The powertrain layout of a motorised vehicle such as a car is often defined by the location of the engine and drive wheels.
Layouts can roughly be divided into three categories: front-wheel drive (FWD), rear-wheel drive (RWD) and four-wheel drive (4WD). Many different combinations of engine location and driven wheels are found in practice, and the location of each is dependent on the application for which the vehicle will be used.
The front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout (abbreviated as FF layout) places both the internal combustion engine and driven wheels at the front of the vehicle. This is the most common layout for cars since the late 20th century.[1][2]
A rear-engine, front-wheel-drive layout is one in which the engine is between or behind the rear wheels, and drives the front wheels via a driveshaft, the complete reverse of a conventional front-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicle layout. This layout has only been used on prototype and concept cars.
The front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout (abbreviated as FR layout) is one where the engine is located at the front of the vehicle and driven wheels are located at the rear.[3] This was the traditional automobile layout for most of the 20th century, and remains the most common layout for rear-wheel drive vehicles.[4]
The mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout (abbreviated as MR layout) is one where the rear wheels are driven by an engine placed just in front of them, behind the passenger compartment. In contrast to the rear-engined RR layout, the center of mass of the engine is in front of the rear axle. This layout is typically chosen for its low moment of inertia and relatively favorable weight distribution.
The rear-engine, rear-wheel drive layout (abbreviated as RR layout) places both the engine and drive wheels at the rear of the vehicle. In contrast to the MR layout, the center of mass of the engine is between the rear axle and the rear bumper. Although very common in transit buses and coaches due to the elimination of the drive shaft with low-floor bus, this layout has become increasingly rare in passenger cars. The Porsche 911 is notable for its continuous use of the RR layout since 1963.
Four-wheel drive layouts
F4 layout
Drivetrains where power can be sent to all four wheels are referred to as either four-wheel drive (4WD) or all-wheel drive (AWD).[5]
The front-engine, four-wheel drive layout (abbreviated as F4 layout) places the engine at the front of the vehicle and drives all four roadwheels. This layout is typically chosen for better control on many surfaces, and is an important part of rally racing as well as off-road driving.
Most four-wheel-drive layouts are front-engined and are derivatives of earlier front-engine, rear-wheel-drive designs.
The mid-engine, four-wheel drive layout (abbreviated as M4 layout) places the engine in the middle of the vehicle, between both axles and drives all four road wheels.
Although the term "mid-engine" can mean the engine is placed anywhere in the vehicle such that the centre of gravity of the engine lies between the front and rear axles, it is usually used for sports cars and racing cars where the engine is behind the passenger compartment. The motive output is then sent down a shaft to a differential in the centre of the car, which in the case of an M4 layout, distributes power to both front and rear axles.
Rear-engine, four-wheel drive
R4 layout, the engine is located behind the rear axle.
The rear-engine, four-wheel drive layout (abbreviated as R4) places the engine at the rear of the vehicle, and drives all four wheels.
This layout is typically chosen to improve the traction or the handling of existing vehicle designs using the rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout (RR). For example, the Porsche 911 added all-wheel drive to the existing line-up of rear-wheel drive models in 1989.
^"All About Front-, Rear-, Four- and All-Wheel Drive". www.edmunds.com. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
^"All-Wheel Drive vs. Front-Wheel Drive". www.usnews.com. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
^"FWD vs. RWD: Which Is Best For You?". www.usnews.com. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
^"The Best Wheel Drive For You - Rear Wheel Drive, Front Wheel Drive, Four Wheel Drive, All Wheel Drive". www.kbb.com. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
^"Wheel Drive Explained - All-Wheel Drive and More". www.vroomgirls.com. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
January 08, 2023
powertrain, layout, powertrain, layout, motorised, vehicle, such, often, defined, location, engine, drive, wheels, layouts, roughly, divided, into, three, categories, front, wheel, drive, rear, wheel, drive, four, wheel, drive, many, different, combinations, e. The powertrain layout of a motorised vehicle such as a car is often defined by the location of the engine and drive wheels Layouts can roughly be divided into three categories front wheel drive FWD rear wheel drive RWD and four wheel drive 4WD Many different combinations of engine location and driven wheels are found in practice and the location of each is dependent on the application for which the vehicle will be used Contents 1 Front wheel drive layouts 1 1 Front engine front wheel drive 1 2 Mid engine front wheel drive 1 3 Rear engine front wheel drive 2 Rear wheel drive layouts 2 1 Front engine rear wheel drive 2 2 Mid engine rear wheel drive 2 3 Rear engine rear wheel drive 3 Four wheel drive layouts 3 1 Front engine four wheel drive 3 2 Mid engine four wheel drive 3 3 Rear engine four wheel drive 4 See also 5 ReferencesFront wheel drive layouts Edit FF layout Front engine front wheel drive Edit Main article Front engine front wheel drive layout The front engine front wheel drive layout abbreviated as FF layout places both the internal combustion engine and driven wheels at the front of the vehicle This is the most common layout for cars since the late 20th century 1 2 Mid engine front wheel drive Edit Main article Front engine front wheel drive layout Mid engine Front wheel drive Some early front wheel drive cars from the 1930s had the engine located in the middle of the car Rear engine front wheel drive Edit Main article Rear engine front wheel drive layout A rear engine front wheel drive layout is one in which the engine is between or behind the rear wheels and drives the front wheels via a driveshaft the complete reverse of a conventional front engine rear wheel drive vehicle layout This layout has only been used on prototype and concept cars Rear wheel drive layouts Edit FR layout MR layout RR layout Front engine rear wheel drive Edit Main article front engine rear wheel drive layout The front engine rear wheel drive layout abbreviated as FR layout is one where the engine is located at the front of the vehicle and driven wheels are located at the rear 3 This was the traditional automobile layout for most of the 20th century and remains the most common layout for rear wheel drive vehicles 4 Mid engine rear wheel drive Edit Main article Rear mid engine rear wheel drive layout The mid engine rear wheel drive layout abbreviated as MR layout is one where the rear wheels are driven by an engine placed just in front of them behind the passenger compartment In contrast to the rear engined RR layout the center of mass of the engine is in front of the rear axle This layout is typically chosen for its low moment of inertia and relatively favorable weight distribution Rear engine rear wheel drive Edit Main article Rear engine rear wheel drive layout The rear engine rear wheel drive layout abbreviated as RR layout places both the engine and drive wheels at the rear of the vehicle In contrast to the MR layout the center of mass of the engine is between the rear axle and the rear bumper Although very common in transit buses and coaches due to the elimination of the drive shaft with low floor bus this layout has become increasingly rare in passenger cars The Porsche 911 is notable for its continuous use of the RR layout since 1963 Four wheel drive layouts Edit F4 layout Drivetrains where power can be sent to all four wheels are referred to as either four wheel drive 4WD or all wheel drive AWD 5 Front engine four wheel drive Edit Main article Front engine four wheel drive layout The front engine four wheel drive layout abbreviated as F4 layout places the engine at the front of the vehicle and drives all four roadwheels This layout is typically chosen for better control on many surfaces and is an important part of rally racing as well as off road driving Most four wheel drive layouts are front engined and are derivatives of earlier front engine rear wheel drive designs Mid engine four wheel drive Edit Main article Mid engine four wheel drive layout The mid engine four wheel drive layout abbreviated as M4 layout places the engine in the middle of the vehicle between both axles and drives all four road wheels Although the term mid engine can mean the engine is placed anywhere in the vehicle such that the centre of gravity of the engine lies between the front and rear axles it is usually used for sports cars and racing cars where the engine is behind the passenger compartment The motive output is then sent down a shaft to a differential in the centre of the car which in the case of an M4 layout distributes power to both front and rear axles Rear engine four wheel drive Edit R4 layout the engine is located behind the rear axle Main article Rear engine four wheel drive layout The rear engine four wheel drive layout abbreviated as R4 places the engine at the rear of the vehicle and drives all four wheels This layout is typically chosen to improve the traction or the handling of existing vehicle designs using the rear engine rear wheel drive layout RR For example the Porsche 911 added all wheel drive to the existing line up of rear wheel drive models in 1989 See also EditAutomobile handling Vehicle categoryReferences Edit All About Front Rear Four and All Wheel Drive www edmunds com Retrieved 18 December 2018 All Wheel Drive vs Front Wheel Drive www usnews com Retrieved 18 December 2018 FWD vs RWD Which Is Best For You www usnews com Retrieved 18 December 2018 The Best Wheel Drive For You Rear Wheel Drive Front Wheel Drive Four Wheel Drive All Wheel Drive www kbb com Retrieved 18 December 2018 Wheel Drive Explained All Wheel Drive and More www vroomgirls com Retrieved 18 December 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Powertrain layout amp oldid 1104077679, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
