the general public.[77][78] On September 14, Tesla stopped taking orders for the Standard Range AWD.[79]
On January 12, 2023, Tesla announced a significant price reduction for the Model Y and Model 3. This reduction made the Model Y Long Range eligible for the federal tax credit of $7,500 under the Inflation Reduction Act, which is applicable only for cars that are priced below $55,000.[80]
Tesla reintroduced the Standard Range RWD model to the US market in October 2023.[81]
Canada edit
In April 2023, Tesla began producing made-in-China Model Y to be sold in Canada.[82]
Australia edit
Orders for the Model Y in Australia opened on June 10, 2022, with initial configurations offered were RWD and Performance AWD and imported from Gigafactory Shanghai. Deliveries commenced in August 2022.[83] The Long Range AWD configuration was released on April 4, 2023.[84]
China edit
On June 5, 2020, Tesla launched the Model Y Online design studio for the Chinese market, allowing customers in China to place orders for the upcoming made-in-China Model Y.[85] First delivery of the model was made on January 18, 2021.[86]
On January 1, 2021, Tesla started selling the Model Y in China, and it sold out its planned production (an unknown quantity) for Q1 2021 within 6 days.[87]
Specifications edit
| Canceled/Discontinued | Current | Current, non-US model | Current, US only model |
| Battery | Standard Range | Long Range | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Powertrain | RWD | RWD | AWD | RWD[71] | AWD | Performance |
| Battery | Prismatic LFP | Prismatic | 4680-type | 2170-type | 2170-type | 2170-type |
| Range (EPA) | 244 mi (393 km)[88] | 260 mi (420 km) | 279 mi (449 km)[89] | 300 mi (480 km)[90] | 330 mi (530 km)[91] | 303 mi (488 km)[92] |
| Range (WLTP) | 282 mi (455 km)[93] | 336 mi (541 km)[90] | 331 mi (533 km)[94] | 319 mi (513 km)[94] | ||
| Acceleration 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) | 6.9 sec.[94] | 6.6 sec. | 5.0 sec.[94] | 5.5 sec.[90] | 4.8 sec.[94] | 3.5 sec.[94] |
| Top speed | 135 mph (217 km/h)[95] | 135 mph (217 km/h)[95] | 135 mph (217 km/h)[94] | 130 mph (210 km/h) | 135 mph (217 km/h)[94] | 155 mph (249 km/h)[94] |
| Power (peak) | 295 hp (220 kW) | 384 hp (286 kW)[96][97] | 456 hp (340 kW)[96][97] | |||
| Torque (peak) | 310 lb⋅ft (420 N⋅m) | 376 lb⋅ft (510 N⋅m)[96][97] | 497 lb⋅ft (674 N⋅m)[96][97] | |||
| Consumption | 15.7 kWh / 100 km | 13.8 kWh / 100 km[98] | 15.8 kWh / 100 km[99] | |||
| Drag coefficient | 0.23[100] | |||||
| Cargo space | 76.2 cubic feet (2,158 L) maximum volume with rear seats down and including front trunk (frunk)[101] | |||||
| Curb weight | 3,920 lb (1,780 kg)[102] | 4,154 lb (1,884 kg) | 4,363 lb (1,979 kg) | 4,416 lb (2,003 kg) | ||
Safety edit
| NHTSA (US)[103] | IIHS (US)[104] | EURONCAP (2022) (EU)[105] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Small overlap front, driver side | Good | Overall | ||
| Frontal, driver | Small overlap front, passenger side | Good | Adult Occupant | 97% | |
| Frontal, passenger | Moderate overlap front | Good | Child Occupant | 87% | |
| Side, driver | Side (original test) | Good | Vulnerable Road Users | 82% | |
| Side, rear passenger | Roof strength | Good | Safety Assist | 98% | |
| Side pole | Head restraints & seats | Good | |||
| Rollover | / 9.70% | Headlights (varies by trim/option) |
| ||
| Front crash prevention, vehicle-to-vehicle | Superior | ||||
| Front crash prevention, vehicle-to-pedestrian | Superior | ||||
| LATCH ease of use | Acceptable | ||||
Reception edit
The Model Y has been generally very well received. Critics laud the car's appearance, quick acceleration, spacious interior and range. However, they criticized the vehicle's clumsy handling and stiff ride.[106] According to Top Gear, the Model Y is a "great car to live with".[107] The Model Y was also touted as the leader in its class,[108] but reviewers note that competition is rising with numerous alternatives hitting the market from other manufacturers.[109]
On September 8, 2020, Volkswagen Group Chair, Herbert Diess, wrote about the Model Y: "This car is for us in many aspects (not in all!) a reference: user experience, updatability, driving features, performance of the top of the range models, charging network, range. Big advantage: Model Y was/is thought through as an electric car – as is the ID.3. Many of our competitors still using their ICE platforms. The result: They aren’t getting the best EVs."[110]
Awards edit
In 2023, the Tesla Model Y gained the 'Autovista Group Residual Value Award' in category of 'Compact and Large Battery-Electric Vehicle (BEV) SUV'.[111] The Model Y also won the 'Best Company Car' award at the 2024 Carbuyer Best Car Awards.[112]
See also edit
References edit
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And unlike earlier this year, you can now order a standard range Model Y, which costs $49,990 before any options.
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External links edit
- Official website