Ichinomiya (一宮, also 一の宮 or 一之宮; first shrine) is a Japanese historical term referring to the Shinto shrines with the highest rank in a province. Shrines of lower rank were designated ninomiya (二宮, second), sannomiya (三宮, third), shinomiya (四宮, fourth), and so forth. [1]
Monument at the Tamura Shrine listing all Ichimomiya
The term "Ichinomiya" literally means "first shrine" and is popularly regarded as the highest ranking shrine in each province, with the second ranking shrine referred to as the "Ninomiya" and third ranking shrine as "Sannomiya", and so on. However, there is no documentary material stipulating on how the shrines in each province are to be ranked, or even when this ranking system was created. As a general rule, all shrines designated "Ichinomiya" are of ancient origin and are listed in the Engishiki records completed in 927AD. However, the shrine selected is not necessarily the largest, or oldest, in that province, and is not necessarily one of the "Myojin Taisha", which are regarded as the most important shrines. Rather, per the Ritsuryō legal and administrative system established in the Nara period, kokushi were appointed as imperial governors of each province. When the kokushi travelled from Heian-kyo to his local seat at the provincial capital, the first shrine he called upon officially in his province was the "ichinomiya". As the purpose of this visit was to announce to the local kami of his appointment to office, it was important that this shrine be dedicated to important local deities and to be located close to the provincial capital. Even after the collapse of the Ritsuryō system by the Kamakura period, the ichinomiya continued to enjoy a certain prestige, and often after all vestiges of the provincial capital had fallen into ruins and its exact location lost, the term "Ichinomiya" was often preserved as a place name. [2][3][4]
Tachibana Mitsuyoshi, a noted Shinto scholar in the early Edo Period visited ichinomiya nationwide for 23 years starting 1675, and wrote the record of his travels in a 13 volume account. This began the popularization of pilgrimages by the common populace to these shrines. Under State Shinto, the ichinomiya were not accorded any special status, although many were accorded high ranks under the Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines.
While as a rule-of-thumb, there can be only one "first shrine" in each province, several provinces have various rival candidates for the title. This has arisen for various reasons: relocation of the provincial capital can result in a new ichinomiya being appointed, or in some cases the merger of two provinces can result in two ichinomiya for the new province. In other cases, due to the ambiguity in the criteria for ichinomiya designation and due to conflicting ancient records, rival claimants have arisen.
^Yoshiki, Emi (2007). Zenkoku `Ichinomiya' tettei gaido (in Japanese). PHP Institute. ISBN4569669301.
^Okada, Shoji (2014). Taiyō no chizuchō 24 zenkoku `Ichinomiya' meguri (in Japanese). Heibonsha. ISBN4582945619.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ichinomiya.
National Association of Ichinomiya website (in Japanese)
December 03, 2023
ichinomiya, this, article, about, first, tier, shinto, shrines, place, names, disambiguation, 一宮, also, 一の宮, 一之宮, first, shrine, japanese, historical, term, referring, shinto, shrines, with, highest, rank, province, shrines, lower, rank, were, designated, nino. This article is about the first tier Shinto shrines For place names see Ichinomiya disambiguation Ichinomiya 一宮 also 一の宮 or 一之宮 first shrine is a Japanese historical term referring to the Shinto shrines with the highest rank in a province Shrines of lower rank were designated ninomiya 二宮 second sannomiya 三宮 third shinomiya 四宮 fourth and so forth 1 Monument at the Tamura Shrine listing all IchimomiyaThe term gave rise to modern place names such as the city of Ichinomiya Aichi named after Masumida Shrine in the former Owari Province Contents 1 Overview 2 Ninomiya 2 1 Sannomiya 2 2 Shinomiya 2 3 Gonomiya 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksOverview editThe term Ichinomiya literally means first shrine and is popularly regarded as the highest ranking shrine in each province with the second ranking shrine referred to as the Ninomiya and third ranking shrine as Sannomiya and so on However there is no documentary material stipulating on how the shrines in each province are to be ranked or even when this ranking system was created As a general rule all shrines designated Ichinomiya are of ancient origin and are listed in the Engishiki records completed in 927AD However the shrine selected is not necessarily the largest or oldest in that province and is not necessarily one of the Myojin Taisha which are regarded as the most important shrines Rather per the Ritsuryō legal and administrative system established in the Nara period kokushi were appointed as imperial governors of each province When the kokushi travelled from Heian kyo to his local seat at the provincial capital the first shrine he called upon officially in his province was the ichinomiya As the purpose of this visit was to announce to the local kami of his appointment to office it was important that this shrine be dedicated to important local deities and to be located close to the provincial capital Even after the collapse of the Ritsuryō system by the Kamakura period the ichinomiya continued to enjoy a certain prestige and often after all vestiges of the provincial capital had fallen into ruins and its exact location lost the term Ichinomiya was often preserved as a place name 2 3 4 Tachibana Mitsuyoshi a noted Shinto scholar in the early Edo Period visited ichinomiya nationwide for 23 years starting 1675 and wrote the record of his travels in a 13 volume account This began the popularization of pilgrimages by the common populace to these shrines Under State Shinto the ichinomiya were not accorded any special status although many were accorded high ranks under the Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines While as a rule of thumb there can be only one first shrine in each province several provinces have various rival candidates for the title This has arisen for various reasons relocation of the provincial capital can result in a new ichinomiya being appointed or in some cases the merger of two provinces can result in two ichinomiya for the new province In other cases due to the ambiguity in the criteria for ichinomiya designation and due to conflicting ancient records rival claimants have arisen Region Province Shrine Location Shrine rankingName Kanji Engishiki Modern Beppyo Kinai Yamashiro Kamo Shrine 賀茂神社 Kyoto Kyoto Myojin Taisha Kanpei Taisha YesYamato Ōmiwa Shrine 大神神社 Sakurai Nara Myojin Taisha Kanpei Taisha YesKawachi Hiraoka Shrine 枚岡神社 Higashiosaka Osaka Myojin Taisha Kanpei Taisha YesIzumi Ōtori taisha 大鳥大社 Sakai Osaka Myojin Taisha Kanpei Taisha YesSettsu Sumiyoshi taisha 住吉大社 Osaka Osaka Myojin Taisha Kanpei Taisha YesTōkaidō Iga Aekuni Shrine 敢国神社 Iga MieIse Tsubaki Grand Shrine 椿大神社 Suzuka MieTsubaki Shrine Nakato Shrine 都波岐神社 奈加等神社 Suzuka Mie NoShima Izawa no miya 伊雑宮 Shima Mie NoIzawa Shrine 伊射波神社 Toba MieOwari Masumida Shrine 真清田神社 Ichinomiya AichiMikawa Toga Shrine 砥鹿神社 Toyokawa AichiTōtōmi Kotonomama Hachiman gu 事任八幡宮 Kakegawa Shizuoka NoOguni Shrine 小国神社 Shuchi gun ShizuokaSuruga Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha 浅間神社 Fujinomiya ShizuokaIzu Mishima Taisha 三嶋大社 Mishima ShizuokaKai Ichinomiya Asama Shrine Fuefuki 浅間神社 Fuefuki YamanashiIchinomiya Sengen Shrine 浅間神社 Ichikawamisato Yamanashi NoSagami Samukawa Shrine 寒川神社 Kōza gun KanagawaMusashi Hikawa Shrine 氷川神社 Ōmiya ku SaitamaOno Shrine 小野神社 Tama Tokyo NoAwa Awa Shrine 安房神社 Tateyama ChibaSusaki Shrine 洲崎神社 Tateyama Chiba NoKazusa Tamasaki Shrine 玉前神社 Ichinomiya Chōsei gun ChibaShimōsa Katori Jingu 香取神宮 Katori ChibaHitachi Kashima Jingu 鹿島神宮 Kashima IbarakiTōsandō Ōmi Takebe taisha 建部大社 Ōtsu ShigaMino Nangu Taisha 南宮大社 Fuwa gun GifuHida Minashi Shrine 飛騨一宮水無神社 Takayama GifuShinano Suwa taisha 諏訪大社 Suwa NaganoKōzuke Nukisaki Shrine 一之宮貫前神社 Tomioka GunmaShimotsuke Futarasan Shrine 日光二荒山神社 Nikkō TochigiUtsunomiya Futarayama Shrine 宇都宮二荒山神社 Utsunomiya Tochigi NoMutsu Tsutsukowake Shrine 都都古和気神社 Higashishirakawa gun FukushimaShiogama Shrine 鹽竈神社 Shiogama MiyagiDewa Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine 大物忌神社 Akumi gun YamagataHokurikudō Wakasa Wakasahiko Shrine 若狭彦神社 Obama FukuiEchizen Kehi Shrine 氣比神宮 Tsuruga FukuiKaga Shirayama Hime Shrine 白山比咩神社 Hakusan IshikawaNoto Keta Taisha 気多大社 Hakui IshikawaEtchu Takase Shrine 高瀬神社 Nanto Toyama FormerlyKeta Shrine 気多神社 Takaoka Toyama NoOyama Shrine 雄山神社 Nakaniikawa gun ToyamaImizu Shrine 射水神社 Takaoka ToyamaEchigo Yahiko Shrine 彌彦神社 Nishikanbara gun NiigataKota Shrine 居多神社 Jōetsu Niigata NoAmatsu Shrine 天津神社 Itoigawa Niigata NoSado Watatsu Shrine 度津神社 Sado NiigataSan indō Tamba Izumo daijingu 出雲大神宮 Kameoka Kyōto FormerlyTango Kono Shrine 籠神社 Miyazu KyōtoTajima Izushi Shrine 出石神社 Toyooka HyōgoAwaga Shrine 粟鹿神社 Asago Hyōgo NoInaba Ube shrine 宇倍神社 Tottori TottoriHōki Shitori Shrine 倭文神社 TottoriIzumo Izumo taisha 出雲大社 Izumo ShimaneIwami Mononobe Shrine 物部神社 Ōda ShimaneOki Mizuwakasu Shrine 水若酢神社 Oki gun Shimane YesYurahime Shrine ja simple 由良比女神社 Oki gun Shimane NoSan yōdō Harima Iwa Shrine 伊和神社 Shisō HyōgoMimasaka Nakayama Shrine 中山神社 Tsuyama OkayamaBizen Kibitsuhiko Shrine 吉備津彦神社 Okayama OkayamaBitchu Kibitsu Shrine 吉備津神社 Okayama OkayamaBingo Kibitsu Shrine 吉備津神社 Fukuyama HiroshimaAki Itsukushima Shrine 厳島神社 Hatsukaichi HiroshimaSuō Tamanooya Shrine 玉祖神社 Hōfu Yamaguchi NoNagato Sumiyoshi Shrine 住吉神社 Shimonoseki YamaguchiNankaidō Kii Hinokuma Jingu 日前神宮 國懸神宮 Wakayama WakayamaNiutsuhime Shrine 丹生都比売神社 Katsuragi WakayamaItakiso Shrine 伊太祁曽神社 Wakayama WakayamaAwaji Izanagi Jingu 伊弉諾神宮 Awaji HyōgoAwa Ōasahiko Shrine 大麻比古神社 Naruto TokushimaIchinomiya Shrine 一宮神社 Tokushima Tokushima NoSanuki Tamura Shrine 田村神社 Takamatsu KagawaIyo Ōyamazumi Shrine 大山祇神社 Imabari EhimeTosa Tosa Shrine 土佐神社 Kōchi KōchiSaikaidō Chikuzen Sumiyoshi Shrine 住吉神社 Fukuoka FukuokaHakozaki Shrine 筥崎宮 Fukuoka FukuokaChikugo Kōra taisha 高良大社 Kurume FukuokaBuzen Usa Jingu 宇佐神宮 Usa ŌitaBungo Sasamuta Shrine 西寒多神社 Ōita ŌitaYusuhara Hachiman gu 柞原八幡宮 Ōita ŌitaHizen Yodohime Shrine simple 河上神社 Saga Saga NoChikuri Hachiman gu 千栗八幡宮 Miyaki SagaHigo Aso Shrine 阿蘇神社 Aso KumamotoHyuga Tsuno Shrine 都農神社 Tsuno MiyazakiŌsumi Kagoshima Shrine 鹿児島神宮 Kirishima KagoshimaSatsuma Hirakiki Shrine 枚聞神社 Ibusuki KagoshimaNitta Shrine 新田八幡宮 Satasumasendai KagoshimaIki Amanotanagao Shrine ja simple 天手長男神社 Iki Nagasaki NoTsushima Kaijin Shrine 海神神社 Tsushima NagasakiNinomiya editRegion Province Shrine Location Shrine rankingName Kanji Engishiki Modern Beppyo Kinai Izumi Izumi Anashi Shrine ja Tōkaidō Ise Tado TaishaOwari Ōagata Shrine YesMikawa Chiryu Shrine ja Tōtōmi Mononobe Shrine Kashiwazaki City ja Rokuon Shrine ja Suruga Toyosumi Shrine ja Izu Asama Shrine Mishima City ja Kai Miwa Shrine Fuefuki City ja Sagami Kawakagi Shrine ja Musashi Kanasana ShrineNinomiya Shrine Akiruno City ja Kazusa Tachibana Shrine Mobara City ja Shimōsa Tamazaki Shrine ja Ninomiya Shrine Funabashi City ja Hitachi Shizumi Shrine ja Tōsandō Ōmi Hiyoshi Taisha YesMino Ibuki Shrine ja Shinano Ono Shrine amp Yahiko Shrine ja Kōzuke Ninomiya Akagi Shrine ja Mutsu Isasumi ShrineDewa Kinowa Shrine ja Hokurikudō Echizen Tsurugi Shrine ja simple Kaga Sugo Ishibe Shrine ja simple Noto Isurugi Hiko Shrine ja San indō Hōki Ōgamiyama ShrineIzumo Sada ShrineSan yōdō Aki Hayatani ShrineNankaidō Awaji Yamato Okunitama Shrine simple Saikaidō Higo Kosa Shrine ja Sannomiya edit Region Province Shrine Location Shrine rankingName Kanji Engishiki Modern Beppyo Kinai Izumi Hijiri Shrine Izumi City ja Tōkaidō Owari Atsuta Jingu YesMikawa Sanage Shrine ja Suruga Miho Shrine Shizuoka ja Izu Sengen Shrine Mishima City ja Kai Tamamoro Shrine ja Sagami Hibita Shrine ja Hitachi Yoshida Shrine Mito City ja Tōsandō Ōmi Taga taisha YesMino Tagi Shrine ja Kōzuke Sannomiya Shrine Yoshioka Town ja Shimotsuke Murahi Shrine ja Dewa Omoimi Shrine ja Hokurikudō Echigo Hakkai Shrine ja San indō Tajima Mizutani Shrine ja San yōdō Suō Nikabe Shrine ja Saikaidō Hizen Tenzan Shrine ja Shinomiya edit Ishimaki Shrine ja Mikawa Province Kaina Shrine ja Kai Province also Soja shrine of the province Sakitori Shrine ja Sagami Province Chichibu Shrine Musashi Province Tsugawa Shrine ja Izumi ProvinceGonomiya edit Hine Shrine ja Izumi Province Wakaikaho Shrine ja Kōzuke ProvinceSee also editSōja Shinto Fuchu Kokubunji List of Shinto shrines Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines Sannomiya Twenty Two ShrinesReferences edit Encyclopedia of Shinto Ichi no miya retrieved 2013 5 14 Shibuya Nobuhiro 2015 Shokoku jinja Ichinomiya Ninomiya San nomiya in Japanese Yamakawa shuppansha ISBN 4634150867 Yoshiki Emi 2007 Zenkoku Ichinomiya tettei gaido in Japanese PHP Institute ISBN 4569669301 Okada Shoji 2014 Taiyō no chizuchō 24 zenkoku Ichinomiya meguri in Japanese Heibonsha ISBN 4582945619 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ichinomiya National Association of Ichinomiya website in Japanese Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ichinomiya amp oldid 1187862328, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
