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Wikipedia

OCLC

January 02, 2023

Coordinates: 40°06′09″N 83°07′37″W / 40.1025°N 83.1269°W / 40.1025; -83.1269

OCLC, Inc., doing business as OCLC,[6] is an American nonprofit cooperative organization "that provides shared technology services, original research, and community programs for its membership and the library community at large".[5] It was founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center, then became the Online Computer Library Center as it expanded. In 2017, the name was formally changed to OCLC, Inc.[6] OCLC and thousands of its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat, the largest online public access catalog (OPAC) in the world.[7] OCLC is funded mainly by the fees that libraries pay (around $217.8 million annually in total as of 2021) for the many different services it offers.[3] OCLC also maintains the Dewey Decimal Classification system.

OCLC, Inc.
OCLC headquarters
TypeNonprofit cooperative
IndustryInformation
FoundedJuly 5, 1967; 55 years ago (1967-07-05) (as Ohio College Library Center)
FounderFrederick G. Kilgour
Headquarters
Dublin, Ohio
,
US
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Skip Prichard, President and CEO[1]
Products
[2]
Revenue$217.8 million[3] (2020–21)
Total assets$425 million[4] (2015–16)
Total equity$239 million[4] (2015–16)
Members30,000+ libraries in 100+ countries[5] (2022)
WebsiteOfficial website

History

OCLC began in 1967, as the Ohio College Library Center, through a collaboration of university presidents, vice presidents, and library directors who wanted to create a cooperative, computerized network for libraries in the state of Ohio. The group first met on July 5, 1967, on the campus of Ohio State University to sign the articles of incorporation for the nonprofit organization[8] and hired Frederick G. Kilgour, a former Yale University medical school librarian, to design the shared cataloging system.[9] Kilgour wished to merge the latest information storage and retrieval system of the time, the computer, with the oldest, the library. The plan was to merge the catalogs of Ohio libraries electronically through a computer network and database to streamline operations, control costs, and increase efficiency in library management, bringing libraries together to cooperatively keep track of the world's information in order to best serve researchers and scholars. The first library to do online cataloging through OCLC was the Alden Library at Ohio University on August 26, 1971. This was the first online cataloging by any library worldwide.[8]

Membership in OCLC is based on use of services and contribution of data. Between 1967 and 1977, OCLC membership was limited to institutions in Ohio, but in 1978, a new governance structure was established that allowed institutions from other states to join. In 2002, the governance structure was again modified to accommodate participation from outside the United States.[10]

As OCLC expanded services in the United States outside Ohio, it relied on establishing strategic partnerships with "networks", organizations that provided training, support and marketing services. By 2008, there were 15 independent United States regional service providers. OCLC networks played a key role in OCLC governance, with networks electing delegates to serve on the OCLC Members Council. During 2008, OCLC commissioned two studies to look at distribution channels; at the same time, the council approved governance changes that had been recommended by the Board of Trustees severing the tie between the networks and governance. In early 2009, OCLC negotiated new contracts with the former networks and opened a centralized support center.[11]

Presidents

The following people served successively as president of OCLC:[12]

Services

OCLC provides bibliographic, abstract and full-text information to anyone.

OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat—the OCLC Online Union Catalog, the largest online public access catalog (OPAC) in the world.[7] WorldCat has holding records from public and private libraries worldwide.

The Online Computer Library Center acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the Dewey Decimal Classification System when it bought Forest Press in 1988. A browser[13] for books with their Dewey Decimal Classifications was available until July 2013; it was replaced by the Classify Service.

Until August 2009, when it was sold to Backstage Library Works, OCLC owned a preservation microfilm and digitization operation called the OCLC Preservation Service Center,[14] with its principal office in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

Starting in 1971, OCLC produced catalog cards for members alongside its shared online catalog; the company printed its last catalog cards on October 1, 2015.[15]

QuestionPoint,[16] an around-the-clock reference service provided to users by a cooperative of participating global libraries, was acquired by Springshare from OCLC in 2019 and migrated to Springshare's LibAnswers platform.[17][18]

Software

OCLC commercially sells software, such as:

Research

OCLC has been conducting research for the library community for more than 30 years. In accordance with its mission, OCLC makes its research outcomes known through various publications.[27] These publications, including journal articles, reports, newsletters, and presentations, are available through the organization's website.

  • OCLC Publications – Research articles from various journals including The Code4Lib Journal, OCLC Research, Reference and User Services Quarterly, College & Research Libraries News, Art Libraries Journal, and National Education Association Newsletter. The most recent publications are displayed first, and all archived resources, starting in 1970, are also available.[28]
  • Membership Reports – A number of significant reports on topics ranging from virtual reference in libraries to perceptions about library funding.[29]
  • Newsletters – Current and archived newsletters for the library and archive community.[30]
  • Presentations – Presentations from both guest speakers and OCLC research from conferences, webcasts, and other events. The presentations are organized into five categories: Conference presentations, Dewey presentations, Distinguished Seminar Series, Guest presentations, and Research staff presentations.[31]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, OCLC participated in the REopening Archives, Libraries, and Museums (REALM) project funded by the IMLS to study the surface transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 on common library and museum materials and surfaces,[32] and published a series of reports.[33]

Advocacy

Advocacy has been a part of OCLC's mission since its founding in 1967. OCLC staff members meet and work regularly with library leaders, information professionals, researchers, entrepreneurs, political leaders, trustees, students and patrons to advocate "advancing research, scholarship, education, community development, information access, and global cooperation".[34][35]

WebJunction, which provides training services to librarians,[36] is a division of OCLC funded by grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation beginning in 2003.[37][38]

OCLC partnered with search engine providers in 2003 to advocate for libraries and share information across the Internet landscape. Google, Yahoo!, and Ask.com all collaborated with OCLC to make WorldCat records searchable through those search engines.[34]

OCLC's advocacy campaign "Geek the Library", started in 2009, highlights the role of public libraries. The campaign, funded by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, uses a strategy based on the findings of the 2008 OCLC report, "From Awareness to Funding: A study of library support in America".[39]

Other past advocacy campaigns have focused on sharing the knowledge gained from library and information research. Such projects have included communities such as the Society of American Archivists, the Open Archives Initiative, the Institute for Museum and Library Services, the International Organization for Standardization, the National Information Standards Organization, the World Wide Web Consortium, the Internet Engineering Task Force, and Internet2. One of the most successful contributions to this effort was the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, "an open forum of libraries, archives, museums, technology organizations, and software companies who work together to develop interoperable online metadata standards that support a broad range of purposes and business models."[34]

OCLC has collaborated with the Wikimedia Foundation and the Wikimedia volunteer community, through integrating library metadata with Wikimedia projects, hosting a Wikipedian in residence, and doing a national training program through WebJunction called "Wikipedia + Libraries: Better Together".[40][41][42]

Online database: WorldCat

Main article: WorldCat

OCLC's WorldCat database is used by the general public and by librarians for cataloging and research. WorldCat is available to the public for searching via a subscription web-based service called FirstSearch, to which many libraries subscribe,[43] as well as through the publicly available WorldCat.org.[44]

Identifiers and linked data

OCLC assigns a unique control number (referred to as an "OCN" for "OCLC Control Number") to each new bibliographic record in the WorldCat. Numbers are assigned serially, and as of mid-2013 over a billion OCNs had been created. In September 2013, the OCLC declared these numbers to be in the public domain, removing a perceived barrier to widespread use of OCNs outside OCLC itself.[45] The control numbers link WorldCat's records to local library system records by providing a common reference key for a record across libraries.[46]

OCNs are particularly useful as identifiers for books and other bibliographic materials that do not have ISBNs (e.g., books published before 1970). OCNs are often used as identifiers for Wikipedia and Wikidata. In October 2013, it was reported that out of 29,673 instances of book infoboxes in Wikipedia, "there were 23,304 ISBNs and 15,226 OCNs", and regarding Wikidata: "of around 14 million Wikidata items, 28,741 were books. 5403 Wikidata items have an ISBN associated with them, and 12,262 have OCNs."[47]

OCLC also runs the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF), an international name authority file, with oversight from the VIAF Council composed of representatives of institutions that contribute data to VIAF.[48] VIAF numbers are broadly used as standard identifiers, including in Wikipedia.[40][49]

Company acquisitions

 
OCLC offices in Leiden (the Netherlands)

OCLC acquired NetLibrary, a provider of electronic books and textbooks, in 2002 and sold it in 2010 to EBSCO Industries.[50] OCLC owns 100% of the shares of OCLC PICA, a library automation systems and services company which has its headquarters in Leiden in the Netherlands and which was renamed "OCLC" at the end of 2007.[51] In July 2006, the Research Libraries Group (RLG) merged with OCLC.[52][53]

On January 11, 2008, OCLC announced[54] that it had purchased EZproxy. It has also acquired OAIster. The process started in January 2009 and from October 31, 2009, OAIster records are freely available via WorldCat.org.

In 2013, OCLC acquired the Dutch library automation company HKA[55][56] and its integrated library system Wise,[23] which OCLC calls a "community engagement system" that "combines the power of customer relationship management, marketing, and analytics with ILS functions".[22] OCLC began offering Wise to libraries in the United States in 2019.[23]

In January 2015, OCLC acquired Sustainable Collection Services (SCS). SCS offered consulting services based on analyzing library print collection data to help libraries manage and share materials.[57] In 2017, OCLC acquired Relais International, a library interlibrary loan service provider based in Ottawa, Canada.[58]

A more complete list of mergers and acquisitions is available on the OCLC website.[59]

Criticism

In May 2008, OCLC was criticized by Jeffrey Beall for monopolistic practices, among other faults.[60] Library blogger Rick Mason responded that although he thought Beall had some "valid criticisms" of OCLC, he demurred from some of Beall's statements and warned readers to "beware the hyperbole and the personal nature of his criticism, for they strongly overshadow that which is worth stating".[61]

In November 2008, the Board of Directors of OCLC unilaterally issued a new Policy for Use and Transfer of WorldCat Records[62] that would have required member libraries to include an OCLC policy note on their bibliographic records; the policy caused an uproar among librarian bloggers.[63][64] Among those who protested the policy was the non-librarian activist Aaron Swartz, who believed the policy would threaten projects such as the Open Library, Zotero, and Wikipedia, and who started a petition to "Stop the OCLC powergrab".[65][66] Swartz's petition garnered 858 signatures, but the details of his proposed actions went largely unheeded.[64] Within a few months, the library community had forced OCLC to retract its policy and to create a Review Board to consult with member libraries more transparently.[64] In August 2012, OCLC recommended that member libraries adopt the Open Data Commons Attribution (ODC-BY) license when sharing library catalog data, although some member libraries have explicit agreements with OCLC that they can publish catalog data using the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.[67][68]

In July 2010, the company was sued by SkyRiver, a rival startup, in an antitrust suit.[69] Library automation company Innovative Interfaces joined SkyRiver in the suit.[70] The suit was dropped in March 2013, however, following the acquisition of SkyRiver by Innovative Interfaces.[71] Innovative Interfaces was later bought by ExLibris, therefore passing OCLC as the dominant supplier of ILS services in the USA (over 70% market share for academic libraries and over 50% for public libraries for ExLibris, versus OCLC's 10% market share of both types of libraries in 2019).[72]

See also

References

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  32. ^ Smith, Carrie (January 4, 2021). "REALM test results: how long SARS-CoV-2 lives on common library materials". American Libraries. from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
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Further reading

  • Bénaud, Claire-Lise; Bordeianu, Sever (October 2015). "OCLC's WorldShare Management Services: a brave new world for catalogers". Cataloging & Classification Quarterly. 53 (7): 738–752. doi:10.1080/01639374.2014.1003668. S2CID 62642181.
  • Blackman, Cathy; Moore, Erica Rae; Seikel, Michele; Smith, Mandi (July 2014). "WorldCat and SkyRiver: a comparison of record quantity and fullness". Library Resources & Technical Services. 58 (3): 178–186. doi:10.5860/lrts.58n3.178.
  • Breeding, Marshall (May 2015). "Library services platforms: a maturing genre of products". Library Technology Reports. 51 (4): 1–38. doi:10.5860/ltr.51n4.
  • Jordan, Jay, ed. (2011). Weaving libraries into the web: OCLC 1998–2008. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415576901. OCLC 759584353.
  • Maciuszko, Kathleen L. (1984). OCLC, a decade of development, 1967–1977. Littleton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited. ISBN 0872874079. OCLC 10483157.
  • Matthews, Joseph R. (July 2016). "An environmental scan of OCLC alternatives: a management perspective". Public Library Quarterly. 35 (3): 175–187. doi:10.1080/01616846.2016.1210440.
  • Richardson, Ellen (January 2012). "Ain't no (Sky)River wide enough to keep me from getting to you: SkyRiver, Innovative, OCLC, and the fight for control over the bibliographic data, cataloging services, ILL, and ILS markets". Legal Reference Services Quarterly. 31 (1): 37–64. doi:10.1080/0270319X.2012.654065. S2CID 62595756.
  • Smith, K. Wayne, ed. (1998). OCLC, 1967–1997: thirty years of furthering access to the world's information. New York: Haworth Press. ISBN 0789005360. OCLC 38732191.
  • "WorldCat data licensing" (PDF). oclc.org. (PDF) from the original on December 31, 2018. Retrieved December 31, 2018. See also: "Data licenses & attribution". oclc.org. January 14, 2017. from the original on December 31, 2018. Retrieved December 31, 2018. Information about licensing of WorldCat records and some other OCLC data.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to OCLC.
  • Official website  
  • "Hanging Together – the OCLC Research blog".
  • "OCLC Annual Reports collection". OCLC Archives.
  • "WorldCat.org".
  • Works by or about OCLC in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

January 02, 2023
oclc, coordinates, 1025, 1269, 1025, 1269, doing, business, american, nonprofit, cooperative, organization, that, provides, shared, technology, services, original, research, community, programs, membership, library, community, large, founded, 1967, ohio, colle. Coordinates 40 06 09 N 83 07 37 W 40 1025 N 83 1269 W 40 1025 83 1269 OCLC Inc doing business as OCLC 6 is an American nonprofit cooperative organization that provides shared technology services original research and community programs for its membership and the library community at large 5 It was founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center then became the Online Computer Library Center as it expanded In 2017 the name was formally changed to OCLC Inc 6 OCLC and thousands of its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat the largest online public access catalog OPAC in the world 7 OCLC is funded mainly by the fees that libraries pay around 217 8 million annually in total as of 2021 update for the many different services it offers 3 OCLC also maintains the Dewey Decimal Classification system OCLC Inc OCLC headquartersTypeNonprofit cooperativeIndustryInformationFoundedJuly 5 1967 55 years ago 1967 07 05 as Ohio College Library Center FounderFrederick G KilgourHeadquartersDublin Ohio USArea servedWorldwideKey peopleSkip Prichard President and CEO 1 ProductsWorldCatAmlibBIBLIOTHECAplusCapiraCatExpressCONTENTdmDewey Decimal ClassificationEZproxyFirstSearchLBSOLIBPiCartaRelais ILL amp D2DSISIS SunRiseSyndeoTipasaTouchPointUnityUKVDXWebJunctionWiseWorldShare 2 Revenue 217 8 million 3 2020 21 Total assets 425 million 4 2015 16 Total equity 239 million 4 2015 16 Members30 000 libraries in 100 countries 5 2022 WebsiteOfficial website Contents 1 History 1 1 Presidents 2 Services 3 Software 4 Research 5 Advocacy 6 Online database WorldCat 7 Identifiers and linked data 8 Company acquisitions 9 Criticism 10 See also 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External linksHistory EditOCLC began in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center through a collaboration of university presidents vice presidents and library directors who wanted to create a cooperative computerized network for libraries in the state of Ohio The group first met on July 5 1967 on the campus of Ohio State University to sign the articles of incorporation for the nonprofit organization 8 and hired Frederick G Kilgour a former Yale University medical school librarian to design the shared cataloging system 9 Kilgour wished to merge the latest information storage and retrieval system of the time the computer with the oldest the library The plan was to merge the catalogs of Ohio libraries electronically through a computer network and database to streamline operations control costs and increase efficiency in library management bringing libraries together to cooperatively keep track of the world s information in order to best serve researchers and scholars The first library to do online cataloging through OCLC was the Alden Library at Ohio University on August 26 1971 This was the first online cataloging by any library worldwide 8 Membership in OCLC is based on use of services and contribution of data Between 1967 and 1977 OCLC membership was limited to institutions in Ohio but in 1978 a new governance structure was established that allowed institutions from other states to join In 2002 the governance structure was again modified to accommodate participation from outside the United States 10 As OCLC expanded services in the United States outside Ohio it relied on establishing strategic partnerships with networks organizations that provided training support and marketing services By 2008 there were 15 independent United States regional service providers OCLC networks played a key role in OCLC governance with networks electing delegates to serve on the OCLC Members Council During 2008 OCLC commissioned two studies to look at distribution channels at the same time the council approved governance changes that had been recommended by the Board of Trustees severing the tie between the networks and governance In early 2009 OCLC negotiated new contracts with the former networks and opened a centralized support center 11 Presidents Edit The following people served successively as president of OCLC 12 1967 1980 Frederick G Kilgour 1980 1989 Rowland C W Brown 1989 1998 K Wayne Smith 1998 2013 Jay Jordan 2013 present Skip PrichardServices EditOCLC provides bibliographic abstract and full text information to anyone OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat the OCLC Online Union Catalog the largest online public access catalog OPAC in the world 7 WorldCat has holding records from public and private libraries worldwide The Online Computer Library Center acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the Dewey Decimal Classification System when it bought Forest Press in 1988 A browser 13 for books with their Dewey Decimal Classifications was available until July 2013 it was replaced by the Classify Service Until August 2009 when it was sold to Backstage Library Works OCLC owned a preservation microfilm and digitization operation called the OCLC Preservation Service Center 14 with its principal office in Bethlehem Pennsylvania Starting in 1971 OCLC produced catalog cards for members alongside its shared online catalog the company printed its last catalog cards on October 1 2015 15 QuestionPoint 16 an around the clock reference service provided to users by a cooperative of participating global libraries was acquired by Springshare from OCLC in 2019 and migrated to Springshare s LibAnswers platform 17 18 Software EditOCLC commercially sells software such as CONTENTdm for managing digital collections 19 20 21 Wise an integrated library system and community engagement system 22 23 WorldCat Discovery a bibliographic discovery system that allows library patrons to use a single search interface to access an institution s catalog ebooks database subscriptions and more 24 25 WorldShare Management Services an electronic resource management system 26 25 Research EditOCLC has been conducting research for the library community for more than 30 years In accordance with its mission OCLC makes its research outcomes known through various publications 27 These publications including journal articles reports newsletters and presentations are available through the organization s website OCLC Publications Research articles from various journals including The Code4Lib Journal OCLC Research Reference and User Services Quarterly College amp Research Libraries News Art Libraries Journal and National Education Association Newsletter The most recent publications are displayed first and all archived resources starting in 1970 are also available 28 Membership Reports A number of significant reports on topics ranging from virtual reference in libraries to perceptions about library funding 29 Newsletters Current and archived newsletters for the library and archive community 30 Presentations Presentations from both guest speakers and OCLC research from conferences webcasts and other events The presentations are organized into five categories Conference presentations Dewey presentations Distinguished Seminar Series Guest presentations and Research staff presentations 31 During the COVID 19 pandemic OCLC participated in the REopening Archives Libraries and Museums REALM project funded by the IMLS to study the surface transmission risks of SARS CoV 2 on common library and museum materials and surfaces 32 and published a series of reports 33 Advocacy EditAdvocacy has been a part of OCLC s mission since its founding in 1967 OCLC staff members meet and work regularly with library leaders information professionals researchers entrepreneurs political leaders trustees students and patrons to advocate advancing research scholarship education community development information access and global cooperation 34 35 WebJunction which provides training services to librarians 36 is a division of OCLC funded by grants from the Bill amp Melinda Gates Foundation beginning in 2003 37 38 OCLC partnered with search engine providers in 2003 to advocate for libraries and share information across the Internet landscape Google Yahoo and Ask com all collaborated with OCLC to make WorldCat records searchable through those search engines 34 OCLC s advocacy campaign Geek the Library started in 2009 highlights the role of public libraries The campaign funded by a grant from the Bill amp Melinda Gates Foundation uses a strategy based on the findings of the 2008 OCLC report From Awareness to Funding A study of library support in America 39 Other past advocacy campaigns have focused on sharing the knowledge gained from library and information research Such projects have included communities such as the Society of American Archivists the Open Archives Initiative the Institute for Museum and Library Services the International Organization for Standardization the National Information Standards Organization the World Wide Web Consortium the Internet Engineering Task Force and Internet2 One of the most successful contributions to this effort was the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative an open forum of libraries archives museums technology organizations and software companies who work together to develop interoperable online metadata standards that support a broad range of purposes and business models 34 OCLC has collaborated with the Wikimedia Foundation and the Wikimedia volunteer community through integrating library metadata with Wikimedia projects hosting a Wikipedian in residence and doing a national training program through WebJunction called Wikipedia Libraries Better Together 40 41 42 Online database WorldCat EditMain article WorldCat OCLC s WorldCat database is used by the general public and by librarians for cataloging and research WorldCat is available to the public for searching via a subscription web based service called FirstSearch to which many libraries subscribe 43 as well as through the publicly available WorldCat org 44 Identifiers and linked data EditOCLC assigns a unique control number referred to as an OCN for OCLC Control Number to each new bibliographic record in the WorldCat Numbers are assigned serially and as of mid 2013 over a billion OCNs had been created In September 2013 the OCLC declared these numbers to be in the public domain removing a perceived barrier to widespread use of OCNs outside OCLC itself 45 The control numbers link WorldCat s records to local library system records by providing a common reference key for a record across libraries 46 OCNs are particularly useful as identifiers for books and other bibliographic materials that do not have ISBNs e g books published before 1970 OCNs are often used as identifiers for Wikipedia and Wikidata In October 2013 it was reported that out of 29 673 instances of book infoboxes in Wikipedia there were 23 304 ISBNs and 15 226 OCNs and regarding Wikidata of around 14 million Wikidata items 28 741 were books 5403 Wikidata items have an ISBN associated with them and 12 262 have OCNs 47 OCLC also runs the Virtual International Authority File VIAF an international name authority file with oversight from the VIAF Council composed of representatives of institutions that contribute data to VIAF 48 VIAF numbers are broadly used as standard identifiers including in Wikipedia 40 49 Company acquisitions Edit OCLC offices in Leiden the Netherlands OCLC acquired NetLibrary a provider of electronic books and textbooks in 2002 and sold it in 2010 to EBSCO Industries 50 OCLC owns 100 of the shares of OCLC PICA a library automation systems and services company which has its headquarters in Leiden in the Netherlands and which was renamed OCLC at the end of 2007 51 In July 2006 the Research Libraries Group RLG merged with OCLC 52 53 On January 11 2008 OCLC announced 54 that it had purchased EZproxy It has also acquired OAIster The process started in January 2009 and from October 31 2009 OAIster records are freely available via WorldCat org In 2013 OCLC acquired the Dutch library automation company HKA 55 56 and its integrated library system Wise 23 which OCLC calls a community engagement system that combines the power of customer relationship management marketing and analytics with ILS functions 22 OCLC began offering Wise to libraries in the United States in 2019 23 In January 2015 OCLC acquired Sustainable Collection Services SCS SCS offered consulting services based on analyzing library print collection data to help libraries manage and share materials 57 In 2017 OCLC acquired Relais International a library interlibrary loan service provider based in Ottawa Canada 58 A more complete list of mergers and acquisitions is available on the OCLC website 59 Criticism EditIn May 2008 OCLC was criticized by Jeffrey Beall for monopolistic practices among other faults 60 Library blogger Rick Mason responded that although he thought Beall had some valid criticisms of OCLC he demurred from some of Beall s statements and warned readers to beware the hyperbole and the personal nature of his criticism for they strongly overshadow that which is worth stating 61 In November 2008 the Board of Directors of OCLC unilaterally issued a new Policy for Use and Transfer of WorldCat Records 62 that would have required member libraries to include an OCLC policy note on their bibliographic records the policy caused an uproar among librarian bloggers 63 64 Among those who protested the policy was the non librarian activist Aaron Swartz who believed the policy would threaten projects such as the Open Library Zotero and Wikipedia and who started a petition to Stop the OCLC powergrab 65 66 Swartz s petition garnered 858 signatures but the details of his proposed actions went largely unheeded 64 Within a few months the library community had forced OCLC to retract its policy and to create a Review Board to consult with member libraries more transparently 64 In August 2012 OCLC recommended that member libraries adopt the Open Data Commons Attribution ODC BY license when sharing library catalog data although some member libraries have explicit agreements with OCLC that they can publish catalog data using the CC0 Public Domain Dedication 67 68 In July 2010 the company was sued by SkyRiver a rival startup in an antitrust suit 69 Library automation company Innovative Interfaces joined SkyRiver in the suit 70 The suit was dropped in March 2013 however following the acquisition of SkyRiver by Innovative Interfaces 71 Innovative Interfaces was later bought by ExLibris therefore passing OCLC as the dominant supplier of ILS services in the USA over 70 market share for academic libraries and over 50 for public libraries for ExLibris versus OCLC s 10 market share of both types of libraries in 2019 72 See also EditDynix software Public library advocacyReferences Edit OCLC leadership www oclc org OCLC Archived from the original on January 21 2022 Retrieved March 10 2022 OCLC Qualifying Subscriptions for Membership PDF www oclc org OCLC February 15 2022 Archived PDF from the original on March 11 2022 Retrieved March 11 2022 a b OCLC Annual Report 2020 2021 Dublin Ohio OCLC December 20 2021 Archived from the original on March 11 2022 Retrieved March 11 2022 a b OCLC Consolidated Financial Statements 2015 16 PDF OCLC September 12 2016 Archived PDF from the original on April 14 2021 Retrieved May 28 2017 a b About OCLC OCLC Archived from the original on March 11 2022 Retrieved March 11 2022 a b Certificate of Amendment of the Amended Articles of Incorporation of OCLC Online Computer Library Center Inc Ohio Secretary of State June 26 2017 Archived from the original on March 21 2020 Retrieved August 18 2019 See also Amended Articles of Incorporation of OCLC Inc PDF www oclc org OCLC June 23 2017 Archived PDF from the original on March 11 2022 Retrieved March 11 2022 a b Oswald Godfrey 2017 Largest unified international library catalog Library world records 3rd ed Jefferson NC McFarland amp Company p 291 ISBN 9781476667775 OCLC 959650095 Archived from the original on March 8 2020 Retrieved December 11 2019 a b In the beginning oclc org OCLC Archived from the original on October 4 2012 Retrieved August 28 2012 Intner Sheila March April 2007 The Passing of an Era Technicalities 27 1 14 ISSN 0272 0884 Bates Marcia J Maack Mary Niles eds 2010 Encyclopedia of library and information sciences Vol V 3rd ed Boca Raton Florida CRC Press p 3924 ISBN 9780849397127 OCLC 769480033 Bailey Hainer Brenda October 19 2009 The OCLC Network of Regional Service Providers The Last 10 Years Journal of Library Administration 49 6 621 629 doi 10 1080 01930820903238792 ISSN 0193 0826 S2CID 61936408 OCLC Presidents www oclc org OCLC Archived from the original on February 23 2022 Retrieved March 10 2020 OCLC DeweyBrowser deweybrowser oclc org Archived from the original on May 25 2017 Retrieved May 28 2017 Preservation Service Center OCLC Archived from the original on December 29 2003 OCLC prints last library catalog cards www oclc org October 1 2015 Archived from the original on February 27 2017 Retrieved May 28 2015 QuestionPoint OCLC Archived from the original on February 15 2017 Retrieved May 28 2017 Gest Jayne June 3 2019 OCLC to sell QuestionPoint software to Florida company Smart Business Dealmakers Columbus Archived from the original on April 25 2020 Retrieved April 25 2020 Springshare Acquires QuestionPoint from OCLC springshare com May 31 2019 Archived from the original on May 13 2020 Retrieved April 25 2020 CONTENTdm OCLC Archived from the original on May 27 2017 Retrieved May 28 2017 Gilbert Heather Mobley Tyler April 17 2013 Breaking up with CONTENTdm why and how one institution took the leap to open source The Code4Lib Journal 20 ISSN 1940 5758 Archived from the original on May 22 2020 Retrieved April 25 2020 Mita Amanda Pelli Zachary Reamer Kimberly Ince Sharon April 2018 CONTENTdm to Digital Commons considerations and workflows Journal of Archival Organization 15 1 2 58 70 doi 10 1080 15332748 2019 1609308 S2CID 198349364 a b OCLC Wise Community engagement system for public libraries OCLC Archived from the original on April 11 2020 Retrieved April 25 2020 a b c Johnson Ben April 2 2019 OCLC Wise Reimagines the ILS infotoday com Information Today Archived from the original on May 22 2020 Retrieved April 25 2020 WorldCat Discovery OCLC Archived from the original on April 14 2020 Retrieved March 11 2019 a b Breeding Marshall January 2 2019 Discovery services bundled or separate American Libraries Archived from the original on May 22 2020 Retrieved April 25 2020 Should discovery services be bundled or acquired a la carte Perspectives differ regarding the benefits of pairing a discovery service for example Ex Libris Primo or OCLC s WorldCat Discovery Service with the resource management system from the same vendor Ex Libris Alma or OCLC s WorldShare Management Services WorldShare Management Services An advanced cloud based library services platform OCLC Archived from the original on May 1 2020 Retrieved April 25 2020 Hyatt Shirley Young Jeffrey A 2005 OCLC Research Publications Repository D Lib Magazine 11 3 doi 10 1045 march2005 hyatt OCLC Publications www oclc org Archived from the original on June 20 2012 Retrieved August 28 2012 OCLC Membership Reports www oclc org Archived from the original on March 1 2013 Retrieved August 28 2012 OCLC Newsletters www oclc org Archived from the original on May 8 2012 Retrieved August 28 2012 OCLC Presentations www oclc org Archived from the original on January 19 2013 Retrieved August 28 2012 Smith Carrie January 4 2021 REALM test results how long SARS CoV 2 lives on common library materials American Libraries Archived from the original on June 24 2021 Retrieved June 19 2021 REALM project Research www oclc org Archived from the original on June 24 2021 Retrieved June 19 2021 a b c Rosa Cathy De October 22 2009 Advocacy and OCLC Journal of Library Administration 49 7 719 726 doi 10 1080 01930820903260572 ISSN 0193 0826 Grossman Wendy M January 21 2009 Why you can t find a library book in your search engine The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Archived from the original on January 14 2014 Retrieved May 28 2017 WebJunction OCLC Archived from the original on December 29 2016 Retrieved April 30 2014 Block Marylaine May 19 2003 Gates Foundation and OCLC announce WebJunction infotoday com Information Today Archived from the original on April 25 2020 Retrieved April 25 2020 Enis Matt September 7 2012 Grant to support OCLC WebJunction for five years Library Journal Archived from the original on April 25 2020 Retrieved April 25 2020 Advocacy From Awareness to Funding the next chapter www oclc org OCLC July 18 2018 Archived from the original on August 8 2018 Retrieved March 13 2017 a b Libraries Leverage Wikimedia www oclc org OCLC Archived from the original on April 14 2020 Retrieved April 25 2020 Wikipedia Libraries Better Together webjunction org Archived from the original on April 15 2020 Retrieved April 25 2020 Wikipedia Libraries Better Together OCLC WebJunction archive org August 22 2018 Retrieved April 25 2020 Training curriculum and support materials FirstSearch Precision searching of WorldCat OCLC Archived from the original on February 21 2013 Retrieved June 26 2019 Hane Paula J July 17 2006 OCLC to open WorldCat searching to the world infotoday com Information Today Archived from the original on May 10 2020 Retrieved June 26 2019 Wallis Richard September 24 2013 OCLC Declare OCLC Control Numbers Public Domain dataliberate com Archived from the original on September 11 2015 Retrieved January 3 2014 OCLC Control Number Archived from the original on January 3 2014 Retrieved January 3 2014 HangingTogether org October 11 2013 OCLC Control Numbers in the Wild Archived from the original on January 4 2014 Retrieved January 3 2014 VIAF Council www oclc org OCLC December 20 2019 Archived from the original on April 25 2020 Retrieved April 25 2020 Klein Maximilian Kyrios Alex October 14 2013 VIAFbot and the integration of library data on Wikipedia The Code4Lib Journal 22 ISSN 1940 5758 Archived from the original on April 15 2020 Retrieved April 25 2020 Jordan Jay March 17 2010 Letter to members 2010 OCLC Archived from the original on March 26 2010 Rogers Michael October 30 2007 CLC OCLC Pica Merge Library Journal New York Archived from the original on October 28 2008 Wilson Lizabeth Neal James Jordan Jay October 2006 RLG and OCLC Combining for the Future guest editorial Library and Information Science Vol 6 no 4 Retrieved via Project Muse database 2017 06 21 RLG to combine with OCLC worldcat org OCLC May 3 2006 Archived from the original on October 11 2017 Retrieved June 22 2017 Press release OCLC acquires EZproxy authentication and access software www oclc org January 11 2008 Archived from the original on January 17 2008 OCLC acquires Dutch library systems provider HKA STM Publishing News October 2 2013 Archived from the original on May 22 2020 Retrieved April 25 2020 Breeding Marshall November 2013 OCLC acquires the Dutch ILS provider HKA Smart Libraries Newsletter 33 11 2 6 Archived from the original on April 25 2020 Retrieved April 25 2020 Price Gary January 13 2015 Print Collections OCLC Acquires Sustainable Collection Services Infodocket Archived from the original on April 11 2015 Retrieved March 6 2015 OCLC agrees to acquire Relais International to provide library consortia more options for resource sharing www oclc org January 17 2017 Archived from the original on January 2 2020 Retrieved May 16 2017 Mergers and acquisitions www oclc org OCLC March 26 2021 Archived from the original on June 24 2021 Retrieved June 18 2021 Beall Jeffrey 2008 OCLC A Review PDF In Roberto K R ed Radical Cataloging Essays at the Front Jefferson NC McFarland amp Company pp 85 93 ISBN 978 0786435432 OCLC 173241123 Archived PDF from the original on May 25 2017 Retrieved May 16 2017 Mason Rick June 10 2008 OCLC A Review a review libology com Archived from the original on February 7 2020 Retrieved February 7 2020 Policy for Use and Transfer of WorldCat Records marc coffeecode net Archived from the original on December 6 2016 Retrieved February 6 2020 Archived image of OCLC webpage dated November 2 2008 OCLC Policy Change wiki code4lib org 2008 2010 Archived from the original on August 6 2020 Retrieved July 18 2020 a b c McKenzie Elizabeth January 2012 OCLC changes its rules for use of records in WorldCat library community pushback through blogs and cultures of resistance Technical report Boston Suffolk University Law School Research paper 12 06 Archived from the original on March 14 2022 Retrieved October 8 2017 Stop the OCLC powergrab watchdog net February 18 2009 Archived from the original on February 18 2009 Retrieved February 6 2020 Stealing Your Library The OCLC Powergrab Aaron Swartz s Raw Thought aaronsw com June 4 2011 Archived from the original on June 4 2011 Retrieved February 6 2020 Vollmer Timothy August 14 2012 Library catalog metadata Open licensing or public domain Creative Commons Archived from the original on April 21 2020 Retrieved February 6 2020 Price Gary February 14 2014 Metadata Catalog Records National Library of Sweden Signs Agreement With OCLC Re CC0 License Library Journal Archived from the original on April 18 2020 Retrieved February 6 2020 Coyle Karen July 29 2010 SkyRiver Sues OCLC over Anti Trust Karen Coyle Archived from the original on April 17 2020 Retrieved April 12 2012 Breeding Marshall July 29 2010 SkyRiver and Innovative Interfaces File Major Antitrust Lawsuit Against OCLC Library Journal Archived from the original on August 2 2010 Price Gary March 4 2013 III Drops OCLC Suit Will Absorb SkyRiver Library Journal Archived from the original on April 18 2020 Retrieved February 7 2020 Schonfeld Roger C December 5 2019 What Are the Larger Implications of Ex Libris Buying Innovative sr ithaka org Archived from the original on June 12 2020 Retrieved April 25 2020 Further reading EditBenaud Claire Lise Bordeianu Sever October 2015 OCLC s WorldShare Management Services a brave new world for catalogers Cataloging amp Classification Quarterly 53 7 738 752 doi 10 1080 01639374 2014 1003668 S2CID 62642181 Blackman Cathy Moore Erica Rae Seikel Michele Smith Mandi July 2014 WorldCat and SkyRiver a comparison of record quantity and fullness Library Resources amp Technical Services 58 3 178 186 doi 10 5860 lrts 58n3 178 Breeding Marshall May 2015 Library services platforms a maturing genre of products Library Technology Reports 51 4 1 38 doi 10 5860 ltr 51n4 Jordan Jay ed 2011 Weaving libraries into the web OCLC 1998 2008 London New York Routledge ISBN 9780415576901 OCLC 759584353 Maciuszko Kathleen L 1984 OCLC a decade of development 1967 1977 Littleton Colo Libraries Unlimited ISBN 0872874079 OCLC 10483157 Matthews Joseph R July 2016 An environmental scan of OCLC alternatives a management perspective Public Library Quarterly 35 3 175 187 doi 10 1080 01616846 2016 1210440 Richardson Ellen January 2012 Ain t no Sky River wide enough to keep me from getting to you SkyRiver Innovative OCLC and the fight for control over the bibliographic data cataloging services ILL and ILS markets Legal Reference Services Quarterly 31 1 37 64 doi 10 1080 0270319X 2012 654065 S2CID 62595756 Smith K Wayne ed 1998 OCLC 1967 1997 thirty years of furthering access to the world s information New York Haworth Press ISBN 0789005360 OCLC 38732191 WorldCat data licensing PDF oclc org Archived PDF from the original on December 31 2018 Retrieved December 31 2018 See also Data licenses amp attribution oclc org January 14 2017 Archived from the original on December 31 2018 Retrieved December 31 2018 Information about licensing of WorldCat records and some other OCLC data External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to OCLC Official website Hanging Together the OCLC Research blog OCLC Annual Reports collection OCLC Archives WorldCat org Works by or about OCLC in libraries WorldCat catalog Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title OCLC amp oldid 1124688405, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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