Tragia

For the island, see Tragia (island).

Tragia is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is widespread across North and South America, Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian Subcontinent, northern Australia, and to various islands in the Caribbean and in the Indian Ocean.^{[2][3][4][5][6][7]}

Noseburns
Tragia ramosa, southern Nevada
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily:	Acalyphoideae
Tribe:	Plukenetieae
Subtribe:	Tragiinae
Genus:	Tragia Plum. ex L.
Type species
Tragia volubilis L.^[1]
Synonyms^[2]
Agirta Baill. Allosandra Raf. Ctenomeria Harv. Lassia Baill. Leptobotrys Baill. Leptorhachis Klotzsch Leucandra Klotzsch Schorigeram Adans.

Plants in this genus are sometimes known as noseburns.^[8]

Of the more than 150 species in the genus, around 25 are mentioned as medicinal, with strong antibacterial, antifungal and antiproliferative activity.^[9]

These species are used in Siddha medicine, which is practiced by the Tamil people, and is used in curing eczema, fevers, wheezing, and diabetes^{[citation needed]}.

Species^[2]

1. Tragia abortiva – Ethiopia
2. Tragia acalyphoides – Uzaramo
3. Tragia adenanthera – Tanzania, Malawi
4. Tragia adenophila – Paraguay
5. Tragia affinis – C + S Mexico
6. Tragia aliena – tropical America
7. Tragia amblyodonta – Mexico, SW US
8. Tragia angolensis – Angola, Zambia
9. Tragia arabica – Ethiopia, Yemen, Saudi Arabia
10. Tragia arnhemica – Northern Territory
11. Tragia ashiae – Ethiopia
12. Tragia aurea – Bolivia
13. Tragia bahiensis – Brazil, NE Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
14. Tragia balfourii – Socotra
15. Tragia ballyi – Kenya
16. Tragia baroniana – Madagascar
17. Tragia benthamii – tropical Africa
18. Tragia betonicifolia – SC US
19. Tragia bicolor – S India
20. Tragia biflora – Hispaniola
21. Tragia boiviniana – Nosy Be
22. Tragia bongolana – Sudan
23. Tragia brevipes – C + E Africa
24. Tragia brevispica – Texas, Oklahoma, Tamaulipas
25. Tragia brouniana – Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia
26. Tragia capensis – South Africa
27. Tragia caperonioides – Paraguay
28. Tragia catamarcensis – Catamarca
29. Tragia ceanothifolia – Kenya
30. Tragia cearensis – Ceará
31. Tragia chevalieri – Benin, Ivory Coast, Nigeria
32. Tragia chlorocaulon – Bolivia, S Brazil
33. Tragia cinerea – Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea, Kenya
34. Tragia cocculifolia – Madagascar
35. Tragia collina – KwaZulu-Natal
36. Tragia cordata – SE + SC US
37. Tragia correae – Costa Rica, Panama
38. Tragia crenata – Ethiopia
39. Tragia cubensis – Cuba
40. Tragia cuneata – Bahia
41. Tragia descampsii – Zaire, Zambia, Tanzania
42. Tragia dinteri – Namibia
43. Tragia dioica – southern Africa
44. Tragia dodecandra – N Argentina
45. Tragia doryodes – Ethiopia
46. Tragia durbanensis – S Mozambique, South Africa
47. Tragia fallacina – Uruguay
48. Tragia fasciculata – Central African Rep
49. Tragia finalis – N Queensland
50. Tragia friesii – Bolivia, NW Argentina
51. Tragia furialis – SE Africa, Comoros, Madagascar
52. Tragia gardneri – Zimbabwe
53. Tragia geraniifolia – SE South America
54. Tragia giardelliae – S Brazil, Misiones
55. Tragia glabrescens – Kenya, Tanzania
56. Tragia glanduligera – Mexico, S Texas
57. Tragia gracilis – E Cuba
58. Tragia guatemalensis – Guatemala
59. Tragia guyanensis – Amazonas in S Venezuela
60. Tragia hassleriana – Paraguay
61. Tragia hieronymi – Bolivia, NW Argentina, Paraguay
62. Tragia hildebrandtii – E Africa
63. Tragia hispida – Uttarakhand, Nepal, Assam, Bhutan, Bangladesh
64. Tragia imerinica – Madagascar
65. Tragia impedita – Kenya, Tanzania
66. Tragia incana – Uruguay
67. Tragia incisifolia – southern Africa
68. Tragia insuavis – Kenya, Tanzania
69. Tragia involucrata – Indian Subcontinent
70. Tragia ivohibeensis – Madagascar
71. Tragia jonesii – NW Mexico
72. Tragia karsteniana – Colombia
73. Tragia kirkiana – E + SE Africa
74. Tragia laciniata – S Arizona, Chihuahua, Sonora
75. Tragia laminularis – W Africa
76. Tragia lancifolia – Namibia
77. Tragia lasiophylla – Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia
78. Tragia lassia – Madagascar
79. Tragia leucandra – S Brazil
80. Tragia lippiifolia – Tanzania
81. Tragia lukafuensis – Katanga, Zambia
82. Tragia mazoensis – Zimbabwe
83. Tragia melochioides – Uruguay, NW Argentina, Paraguay, S Brazil
84. Tragia mexicana – Mexico, Belize, Guatemala
85. Tragia meyeriana – southern Africa
86. Tragia micromenes – Zambia
87. Tragia mildbraediana – W Africa
88. Tragia minor – southern Africa
89. Tragia mitis – Sudan, Ethiopia
90. Tragia mixta – E Africa
91. Tragia moammarensis – Yemen
92. Tragia monadelpha – Guinea
93. Tragia montana – S India, Sri Lanka
94. Tragia negeliensis – Ethiopia
95. Tragia nepetifolia – Mexico, Honduras, SW US
96. Tragia nigricans – Texas
97. Tragia novae-hollandiae – Queensland, New South Wales
98. Tragia okanyua – E + SE + S Africa
99. Tragia pacifica – Chiapas, Oaxaca, Sinaloa
100. Tragia paxii – S Brazil, Misiones
101. Tragia peltata – Rio de Janeiro
102. Tragia perrieri – Madagascar
103. Tragia petiolaris – Tanzania, Zambia
104. Tragia physocarpa – Namibia, Limpopo
105. Tragia pinnata – Uruguay, NW Argentina, Paraguay, S Brazil
106. Tragia platycalyx – Singida
107. Tragia plukenetii – E + C + SC Africa, India, Sri Lanka
108. Tragia plumieri – Haiti
109. Tragia pogostemonoides – Tanzania
110. Tragia pohlii – Goiás
111. Tragia polyandra – S Brazil, Misiones, Paraguay
112. Tragia polygonoides – Ivory Coast
113. Tragia potosina – San Luis Potosí
114. Tragia praetervisa – S India, Sri Lanka
115. Tragia preussii – W + C Africa
116. Tragia prionoides – Zimbabwe, Limpopo
117. Tragia prostrata – Zambia
118. Tragia pungens – NE Africa, Yemen, Saudi Arabia
119. Tragia ramosa – SW + SC US, Nuevo León, Coahuila
120. Tragia rhodesiae – Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi
121. Tragia rhoicifolia – N Somalia
122. Tragia rogersii – Limpopo
123. Tragia rupestris – southern Africa
124. Tragia sanjappae – S India
125. Tragia saxicola – S Florida
126. Tragia schlechteri – KwaZulu-Natal
127. Tragia schweinfurthii – Ethiopia
128. Tragia senegalensis – W Africa
129. Tragia shirensis – Malawi, Mozambique
130. Tragia smallii – SE US
131. Tragia sonderi – KwaZulu-Natal, Eswatini
132. Tragia spathulata – W Africa
133. Tragia stipularis – Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia
134. Tragia subhastata – Peru
135. Tragia subsessilis – Kenya, Tanzania
136. Tragia tabulaemontana – French Guiana
137. Tragia tenuifolia – tropical Africa
138. Tragia tiverneana – Madagascar
139. Tragia tripartita – Sudan
140. Tragia tristis – Paraguay, Brazil
141. Tragia triumfetoides – Ethiopia
142. Tragia uberabana – SE + SC South America
143. Tragia ukambensis – Kenya, Uganda
144. Tragia uncinata – Ethiopia
145. Tragia urens – SE US
146. Tragia urticifolia – SE + SC US, Tamaulipas, Campeche
147. Tragia vogelii – W + C Africa
148. Tragia volubilis – Mexico, S + C America, W Indies, tropical Africa
149. Tragia wahlbergiana – Mozambique, Limpopo
150. Tragia wildemanii – W Africa
151. Tragia yucatanensis – Yucatán, Belize, Honduras

formerly included^[2]

moved to other genera (Acalypha Adenophaedra Alchornea Bia Cleidion Cnesmone Dalechampia Megistostigma Micrococca Microstachys Omphalea Pachystylidium Platygyna Plukenetia Sclerocroton Shirakiopsis Tragiella Zuckertia )

1. T. alienata – Bia alienata
2. T. ambigua – Tragiella natalensis
3. T. anisosepala – Cnesmone anisosepala
4. T. anomala – Tragiella anomala
5. T. arborea – Acalypha filiformis
6. T. bailloniana – Zuckertia cordata
7. T. bicornis – Microstachys corniculata
8. T. bracteata – Omphalea bracteata
9. T. buettneri – Dalechampia ipomoeifolia
10. T. burmanica – Megistostigma burmanicum
11. T. castaneifolia – Acalypha integrifolia subsp. marginata
12. T. chamaelea – Microstachys chamaelea
13. T. cissoides – Bia alienata
14. T. colorata – Acalypha integrifolia
15. T. corniculata – Microstachys corniculata
16. T. delpyana – Pachystylidium hirsutum
17. T. dentata (Alain) Alain 1971 not Klotzsch ex Pax & K.Hoffm. 1919 – Platygyna dentata
18. T. elliptica – Shirakiopsis elliptica
19. T. fallax – Bia fallax
20. T. fendleri – Bia fendleri
21. T. filiformis – Cleidion javanicum
22. T. frieseana – Tragiella frieseana
23. T. fruticosa – Acalypha integrifolia
24. T. gagei – Pachystylidium hirsutum
25. T. grandifolia – Adenophaedra grandifolia
26. T. hastata Reinw. ex Hassk. 1868 not (Klotzsch) Müll.Arg. 1874 – Cnesmone javanica
27. T. hexandra – Platygyna hexandra
28. T. hirsuta – Pachystylidium hirsutum
29. T. howardii – Platygyna volubilis
30. T. innocua Blanco 1845 not Walter 1788 – Alchornea rugosa
31. T. integerrima – Sclerocroton integerrimus
32. T. integrifolia – Acalypha integrifolia
33. T. irritans – Pachystylidium hirsutum
34. T. japurensis – Bia fendleri
35. T. laevis – Cnesmone laevis
36. T. leonis – Platygyna leonis
37. T. lessertiana – Bia lessertiana
38. T. lobata – Acalypha integrifolia
39. T. macrophylla – Cnesmone javanica
40. T. mairei – Cnesmone mairei
41. T. marginata – Acalypha integrifolia
42. T. mercurialis – Micrococca mercurialis
43. T. natalensis Hochst. – Sclerocroton integerrimus
44. T. natalensis Sond. – Tragiella natalensis
45. T. obovata – Platygyna obovata
46. T. obtusata – Acalypha integrifolia
47. T. odorata – Acalypha integrifolia
48. T. parvifolia (Alain) Alain 1971 not Pax 1894 – Platygyna parvifolia
49. T. philippinensis – Cnesmone philippinensis
50. T. pilosa – Microstachys corniculata
51. T. pruricus – Platygyna hexandra
52. T. reticulata – Acalypha filiformis
53. T. rubiginosa – Chicomendes rubiginosus
54. T. rugosa – Cnesmone javanica
55. T. salviifolia – Acalypha salviifolia
56. T. saxatilis Bojer ex Pax 1924 – Acalypha spachiana
57. T. schultzeana – Plukenetia africana
58. T. sellowiana – Bia alienata
59. T. shankii – Dalechampia shankii
60. T. tenuis – Acalypha brachystachya
61. T. triandra Müll.Arg. 1866 – Seidelia triandra
62. T. triandra (Borhidi) Borhidi 1972 – Platygyna triandra
63. T. villosa – Acalypha capensis

References

1. lectotype designated by J. K. Small in N. L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2, 2: 458 (7 Jun 1913)
2. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
3. Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1–4: 1–1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
4. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
5. Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
6. Martínez Gordillo, M., J. J. Ramírez, R. C. Durán, E. J. Arriaga, R. García, A. Cervantes & R. M. Hernández. 2002. Los géneros de la familia Euphorbiaceae en México. Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Autón. México, Bot. 73(2): 155–281.
7. Webster, G. L. & M.J. Huft. 1988. Revised synopsis of Panamanian Euphorbiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(3): 1087–1144
8. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Tragia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
9. Duarte-Casar, Rodrigo; Romero-Benavides, Juan Carlos (10 December 2021). "Tragia L. Genus: Ethnopharmacological Use, Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activity". Plants. 10 (12): 2717. doi:10.3390/plants10122717. PMC 8705345. PMID 34961188.

External links

•   Media related to Tragia at Wikimedia Commons
•   Data related to Tragia at Wikispecies
• Jepson Manual Treatment
• USDA Plants Profile