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Back to Black

December 07, 2023

For other uses, see Back to Black (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Back in Black, Back to Black (song), or Back to Black (film).

Back to Black is the second and final studio album by English singer and songwriter Amy Winehouse, released on 27 October 2006 by Island Records. Winehouse predominantly based the album on her tumultuous relationship with then-ex-boyfriend and future husband Blake Fielder-Civil, who temporarily left her to pursue his previous ex-girlfriend. Their short-lived separation spurred her to create an album that explores themes of guilt, grief, infidelity, heartbreak and trauma in a relationship.

Back to Black
Standard edition cover[a]
Studio album by
Amy Winehouse
Released27 October 2006 (2006-10-27)
Recorded2005–2006
Studio
Genre
Length34:56
LabelIsland
Producer
Amy Winehouse chronology
Frank
(2003) 		Back to Black
(2006) 		I Told You I Was Trouble: Live in London
(2007)
Alternative cover
US and Japanese cover
Singles from Back to Black
  1. "Rehab"
    Released: 23 October 2006
  2. "You Know I'm No Good"
    Released: 8 January 2007
  3. "Back to Black"
    Released: 30 April 2007
  4. "Tears Dry on Their Own"
    Released: 13 August 2007
  5. "Love Is a Losing Game"
    Released: 10 December 2007

Influenced by the pop and soul music of 1960s girl groups, Winehouse collaborated with producers Salaam Remi and Mark Ronson, along with Sharon Jones' band The Dap-Kings, to assist her on capturing the sounds from that period while blending them with contemporary R&B and neo-soul music. Between 2005 and 2006, she recorded the album's songs with Remi at Instrumental Zoo Studios in Miami and then with Ronson and the Dap-Kings at Chung King Studios and Daptone Records in New York. Tom Elmhirst mixed the album at Metropolis Studios in London.

Back to Black received unanimous critical acclaim from music critics, who praised Winehouse's songwriting and emotive singing style as well as Remi and Ronson's production. The album spawned five singles: "Rehab", "You Know I'm No Good", "Back to Black", "Tears Dry on Their Own" and "Love Is a Losing Game". It has also been cited as being a key influence to the widespread popularity of British soul throughout the late 2000s, paving the musical landscape for artists such as Adele, Duffy, and Estelle.

At the 2008 Grammy Awards, Back to Black won Best Pop Vocal Album and was also nominated for Album of the Year. At the same ceremony, Winehouse won four additional awards, tying her with five other artists as the second-most awarded female in a single ceremony. The album was also nominated at the 2007 Brit Awards for MasterCard British Album and was short-listed for the 2007 Mercury Prize. Back to Black sold 3.58 million copies in the UK alone, becoming the UK's second best-selling album of the 21st century so far. The album has sold over 16 million copies worldwide.

A deluxe edition of Back to Black was released in November 2007, containing a bonus disc of B-sides and live tracks. Winehouse's debut DVD I Told You I Was Trouble: Live in London, released that same month, includes a live set recorded at Shepherd's Bush Empire in London and a 50-minute documentary detailing the singer's career over the previous four years. In 2020, Back to Black was ranked at number 33 on Rolling Stone's list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time".

Background edit

After signing with Island Records in 2002,[1] Winehouse released her debut album, Frank, on 20 October 2003. She dedicated the album to her ex-boyfriend, Chris Taylor, as she gradually lost interest in him.[2][3] Produced mainly by Salaam Remi, many songs were influenced by jazz, and apart from two cover versions, every song was co-written by Winehouse. The album received positive reviews,[4][5] with compliments over the "cool, critical gaze" in its lyrics,[6] while her vocals drew comparisons to Sarah Vaughan,[7] Macy Gray and others.[6] The album reached number 13 on the UK Albums Chart at the time of its release, and has been certified triple Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).[8][9] In 2004, Winehouse was nominated for British Female Solo Artist and British Urban Act at the Brit Awards,[10] while Frank made the shortlist for the Mercury Prize.[11] That same year, the album's first single, "Stronger Than Me", earned Winehouse and Remi an Ivor Novello Award for Best Contemporary Song.[12] In a 2004 interview with The Observer, Winehouse expressed dissatisfaction with the album, stating that "some things on [the] album [made her] go to a little place that's fucking bitter". She further notes that the marketing was "fucked", the promotion was "terrible", and everything was "a shambles".[13]

In 2003, Winehouse dated Blake Fielder-Civil, who was an assistant on music video sets. Around the same time, she rediscovered the 1960s music she loved as a girl, stating in a 2007 Rolling Stone interview: "When I fell in love with Blake, there was Sixties music around us a lot."[14] In 2005, the couple spent a lot of time in a local Camden bar, and during their time there, Winehouse would listen to blues, '60s girl groups, and Motown artists, explaining that "it was [her] local" and "spent a lot of time there [...] playing pool and listening to jukebox music."[14] The music heard in the bar appealed to Winehouse when she was writing songs for her second album.[14]

Around the same year, she went through a period of drinking, heavy drug use, and weight loss.[15] People who saw her during the end of that year and early 2006 reported a rebound that coincided with the writing of Back to Black.[15] Her family believes that the mid-2006 death of her grandmother, who was a stabilising influence, set her off into addiction.[15] Fielder-Civil then left Winehouse to revert to his previous girlfriend. During their break, she would write the bulk of the album on the state of her "relationship at the time with Blake [Fielder-Civil]" through themes of "grief, guilt, and heartache".[14] Winehouse dated musician Alex Clare briefly in 2006,[16] and would later return to and marry Fielder-Civil in the following year.[3][17]

Recording and production edit

"She [Winehouse] was in Miami only for ten days for Back to Black. Her vocals were quick. She'd give a couple takes that were effortless and honest, and we'd [the Instrumental Zoo personnel] have it. People think of studio sessions as all-nighters, but we'd get there at 10 a.m. to set up; she'd come at noon. By 8 or 9 at night, we were done and we'd be back up in the morning getting it done in the daylight."

—Frank Socorro, sound engineer for Back to Black[18]

Most of the songs on Back to Black were solely written by Winehouse,[19] as her primary focus of the album's sound shifted more towards the style of the girl groups from the 1950s and 1960s. Winehouse worked with New York singer Sharon Jones's longtime band, the Dap-Kings, to back her up in the studio and on tour.[20] Her father, Mitch Winehouse, relates in his memoir, Amy, My Daughter, how fascinating watching her process was, especially with witnessing her perfectionism in the studio. She would also put out what she had sung on a CD and play it in his taxi outside to know how most people would hear her music.[21]

 
Mark Ronson (pictured above) was one of the main co-producers for the album.

In 2005, Winehouse returned to Miami (as she went there previously to produce her debut album) to record five songs at Salaam Remi's Instrumental Zoo Studios: "Tears Dry on Their Own", "Some Unholy War", "Me & Mr Jones", "Just Friends", and "Addicted". The recording process of Remi's album portion was "intimate", consisting of Winehouse singing while on guitar and Remi adding the other instruments played mostly by himself (chiefly played the piano and the main/bass guitars on the album), or by instrumentalist Vincent Henry (primarily played the saxophone, the flute, and the clarinet).[18][19] Winehouse and producer Mark Ronson both shared a publishing company, which encouraged a meeting between the two. They conversed in March 2006 in Ronson's New York studio that he used to have. They worked on six tracks together: "Rehab", "Back to Black", "You Know I'm No Good", "Love Is a Losing Game", "Wake Up Alone", and "He Can Only Hold Her".[3][19][22] Ronson said in a 2010 interview with The Guardian that he liked working with Winehouse because she was blunt when she did not like his work.[23] She in turn thought that when they first met, he was a sound engineer and that she was expecting an "older man with a beard".[24]

Ronson wrote "Back to Black" the night after he met Winehouse, explaining in a 2010 Mojo interview:

"I just thought, 'Let's talk about music, see what she likes.' She said she liked to go out to bars and clubs and play snooker with her boyfriend and listen to the Shangri-Las. So she played me some of those records ... I told her that I had nothing to play her right now but if she [lets] me work on something overnight she could come back tomorrow. So I came up with this little piano riff, which became the verse chords to 'Back to Black.' Behind it I just put a kick drum and a tambourine and tons of reverb."[22]

Mark Ronson later recalled the Back to Black recording sessions in a 2015 The FADER interview:

"Amy was so serious about her words. Working on “Back to Black,” when she first sang the chorus, she said, We only said goodbye in words/ I died a hundred times. My producer instinct went off and I said, “Hey, sorry, it’s got to rhyme. That’s weird. Can you fix that?” And she just looked at me like I was crazy, like, “Why would I fix that? That’s what came out.” They’re some of the most unlikely lyrics you could ever imagine on a massive pop single."[25]

Winehouse's father later recalled the formulation of "Rehab" in his memoir:

"One day [Ronson and Winehouse] decided to take a quick stroll around the neighborhood because Amy wanted to buy [her then-boyfriend] Alex Clare a present ... on the way back Amy began telling Mark about being with Blake [Fielder-Civil, her ex], then not being with Blake and being with Alex instead. She told him about the time at my house after she'd been in hospital when everyone had been going on at her about her drinking: 'You know they tried to make me go to rehab, and I told them, no, no, no.' 'That's quite gimmicky,' Mark replied. 'It sounds hooky. You should go back to the studio and we should turn that into a song.'"[22]

The majority of the songs produced by Ronson were completed at Daptone Records—along with the instrumental help of The Dap-Kings—in Brooklyn, New York.[19][26][27] Three of the horn players from the group played a baritone saxophone, a tenor saxophone, and a trumpet. Ronson recorded the trio to create the "'60s-sounding metallics" on the album. The drums, piano, guitar, and bass were all done together in one room, with the drums being recorded with one microphone. There was also much spill between the instruments.[28] Additional production of the album was located at Chung King[27] and Allido Studios[29][30][31][32] in New York City, and at Metropolis Records in London.[19] In the Allido studio, Ronson used synthesisers and vintage keyboards to display the sound landscape for the album, including the Wurlitzer electric piano.[19][33] In May of that year, Winehouse's demo tracks such as "You Know I'm No Good" and "Rehab" appeared on Mark Ronson's New York radio show on East Village Radio. These were some of the first new songs played on the radio after the release of "Pumps" and both were slated to appear on her second album. The 11-track album, completed in five months,[21] was produced entirely by Remi and Ronson, with the production credits being split between them.

Post-production edit

Tom Elmhirst, who mixed the single "You Know I'm No Good", was enlisted to help with the mixing of the album at Metropolis Records. He first received Ronson's original mix, which he described as being "radical in terms of panning, kind of Beatlesque". He continued, "The drums, for instance, were all panned to one side". He attempted to mix "Love Is a Losing Game" in the same manner he did with "Rehab", but felt it was not right to do so. Elmhirst mixed "Rehab", but when he first received the multitrack of the song, the track amount was minimal. Therefore, Ronson went to London to record strings, brass and percussion in one of Metropolis' tracking rooms.[26][34] After these instruments were added, the song had garnered a "retro, '60s soul, R&B" feel to it. Elmhirst added a contemporary sound to the song as well, while Ronson wanted to keep the mix sparse and not overproduced.[34] The album was mastered by Stuart Hawkes at Metropolis.[35]

Music and lyrics edit

Composition and sound edit

 
The album is noted to resemble Phil Spector's Wall of Sound.[36]

Back to Black has been cited to have musical stylings of contemporary R&B,[34] neo soul,[37] reggae,[38] classic R&B,[39] and 1960s "pop and soul".[40][41] According to AllMusic's John Bush, Back to Black finds Winehouse "deserting jazz and wholly embracing contemporary R&B".[42] David Mead of Paste also viewed it as a departure from Frank and said that it sets her singing to Salaam Remi and Mark Ronson's "synthetic Motown-style backdrop".[43] Meanwhile, Ann Powers from NPR Music characterised Back to Black as "a full embrace of classic rhythm and blues."[39] Music journalist Chuck Eddy credits Ronson and Remi's production for resembling Phil Spector's Wall of Sound technique and surrounding Winehouse with brass and string sections, harp, and the Wurlitzer.[36] PopMatters writer Christian John Wikane said that its "sensibilities of 1960s pop and soul" are contradicted by Winehouse's "blunt" lyrics and felt that "this particular marriage of words and music mirrors the bittersweet dichotomy that sometimes frames real relationships".[40] The staff of The A.V. Club emphasized on "the record's status as the pinnacle of the Brit neo-soul wave it ushered in".[37]

Songs 1–6 edit

 
"Rehab"
"Rehab" follows the album's musical style of utilizing the mixture of retro and modern instrumentation (particularly, this song uses timpanis, bells, "slight vintage effects" on the piano and bass, and "spring reverbs" on the lead vocals and drums).[34]
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The album's first song and single, "Rehab", is an upbeat,[44] contemporary,[34] and autobiographical song about Winehouse's past refusal to attend an alcohol rehabilitation centre after a conversation she had with her father, Mitch Winehouse. Previously, her management team prodded her to go to one. The song also contains "spring reverbs" on the lead vocals and drums to obtain a "retro feel", live "handclaps", timpanis, bells, and "slight vintage effects" on the piano and bass.[34] Winehouse mentions "Ray" and "Mr. Hathaway", in reference to Ray Charles and Donny Hathaway. However, for some time during live performances, she replaced "Ray" with "Blake", referring to her ex-husband, Blake Fielder-Civil, who served time in prison for charges relating to grievous bodily harm.[45]

"You Know I'm No Good" is an uptempo[46] song about Winehouse cheating on a "good man that loves her", and therefore cheating herself out of a healthy relationship. The lyrics also entail Winehouse as being "helpless" while trying to understand and resist her own self-destructive compulsions.[47]

In the jazz and reggae-influenced "Me and Mr Jones" song, Winehouse sings about accepting that she never made it to a Slick Rick concert, but yet refuses to skip a Nas show as they were both close friends (Nas' last name is Jones).[48] The song's title plays off the 1972 "Me and Mrs. Jones" by Billy Paul. In a 2011 XXL interview, Nas recollects: "I don't really remember if Salaam, who was really close to her [Winehouse], who introduced us, if he told me about it ["Mr Jones" being based on Nas] or not [...] But, I heard a lot about it before I even heard the song."[22] Winehouse cursed about the relationship between her and Nas in the song's first chorus ("What kind of fuckery is this?" / "You made me miss the Slick Rick gig") and in later ones as well. In a Genius commentary, Island Records president Darcus Beese added that the original track was titled "Fuckery" from both Remi and Winehouse. He then continues, "I remember saying to Amy and Salaam, "You can't call this song 'Fuckery' [...] Salaam was more of the grown up of the two but Amy was like, 'Well, why can't I?' [...] That's why I always say, you have to give everything you're thinking and give people something that's exciting."[49]

The fourth song on the album, "Just Friends", is about "[a woman] trying to pull away from an illicit affair", with lyrics indicating, "The guilt will kill you if she don't first". It is a "ska-soul" song[50] with a "pulsing reggae groove" throughout the track.[38] Jon Pareles of The New York Times elaborates that Winehouse makes songs such as "Just Friends" into "games of tone and phrasing [...] withholding a line and then breezing through it, stretching out a note over [her backing band]'s steady beat".[51]

The title track "Back to Black" explores elements of old-school soul music.[52] The song's sound and beat have been described as similar to vintage girl groups from the 1960s.[53][54] Its production was noted for its Wall of Sound.[53][55] Winehouse expresses feelings of hurt and bitterness for a boyfriend who has left her; however, throughout the lyrics she "remains strong" exemplified in the opening lines, "He left no time to regret, Kept his d_ck [sic] wet, With his same old safe bet, Me and my head high, And my tears dry, Get on without my guy".[56] The song was inspired by her relationship with Fielder-Civil, who had left Winehouse for an ex-girlfriend. The breakup left her going to "black", which to the listener may appear to refer to drinking and depression. "Black" has sometimes been considered as a reference to heroin, but this is inaccurate as Winehouse's heroin use did not begin until after her marriage to Blake Fielder-Civil (mid 2007), as confirmed in the Asif Kapadia documentary. The song's lyrical content consists of a sad goodbye to a relationship with the lyrics being frank.[54][57] John Murphy of musicOMH compared the song's introduction to the Martha and the Vandellas song "Jimmy Mack", adding that it continues to a "much darker place".[52]

"Love Is a Losing Game" is a sentimental ballad that invokes Winehouse's chosen metaphor as a pastime that could be "addictive and destructive". Alexis Petridis of The Guardian further explains, "Over a solitary electric guitar and subtle drums, [Winehouse's] voice takes centre stage to [set] out her resigned viewpoint that, as with gambling, you can only love for so long before ending up the loser".[58]

Songs 7–11 edit

 
"Tears Dry on Their Own"
The main chord progression of the song's chorus samples Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell's 1967 song "Ain't No Mountain High Enough".[50]
Problems playing this file? See media help.

The song "Tears Dry on Their Own" samples the main chord progression from Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell's 1967 song "Ain't No Mountain High Enough".[50] Remi stated that he thought the album needed something "up-tempo" and suggested to Winehouse that she procure a "slower, sadder conception" of the song.[59] Laura Barton of The Guardian explicated the track as Winehouse giving herself a stern "talking-to" with lyrics such as, "I cannot play myself again, I should be my own best friend" and "Not fuck myself in the head with stupid men".[60]

The HelloBeautiful staff views "Wake Up Alone", written by Winehouse and Paul O'Duffy, as another sentimental ballad that "chronicles [the] time right after a breakup [and] when you're trying not to think of the person by keeping busy." They add, "[B]ut when night time comes, so do [the] thoughts of said person."[61] Winehouse spent a month in O'Duffy's North London studio working on tracks of the album, and "Wake Up Alone" was the first song recorded during the sessions and the only tune that made it onto the album. A "one-take" demo of the song recorded in March 2006 by O'Duffy later appeared on Winehouse's posthumous album, Lioness: Hidden Treasures.[62]

Nick Shymansky, Winehouse's first manager, revealed that the inspiration of "Some Unholy War", a mid-tempo soul song,[63] came into fruition after Winehouse heard a radio broadcast on the War in Afghanistan. As she heard the term "holy war", a war being primarily caused or justified by differences in religion, Winehouse immediately thought of an idea to spin the religious conflict into her own personal issues with Fielder-Civil. The idea is further bolstered with the song's opening lines, "If my man was fighting some unholy war, I would be behind him". Usually in live performances, she would start with the slower version of the song before proceeding into a more uptempo version.[64]

"He Can Only Hold Her" interpolates "(My Girl) She's a Fox" by brothers Robert and Richard Poindexter. Joshua Klein of Pitchfork describes Winehouse in the song as "an objective observer, [and] able to see her personal issues for what they are". The chorus goes, "So he tries to pacify her, 'cause what's inside her never dies".[65] Klein assumes that from "this new vantage [,] Winehouse has moved on".[66] John Harrison, the original demo producer of "He Can Only Hold Her", explained at a BIMM London masterclass that he was "introduced to '(My Girl) She's a Fox' by his sister". He then played the song for Winehouse and, when she expressed interest, made a backing track for her. Harrison was not originally given a writing credit on Back to Black, so he sued Winehouse for copyright infringement. They had a settlement over the song, and eventually, his name was added to the track. The initial Back to Black liner notes only said: "Original demo produced by P*Nut [John Harrison's nickname]."[67][68]

"Addicted", a bonus track included on the expanded versions of Back to Black, pertains to Winehouse's experiences with marijuana. "I used to smoke a lot of weed", the singer told Rolling Stone in 2007. "I suppose if you have an addictive personality [,] then you go from one poison to the other."[69]

Release and promotion edit

 
Winehouse performing at the Eurockéennes festival in France in 2007

Back to Black was released on 27 October 2006.[70] A deluxe edition of Back to Black was released in mainland Europe in November 2007 and in the United Kingdom on 3 December 2007. The reissue features the original studio album remastered as well as a bonus disc containing various B-sides and live tracks, including Winehouse's solo rendition of the single "Valerie" on BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge; the song was originally available in studio form on Ronson's Version album. Winehouse's debut DVD I Told You I Was Trouble: Live in London was released in the UK on 5 November and in the US on 13 November. It includes a live set recorded at London's Shepherd's Bush Empire and a 50-minute documentary chronicling the singer's career over the previous four years.[71]

The first single released from the album on 23 October 2006 was "Rehab". On 22 October 2006, based solely on download sales, it entered the UK Singles Chart at number 19,[72] and when the physical single was released the following week, it climbed to number seven.[73] Following a performance of "Rehab" at the 2007 MTV Movie Awards on 3 June 2007, the song rose to number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 for the week of 23 June,[74] peaking at number nine the following week.[75]

"You Know I'm No Good" was released on 8 January 2007 as the album's second single, reaching number 18 on the UK Singles Chart.[76] Back to Black was released in the United States in March 2007, with a remix of "You Know I'm No Good" featuring rap vocals by Ghostface Killah as its lead single. A third UK single, "Back to Black", was released on 30 April 2007. Having previously peaked at number 25 on the UK chart, the track climbed to number eight in late July 2011, following Winehouse's death.[76][77] Two further singles were released from the album: "Tears Dry on Their Own" was released on 13 August 2007, and peaked at number 16 in the UK, while "Love Is a Losing Game", released on 10 December 2007, reached number 33.[76]

Touring edit

 
Winehouse performing with the Rolling Stones at the Isle of Wight Festival 2007

Winehouse promoted the release of Back to Black with headline performances in late 2006, including a Little Noise Sessions charity concert at the Union Chapel in Islington, London.[78] On 31 December 2006, Winehouse appeared on Jools Holland's Annual Hootenanny and performed a cover of Marvin Gaye's "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" along with Paul Weller and Holland's Rhythm and Blues Orchestra. She also performed Toots and the Maytals' "Monkey Man".[79][80] At his request, actor Bruce Willis introduced Winehouse before her performance of "Rehab" at the 2007 MTV Movie Awards in Universal City, California, on 3 June 2007.[81] During the summer of 2007, she performed at various festivals, including Glastonbury Festival,[82] Lollapalooza in Chicago,[83] Belgium's Rock Werchter, and Virgin Festival in Baltimore.[84]

In November 2007, the opening night of a 17-date tour was marred by booing and walkouts at the National Indoor Arena in Birmingham. A critic for the Birmingham Mail said it was "one of the saddest nights of my life [...] I saw a supremely talented artist reduced to tears, stumbling around the stage and, unforgivably, swearing at the audience."[85] Other concerts ended similarly, with, for example, fans at her Hammersmith Apollo performance saying that she "looked highly intoxicated throughout",[86] until she announced on 27 November 2007 that her performances and public appearances were cancelled for the remainder of the year, citing her doctor's advice to take a complete rest. A statement issued by concert promoter Live Nation blamed "the rigours involved in touring and the intense emotional strain that Amy has been under in recent weeks" for the decision.[87] Mitch Winehouse wrote about her nervousness before public performances in his 2012 book, Amy, My Daughter.[88]

Critical reception edit

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic81/100[89]
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic     [42]
The A.V. ClubA−[90]
Entertainment WeeklyA−[91]
The Guardian     [92]
The Independent     [93]
The Observer     [94]
Pitchfork6.4/10[66]
Q     [95]
Rolling Stone     [96]
The Times     [97]

Back to Black received widespread acclaim from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 81, based on 26 reviews.[89] AllMusic writer John Bush lauded Winehouse's musical transition from her debut record: "All the best parts of her musical character emerge intact, and actually, are all the better for the transformation from jazz vocalist to soul siren."[42] Dorian Lynskey of The Guardian called Back to Black "a 21st-century soul classic".[92] Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine said that Winehouse and her producers are "expert mood-setters or crafty reconstructionists".[98] The New Yorker's Sasha Frere-Jones praised Winehouse's "mush-mouthed approach [on the album]".[99] Nathan Rabin, writing in The A.V. Club, was impressed by "the incongruity between Winehouse's trifling lyrical concerns and Back To Black's wall-of-sound richness".[90] Entertainment Weekly's Will Hermes felt that her "smartass" lyrics "raise [the album] into the realm of true, of-the-minute originality".[91] Douglas Wolk, writing for Blender, said that the album "sounds fantastic—partly because the production nails sample-ready '60s soul right down to the drum sound [...] Winehouse is one hell of an impressive singer, especially when she's not copping other people's phrasing".[100]

Some reviewers were more critical of the album. In a mixed review, Rolling Stone's Christian Hoard stated: "The tunes don't always hold up. But the best ones are impossible to dislike."[96] Robert Christgau gave it an "honorable mention" in his consumer guide for MSN Music, citing "You Know I'm No Good" and "Rehab" as highlights and writing, "Pray her marriage lasts—she's observant, and it would broaden her perspective".[101] Pitchfork critic Joshua Klein criticised Winehouse's "defensive", subjective lyrics concerning relationships, but added that "Winehouse has been blessed by a brassy voice that can transform even mundane sentiments into powerful statements".[66]

Accolades edit

Back to Black was named one of the 10 best albums of 2006 and 2007 by several publications on their year-end albums lists, including Time (number one),[102] Entertainment Weekly (number two), Billboard (number three), The New York Times (number three), The Austin Chronicle (number four), Slant Magazine (number four), and Blender (number eight).[103] The album was placed at number 40 on Rolling Stone's list of The Top 50 Albums of 2007.[104] Entertainment Weekly critic Chris Willman named Back to Black the second best album of 2007, commenting that "Black will hold up as one of the great breakthrough CDs of our time." He adds, "In the end, the singer's real-life heartache over her incarcerated spouse proves what's obvious from the grooves: When this lady sings about love, she means every word."[105] Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Best Albums of the 2000s ranked the album number 20.[106]

At the 2007 Brit Awards, Winehouse won British Female Solo Artist, and Back to Black was nominated for MasterCard British Album.[107] In July 2007, the album was shortlisted for the 2007 Mercury Prize, but lost out to Klaxons' Myths of the Near Future.[108] This was the second time that Winehouse was nominated for the Mercury Prize; her debut album Frank was shortlisted in 2004.[11] Back to Black won numerous awards at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards on 10 February 2008, including Record of the Year and Song of the Year for "Rehab"; while the album received nominations for Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album, winning the latter.[109][110] Winehouse herself, for the album, was presented the Grammy for Best New Artist,[109] while Ronson earned the 2008 Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical.[111]

Commercial performance edit

Back to Black debuted at number three on the UK Albums Chart on 5 November 2006 with first-week sales of 43,021 copies.[112] The album reached number one for the first time during the week ending 20 January 2007, its 11th week on the chart, selling over 35,500 copies.[113] The following week, it remained at number one with nearly 48,000 copies sold.[114] Five weeks later, it returned for a third week atop the UK chart, selling 47,000 copies.[115] Back to Black was the best-selling album of 2007 in the UK, having sold 1.85 million copies.[116] The BPI certified the album 13-times Platinum on 30 March 2018,[117] and by October 2018, it had sold 3.93 million copies,[118] making it the UK's second best-selling album of the 21st century so far,[119] as well as the 12th best-selling album in the UK of all time.[120]

Back to Black debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 in the United States with first-week sales of 51,000 copies,[121] becoming the highest debut entry for an album by a British female solo artist at the time—a record that would be broken by Joss Stone's Introducing Joss Stone, which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 the following week.[122][123] Following Winehouse's multiple wins at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards, the album jumped from number 24 to a new peak of number two on the Billboard 200 chart issue dated 1 March 2008 with sales of 115,000 copies.[124] The album was certified double-Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on 12 March 2008,[125] and has since sold nearly three million copies in the US.[126]

Back to Black topped the European Top 100 Albums chart for 13 non-consecutive weeks,[127] while reaching number one in several European countries such as Austria, Belgium, Germany, Greece, Ireland, and Switzerland.[128][129][130][131][132] The album was certified eight-times Platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) in late 2011, denoting sales of eight million copies across Europe.[133] By September 2018, the album had sold over 16 million copies worldwide.[134]

Following Winehouse's death on 23 July 2011,[135] sales of Back to Black drastically increased across the world. The album rose to number one on several iTunes charts worldwide.[136] On 24 July 2011, with fewer than seven hours sales after the announcement of her death counting towards the respective week's chart figures,[137] the album re-entered the UK Albums Chart at number 49 with 2,446 copies sold.[138] The following week, it soared back to number one,[77] marking the fourth time the album had reached the top of the chart. Back to Black held the top spot for two additional weeks.[139][140] On 26 July 2011, Billboard reported that the album had re-entered the Billboard 200 chart dated 6 August 2011 at number nine with sales of 37,000 copies,[141] although that week's chart only tracked the first 36 hours of sales after her death was announced.[142] The following week, it climbed to number seven with 38,000 copies sold after a full week's worth of sales.[143] In Canada, the album re-entered the Canadian Albums Chart at number 13 on sales of 2,500 copies.[144][145] It rose to number six the following week, selling an additional 5,000 copies.[146] In continental Europe, Back to Black returned to the number-one spot in Austria,[147] Croatia,[148] Germany,[149] the Netherlands,[150] Poland[151] and Switzerland,[152] while reaching number one for the first time in Italy.[153]

Impact and legacy edit

 
 
 
Back to Black's success helped popularise the female British soul wave in the mid-late 2000s, paving the way for prominent artists such as Adele, Duffy, and Estelle.[154][155][156][157]

After the release of Back to Black, record companies sought out more experimental female artists. Other female artists signed to major labels included Adele, Duffy, V V Brown, Florence and the Machine, La Roux and Little Boots. In the years after Back to Black was released, Dan Cairns of The Sunday Times noted that there was a "notion [by A&R executives, radio playlisters and the public] that women are the driving commercial force in pop".[157] In March 2011, the New York Daily News ran an article attributing the continuing wave of British female artists that have been successful in the United States to Winehouse and her absence. Spin magazine music editor Charles Aaron was quoted as saying, "Amy Winehouse was the Nirvana moment for all these women [...] They can all be traced back to her in terms of attitude, musical styles or fashion." According to Keith Caulfield, chart manager for Billboard, "Because of Amy, or the lack thereof, the marketplace was able to get singers like Adele, Estelle and Duffy [...] Now those ladies have brought on the new ones, like Eliza Doolittle, Rumer and Ellie [Goulding]."[156] Linda Barnard of The Toronto Star finds Winehouse to be amongst "the British women who claimed chart-topping ownership [...] with powerful voices" and that her "impressive" five Grammy wins for Back to Black put her at the "pinnacle of pop music".[158] In 2020, Rolling Stone ranked the album at number 33 on its list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[159] The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[160] In a retrospective review for Rolling Stone in 2010, Douglas Wolk gave the album four-and-a-half out of five stars and referred to it as "an unlikely marvel, a desperately sad and stirring record whose hooks and production (by Remi and Mark Ronson) are worthy of the soul hall-of-famers she namedrops—'Tears Dry on Their Own' is basically 'Ain't No Mountain High Enough' recast as self-recrimination".[161] In a 2019 poll of music writers conducted by The Guardian, "Back to Black" placed first in a ranking of the best albums of the 21st Century.[162]

Documentary edit

In September 2018, a documentary film based on Back to Black, titled Amy Winehouse: Back to Black, was released.[163][164][165] It contains new interviews,[166] as well as archival footage.[167] It was made by Eagle Vision,[168][169] produced by Gil Cang,[170] and released on DVD on 2 November 2018.[171] The film features interviews by producers Mark Ronson and Salaam Remi, who worked half and half on the album, along with the Dap-Kings, Remi's music team, Ronettes singer Ronnie Spector, and close friends of Winehouse, including Nick Shymansky, Juliette Ashby, and Dionne Bromfield. The film is accompanied by An Intimate Evening in London, footage of a show Winehouse gave at Riverside Studios in London in 2008.

Track listing edit

All tracks are written by Amy Winehouse, except where noted

No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Rehab" Mark Ronson3:34
2."You Know I'm No Good" Ronson4:17
3."Me & Mr. Jones" Salaam Remi2:33
4."Just Friends" Remi3:13
5."Back to Black"
  • Winehouse
  • Ronson
Ronson4:01
6."Love Is a Losing Game" Ronson2:35
7."Tears Dry on Their Own"
Remi3:06
8."Wake Up Alone"
Ronson3:42
9."Some Unholy War" Remi2:22
10."He Can Only Hold Her"
  • Winehouse
  • Richard Poindexter
  • Robert Poindexter
Ronson2:46
11."Addicted" Remi2:45
Total length:34:56
US edition[172][173]
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
10."He Can Only Hold Her" (has 31 seconds of silence at the end)
  • Winehouse
  • Richard Poindexter
  • Robert Poindexter
Ronson3:19
11."You Know I'm No Good" (remix, featuring Ghostface Killah) Ronson3:22
12."Rehab" (Hot Chip remix) (iTunes Store bonus track) 
  • Ronson
  • Hot Chip[a]
6:58
Total length:45:47
Japanese edition bonus tracks[174]
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
12."Close to the Front"
  • Howard
  • Simm
4:35
13."Hey Little Rich Girl" (featuring Zalon and Ade)Rod Byers 3:35
14."Monkey Man"Frederick Hibbert 2:56
15."Back to Black" (The Rumble Strips remix)
  • Winehouse
  • Ronson
  • Ronson
  • The Rumble Strips[a]
3:48
16."You Know I'm No Good" (remix, featuring Ghostface Killah) Ronson3:22
Total length:53:12
German limited edition bonus tracks[175]
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
11."Rehab" (live at Kalkscheune / Berlin) 3:37
12."Love Is a Losing Game" (live at Kalkscheune / Berlin) 2:45
13."Tears Dry on Their Own" (live at Kalkscheune / Berlin)
  • Winehouse
  • Ashford
  • Simpson
3:15
14."Take the Box" (live at Kalkscheune / Berlin)
  • Winehouse
  • Luke Smith
3:39
15."Valerie" (live at Kalkscheune / Berlin)
4:14
Total length:52:26
Deluxe edition bonus disc[176][177][178]
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Valerie"
  • Payne
  • McCabe
  • Harding
  • Chowdhury
  • Pritchard
Ronson3:53
2."Cupid"Sam Cooke 3:49
3."Monkey Man"Hibbert 2:56
4."Some Unholy War" (down tempo) Remi3:17
5."Hey Little Rich Girl" (featuring Zalon and Ade)Byers 3:35
6."You're Wondering Now" (UK, Australian, and Japanese editions only)Clement Dodd 2:33
7."To Know Him Is to Love Him"Phil SpectorSam Gregory2:24
8."Love Is a Losing Game" (original demo) Ronson3:43
Total length:26:10
Best Buy exclusive deluxe edition bonus DVD[179]
No.TitleLength
1."International Electronic Press Kit"23:01
2."Intro / Back to Black" (live @ The Orange Lounge)2:40
3."Rehab" (live @ The Orange Lounge)3:30
4."You Know I'm No Good" (live @ The Orange Lounge)3:11
5."Love Is a Losing Game" (live @ The Orange Lounge)2:37
Total length:34:59
Dutch limited edition bonus disc: Live from Paradiso, Amsterdam, 8 February 2007[180]
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Just Friends" 3:20
2."Back to Black"
  • Winehouse
  • Ronson
3:55
3."I Heard Love Is Blind" 3:13
4."Rehab" 3:33
5."You Know I'm No Good" 4:17
6."Love Is a Losing Game" 2:47
Total length:21:05

Notes edit

  • ^[a] signifies a remixer
  • "Addicted" is only included on UK and Irish pressings of the standard album, while appearing as a bonus track on all deluxe editions of the album.

Sample credits edit

Personnel edit

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Back to Black.[19]

Musicians edit

  • Amy Winehouse – vocals (all tracks); guitar (tracks 3, 4, 9, 11); background vocals (tracks 3, 7, 9, 11)
  • Nick Movshon – bass guitar (tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10)
  • Homer Steinweiss – drums (tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10)
  • Thomas Brenneck – guitar (tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10)
  • Binky Griptite – guitar (tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10)
  • Victor Axelrod – piano (tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10); Wurlitzer, claps (tracks 1, 2)
  • Dave Guy – trumpet (tracks 1, 2, 10)
  • Neal Sugarman – tenor saxophone (tracks 1, 2, 10, 11)
  • Ian Hendrickson-Smith – baritone saxophone (tracks 1, 2)
  • Mark Ronson – claps (track 1); band arrangements (tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, 8); tambourine (track 5); snaps (track 10)
  • Vaughan Merrick – claps (tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10)
  • Perry Montague-Mason – violin, orchestra leader (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Chris Tombling – violin (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Mark Berrow – violin (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Warren Zielinski – violin (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Liz Edwards – violin (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Boguslaw Kostecki – violin (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Peter Hanson – violin (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Jonathan Rees – violin (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Tom Pigott-Smith – violin (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Everton Nelson – violin (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Bruce White – viola (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Jon Thorne – viola (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Katie Wilkinson – viola (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Rachel Bolt – viola (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Anthony Pleeth – cello (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Joely Koos – cello (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • John Heley – cello (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Helen Tunstall – harp (tracks 1, 6)
  • Steve Sidwell – trumpet (tracks 1, 6)
  • Richard Edwards – tenor trombone (tracks 1, 6)
  • Andy Mackintosh – alto saxophone (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Chris Davies – alto saxophone (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Jamie Talbot – tenor saxophone (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Mike Smith – tenor saxophone (tracks 1, 6)
  • Dave Bishop – baritone saxophone (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Frank Ricotti – percussion (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Gabriel Roth – band arrangements (tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, 8)
  • Chris Elliott – orchestra arrangements, orchestra conducting (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Isobel Griffiths – orchestra contractor (tracks 1, 5, 6)
  • Salaam Remi – upright bass (track 3); drums (tracks 3, 9, 11); piano (tracks 3, 7); bass (tracks 4, 7, 9, 11); guitar (tracks 7, 9)
  • Vincent Henry – baritone saxophone, tenor saxophone (tracks 3, 7); guitar (tracks 3, 4, 7, 9, 11); clarinet (tracks 4, 7); bass clarinet (track 4); alto saxophone, flute, piano, celeste (track 7); saxophone (track 11)
  • Bruce Purse – bass trumpet, flugelhorn (tracks 3, 4, 7, 11); trumpet (tracks 4, 7, 11)
  • Troy Auxilly-Wilson – drums (tracks 4, 7, 11); tambourine (track 7)
  • John Adams – Rhodes (tracks 4, 11); organ (tracks 4, 9, 11)
  • P*Nut – original demo production (track 10)
  • Sam Koppelman – percussion (track 10)
  • Cochemea Gastelum – baritone saxophone (track 10)
  • Zalon – background vocals (track 10)
  • Ade – background vocals (track 10)

Technical edit

  • Mark Ronson – production (tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10); recording (tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, 8)
  • Tom Elmhirst – mixing (tracks 1, 2, 5–8, 10)
  • Matt Paul – mixing assistance (tracks 1, 2, 5–8, 10); recording (track 10)
  • Salaam Remi – production (tracks 3, 4, 7, 9, 11)
  • Franklin Socorro – recording (tracks 3, 4, 7, 9, 11)
  • Gleyder "Gee" Disla – recording assistance (tracks 3, 4, 7, 9, 11)
  • Shomari "Sho" Dillon – recording assistance (tracks 3, 4, 7, 9, 11)
  • Gary "G Major" Noble – mixing (tracks 3, 4, 9, 11)
  • James Wisner – mixing assistance (tracks 3, 4, 9, 11)
  • Dom Morley – recording engineering assistance (tracks 1, 5, 6, 10); recording (track 10)
  • Vaughan Merrick – recording (tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10)
  • Jesse Gladstone – recording assistance (tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, 8)
  • Mike Makowski – recording assistance (tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, 8)
  • Gabriel Roth – recording (track 10)
  • Derek Pacuk – recording (track 10)
  • Stuart Hawkes – mastering[f]

Artwork edit

  • Mischa Richter – photography
  • Harry Benson – centre page photography
  • Alex Hutchinson – design

Charts edit

Certifications and sales edit

Certifications for Back to Black
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Argentina (CAPIF)[309] Gold 20,000^
Australia (ARIA)[310] 6× Platinum 420,000‡
Austria (IFPI Austria)[311] 7× Platinum 210,000*
Belgium (BEA)[312] 3× Platinum 150,000*
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[313] Diamond 250,000*
Canada (Music Canada)[314] Platinum 100,000^
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[315] 7× Platinum 140,000‡
Finland (Musiikkituottajat)[316] Platinum 33,884[316]
France (SNEP)[318] 2× Platinum 1,000,000[317]
Germany (BVMI)[319] 6× Platinum 1,200,000^
Greece (IFPI Greece)[130] Platinum 15,000^
Hungary (MAHASZ)[320] Platinum 6,000^
Italy
sales in 2008 		— 100,000[321]
Italy (FIMI)[322]
sales since 2009 		4× Platinum 200,000‡
Japan (RIAJ)[323] Gold 100,000^
Netherlands (NVPI)[324] 5× Platinum 350,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[325] 3× Platinum 45,000^
Norway (IFPI Norway)[326] Platinum 40,000*
Poland (ZPAV)[327] 2× Platinum 40,000*
Portugal (AFP)[328] 2× Platinum 40,000^
Russia (NFPF)[329] 2× Platinum 40,000*
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[330] 2× Platinum 160,000^
Sweden (GLF)[331] Platinum 40,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[332] 7× Platinum 210,000^
Turkey (Mü-Yap)[333] Gold 5,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[117] 14× Platinum 4,200,000‡
United States (RIAA)[125] 2× Platinum 2,000,000 ‡ / 3,000,000[126]
Summaries
Europe (IFPI)[133] 8× Platinum 8,000,000*
Worldwide — 16,000,000[134]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Release history edit

Release history for Back to Black
Region Date Edition Label Ref.
Ireland 27 October 2006 Standard Island [334]
United Kingdom 30 October 2006 [335]
Poland 20 November 2006 Universal [336]
Germany 21 November 2006 [337]
Canada 12 December 2006 [338]
France 28 January 2007 [318]
Italy 2 February 2007 [339]
Australia 24 February 2007 [340]
United States 13 March 2007 Universal Republic [173]
Germany 15 June 2007 Limited Universal [175]
Netherlands 13 July 2007 [180]
Japan 5 September 2007 Standard [341]
Canada 13 November 2007 Deluxe [342]
Australia 17 November 2007 [176]
Ireland 23 November 2007 Island [343]
Germany 30 November 2007 Universal [177]
United Kingdom 3 December 2007 Island [344]
Japan 6 February 2008 Universal [341]
Italy 29 February 2008 [345]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Used in all countries except the United States and Japan
  2. ^ Tracks 3, 4, 7, 9 and 11
  3. ^ a b Tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 10
  4. ^ Track 10
  5. ^ Tracks 1, 2, 5, 6 and 8
  6. ^ Stuart Hawkes is only credited in the liner notes of select vinyl pressings of Back to Black.[181]

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December 07, 2023
back, black, other, uses, disambiguation, confused, with, back, black, song, film, second, final, studio, album, english, singer, songwriter, winehouse, released, october, 2006, island, records, winehouse, predominantly, based, album, tumultuous, relationship,. For other uses see Back to Black disambiguation Not to be confused with Back in Black Back to Black song or Back to Black film Back to Black is the second and final studio album by English singer and songwriter Amy Winehouse released on 27 October 2006 by Island Records Winehouse predominantly based the album on her tumultuous relationship with then ex boyfriend and future husband Blake Fielder Civil who temporarily left her to pursue his previous ex girlfriend Their short lived separation spurred her to create an album that explores themes of guilt grief infidelity heartbreak and trauma in a relationship Back to BlackStandard edition cover a Studio album by Amy WinehouseReleased27 October 2006 2006 10 27 Recorded2005 2006StudioInstrument Zoo Miami b Daptone New York City c Allido New York City d Chung King New York City e Metropolis London c GenreSoul rhythm and blues R amp B neo soul popLength34 56LabelIslandProducerMark Ronson Salaam RemiAmy Winehouse chronologyFrank 2003 Back to Black 2006 I Told You I Was Trouble Live in London 2007 Alternative coverUS and Japanese coverSingles from Back to Black Rehab Released 23 October 2006 You Know I m No Good Released 8 January 2007 Back to Black Released 30 April 2007 Tears Dry on Their Own Released 13 August 2007 Love Is a Losing Game Released 10 December 2007Influenced by the pop and soul music of 1960s girl groups Winehouse collaborated with producers Salaam Remi and Mark Ronson along with Sharon Jones band The Dap Kings to assist her on capturing the sounds from that period while blending them with contemporary R amp B and neo soul music Between 2005 and 2006 she recorded the album s songs with Remi at Instrumental Zoo Studios in Miami and then with Ronson and the Dap Kings at Chung King Studios and Daptone Records in New York Tom Elmhirst mixed the album at Metropolis Studios in London Back to Black received unanimous critical acclaim from music critics who praised Winehouse s songwriting and emotive singing style as well as Remi and Ronson s production The album spawned five singles Rehab You Know I m No Good Back to Black Tears Dry on Their Own and Love Is a Losing Game It has also been cited as being a key influence to the widespread popularity of British soul throughout the late 2000s paving the musical landscape for artists such as Adele Duffy and Estelle At the 2008 Grammy Awards Back to Black won Best Pop Vocal Album and was also nominated for Album of the Year At the same ceremony Winehouse won four additional awards tying her with five other artists as the second most awarded female in a single ceremony The album was also nominated at the 2007 Brit Awards for MasterCard British Album and was short listed for the 2007 Mercury Prize Back to Black sold 3 58 million copies in the UK alone becoming the UK s second best selling album of the 21st century so far The album has sold over 16 million copies worldwide A deluxe edition of Back to Black was released in November 2007 containing a bonus disc of B sides and live tracks Winehouse s debut DVD I Told You I Was Trouble Live in London released that same month includes a live set recorded at Shepherd s Bush Empire in London and a 50 minute documentary detailing the singer s career over the previous four years In 2020 Back to Black was ranked at number 33 on Rolling Stone s list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time Contents 1 Background 2 Recording and production 2 1 Post production 3 Music and lyrics 3 1 Composition and sound 3 2 Songs 1 6 3 3 Songs 7 11 4 Release and promotion 5 Touring 6 Critical reception 6 1 Accolades 7 Commercial performance 8 Impact and legacy 8 1 Documentary 9 Track listing 9 1 Notes 9 2 Sample credits 10 Personnel 10 1 Musicians 10 2 Technical 10 3 Artwork 11 Charts 11 1 Weekly charts 11 2 Year end charts 11 3 Decade end charts 11 4 All time charts 12 Certifications and sales 13 Release history 14 See also 15 Notes 16 References 16 1 Bibliography 17 External linksBackground editAfter signing with Island Records in 2002 1 Winehouse released her debut album Frank on 20 October 2003 She dedicated the album to her ex boyfriend Chris Taylor as she gradually lost interest in him 2 3 Produced mainly by Salaam Remi many songs were influenced by jazz and apart from two cover versions every song was co written by Winehouse The album received positive reviews 4 5 with compliments over the cool critical gaze in its lyrics 6 while her vocals drew comparisons to Sarah Vaughan 7 Macy Gray and others 6 The album reached number 13 on the UK Albums Chart at the time of its release and has been certified triple Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry BPI 8 9 In 2004 Winehouse was nominated for British Female Solo Artist and British Urban Act at the Brit Awards 10 while Frank made the shortlist for the Mercury Prize 11 That same year the album s first single Stronger Than Me earned Winehouse and Remi an Ivor Novello Award for Best Contemporary Song 12 In a 2004 interview with The Observer Winehouse expressed dissatisfaction with the album stating that some things on the album made her go to a little place that s fucking bitter She further notes that the marketing was fucked the promotion was terrible and everything was a shambles 13 In 2003 Winehouse dated Blake Fielder Civil who was an assistant on music video sets Around the same time she rediscovered the 1960s music she loved as a girl stating in a 2007 Rolling Stone interview When I fell in love with Blake there was Sixties music around us a lot 14 In 2005 the couple spent a lot of time in a local Camden bar and during their time there Winehouse would listen to blues 60s girl groups and Motown artists explaining that it was her local and spent a lot of time there playing pool and listening to jukebox music 14 The music heard in the bar appealed to Winehouse when she was writing songs for her second album 14 Around the same year she went through a period of drinking heavy drug use and weight loss 15 People who saw her during the end of that year and early 2006 reported a rebound that coincided with the writing of Back to Black 15 Her family believes that the mid 2006 death of her grandmother who was a stabilising influence set her off into addiction 15 Fielder Civil then left Winehouse to revert to his previous girlfriend During their break she would write the bulk of the album on the state of her relationship at the time with Blake Fielder Civil through themes of grief guilt and heartache 14 Winehouse dated musician Alex Clare briefly in 2006 16 and would later return to and marry Fielder Civil in the following year 3 17 Recording and production edit She Winehouse was in Miami only for ten days for Back to Black Her vocals were quick She d give a couple takes that were effortless and honest and we d the Instrumental Zoo personnel have it People think of studio sessions as all nighters but we d get there at 10 a m to set up she d come at noon By 8 or 9 at night we were done and we d be back up in the morning getting it done in the daylight Frank Socorro sound engineer for Back to Black 18 Most of the songs on Back to Black were solely written by Winehouse 19 as her primary focus of the album s sound shifted more towards the style of the girl groups from the 1950s and 1960s Winehouse worked with New York singer Sharon Jones s longtime band the Dap Kings to back her up in the studio and on tour 20 Her father Mitch Winehouse relates in his memoir Amy My Daughter how fascinating watching her process was especially with witnessing her perfectionism in the studio She would also put out what she had sung on a CD and play it in his taxi outside to know how most people would hear her music 21 nbsp Mark Ronson pictured above was one of the main co producers for the album In 2005 Winehouse returned to Miami as she went there previously to produce her debut album to record five songs at Salaam Remi s Instrumental Zoo Studios Tears Dry on Their Own Some Unholy War Me amp Mr Jones Just Friends and Addicted The recording process of Remi s album portion was intimate consisting of Winehouse singing while on guitar and Remi adding the other instruments played mostly by himself chiefly played the piano and the main bass guitars on the album or by instrumentalist Vincent Henry primarily played the saxophone the flute and the clarinet 18 19 Winehouse and producer Mark Ronson both shared a publishing company which encouraged a meeting between the two They conversed in March 2006 in Ronson s New York studio that he used to have They worked on six tracks together Rehab Back to Black You Know I m No Good Love Is a Losing Game Wake Up Alone and He Can Only Hold Her 3 19 22 Ronson said in a 2010 interview with The Guardian that he liked working with Winehouse because she was blunt when she did not like his work 23 She in turn thought that when they first met he was a sound engineer and that she was expecting an older man with a beard 24 Ronson wrote Back to Black the night after he met Winehouse explaining in a 2010 Mojo interview I just thought Let s talk about music see what she likes She said she liked to go out to bars and clubs and play snooker with her boyfriend and listen to the Shangri Las So she played me some of those records I told her that I had nothing to play her right now but if she lets me work on something overnight she could come back tomorrow So I came up with this little piano riff which became the verse chords to Back to Black Behind it I just put a kick drum and a tambourine and tons of reverb 22 Mark Ronson later recalled the Back to Black recording sessions in a 2015 The FADER interview Amy was so serious about her words Working on Back to Black when she first sang the chorus she said We only said goodbye in words I died a hundred times My producer instinct went off and I said Hey sorry it s got to rhyme That s weird Can you fix that And she just looked at me like I was crazy like Why would I fix that That s what came out They re some of the most unlikely lyrics you could ever imagine on a massive pop single 25 Winehouse s father later recalled the formulation of Rehab in his memoir One day Ronson and Winehouse decided to take a quick stroll around the neighborhood because Amy wanted to buy her then boyfriend Alex Clare a present on the way back Amy began telling Mark about being with Blake Fielder Civil her ex then not being with Blake and being with Alex instead She told him about the time at my house after she d been in hospital when everyone had been going on at her about her drinking You know they tried to make me go to rehab and I told them no no no That s quite gimmicky Mark replied It sounds hooky You should go back to the studio and we should turn that into a song 22 The majority of the songs produced by Ronson were completed at Daptone Records along with the instrumental help of The Dap Kings in Brooklyn New York 19 26 27 Three of the horn players from the group played a baritone saxophone a tenor saxophone and a trumpet Ronson recorded the trio to create the 60s sounding metallics on the album The drums piano guitar and bass were all done together in one room with the drums being recorded with one microphone There was also much spill between the instruments 28 Additional production of the album was located at Chung King 27 and Allido Studios 29 30 31 32 in New York City and at Metropolis Records in London 19 In the Allido studio Ronson used synthesisers and vintage keyboards to display the sound landscape for the album including the Wurlitzer electric piano 19 33 In May of that year Winehouse s demo tracks such as You Know I m No Good and Rehab appeared on Mark Ronson s New York radio show on East Village Radio These were some of the first new songs played on the radio after the release of Pumps and both were slated to appear on her second album The 11 track album completed in five months 21 was produced entirely by Remi and Ronson with the production credits being split between them Post production edit Tom Elmhirst who mixed the single You Know I m No Good was enlisted to help with the mixing of the album at Metropolis Records He first received Ronson s original mix which he described as being radical in terms of panning kind of Beatlesque He continued The drums for instance were all panned to one side He attempted to mix Love Is a Losing Game in the same manner he did with Rehab but felt it was not right to do so Elmhirst mixed Rehab but when he first received the multitrack of the song the track amount was minimal Therefore Ronson went to London to record strings brass and percussion in one of Metropolis tracking rooms 26 34 After these instruments were added the song had garnered a retro 60s soul R amp B feel to it Elmhirst added a contemporary sound to the song as well while Ronson wanted to keep the mix sparse and not overproduced 34 The album was mastered by Stuart Hawkes at Metropolis 35 Music and lyrics editComposition and sound edit nbsp The album is noted to resemble Phil Spector s Wall of Sound 36 Back to Black has been cited to have musical stylings of contemporary R amp B 34 neo soul 37 reggae 38 classic R amp B 39 and 1960s pop and soul 40 41 According to AllMusic s John Bush Back to Black finds Winehouse deserting jazz and wholly embracing contemporary R amp B 42 David Mead of Paste also viewed it as a departure from Frank and said that it sets her singing to Salaam Remi and Mark Ronson s synthetic Motown style backdrop 43 Meanwhile Ann Powers from NPR Music characterised Back to Black as a full embrace of classic rhythm and blues 39 Music journalist Chuck Eddy credits Ronson and Remi s production for resembling Phil Spector s Wall of Sound technique and surrounding Winehouse with brass and string sections harp and the Wurlitzer 36 PopMatters writer Christian John Wikane said that its sensibilities of 1960s pop and soul are contradicted by Winehouse s blunt lyrics and felt that this particular marriage of words and music mirrors the bittersweet dichotomy that sometimes frames real relationships 40 The staff of The A V Club emphasized on the record s status as the pinnacle of the Brit neo soul wave it ushered in 37 Songs 1 6 edit nbsp Rehab source source track Rehab follows the album s musical style of utilizing the mixture of retro and modern instrumentation particularly this song uses timpanis bells slight vintage effects on the piano and bass and spring reverbs on the lead vocals and drums 34 Problems playing this file See media help The album s first song and single Rehab is an upbeat 44 contemporary 34 and autobiographical song about Winehouse s past refusal to attend an alcohol rehabilitation centre after a conversation she had with her father Mitch Winehouse Previously her management team prodded her to go to one The song also contains spring reverbs on the lead vocals and drums to obtain a retro feel live handclaps timpanis bells and slight vintage effects on the piano and bass 34 Winehouse mentions Ray and Mr Hathaway in reference to Ray Charles and Donny Hathaway However for some time during live performances she replaced Ray with Blake referring to her ex husband Blake Fielder Civil who served time in prison for charges relating to grievous bodily harm 45 You Know I m No Good is an uptempo 46 song about Winehouse cheating on a good man that loves her and therefore cheating herself out of a healthy relationship The lyrics also entail Winehouse as being helpless while trying to understand and resist her own self destructive compulsions 47 In the jazz and reggae influenced Me and Mr Jones song Winehouse sings about accepting that she never made it to a Slick Rick concert but yet refuses to skip a Nas show as they were both close friends Nas last name is Jones 48 The song s title plays off the 1972 Me and Mrs Jones by Billy Paul In a 2011 XXL interview Nas recollects I don t really remember if Salaam who was really close to her Winehouse who introduced us if he told me about it Mr Jones being based on Nas or not But I heard a lot about it before I even heard the song 22 Winehouse cursed about the relationship between her and Nas in the song s first chorus What kind of fuckery is this You made me miss the Slick Rick gig and in later ones as well In a Genius commentary Island Records president Darcus Beese added that the original track was titled Fuckery from both Remi and Winehouse He then continues I remember saying to Amy and Salaam You can t call this song Fuckery Salaam was more of the grown up of the two but Amy was like Well why can t I That s why I always say you have to give everything you re thinking and give people something that s exciting 49 The fourth song on the album Just Friends is about a woman trying to pull away from an illicit affair with lyrics indicating The guilt will kill you if she don t first It is a ska soul song 50 with a pulsing reggae groove throughout the track 38 Jon Pareles of The New York Times elaborates that Winehouse makes songs such as Just Friends into games of tone and phrasing withholding a line and then breezing through it stretching out a note over her backing band s steady beat 51 The title track Back to Black explores elements of old school soul music 52 The song s sound and beat have been described as similar to vintage girl groups from the 1960s 53 54 Its production was noted for its Wall of Sound 53 55 Winehouse expresses feelings of hurt and bitterness for a boyfriend who has left her however throughout the lyrics she remains strong exemplified in the opening lines He left no time to regret Kept his d ck sic wet With his same old safe bet Me and my head high And my tears dry Get on without my guy 56 The song was inspired by her relationship with Fielder Civil who had left Winehouse for an ex girlfriend The breakup left her going to black which to the listener may appear to refer to drinking and depression Black has sometimes been considered as a reference to heroin but this is inaccurate as Winehouse s heroin use did not begin until after her marriage to Blake Fielder Civil mid 2007 as confirmed in the Asif Kapadia documentary The song s lyrical content consists of a sad goodbye to a relationship with the lyrics being frank 54 57 John Murphy of musicOMH compared the song s introduction to the Martha and the Vandellas song Jimmy Mack adding that it continues to a much darker place 52 Love Is a Losing Game is a sentimental ballad that invokes Winehouse s chosen metaphor as a pastime that could be addictive and destructive Alexis Petridis of The Guardian further explains Over a solitary electric guitar and subtle drums Winehouse s voice takes centre stage to set out her resigned viewpoint that as with gambling you can only love for so long before ending up the loser 58 Songs 7 11 edit nbsp Tears Dry on Their Own source source track The main chord progression of the song s chorus samples Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell s 1967 song Ain t No Mountain High Enough 50 Problems playing this file See media help The song Tears Dry on Their Own samples the main chord progression from Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell s 1967 song Ain t No Mountain High Enough 50 Remi stated that he thought the album needed something up tempo and suggested to Winehouse that she procure a slower sadder conception of the song 59 Laura Barton of The Guardian explicated the track as Winehouse giving herself a stern talking to with lyrics such as I cannot play myself again I should be my own best friend and Not fuck myself in the head with stupid men 60 The HelloBeautiful staff views Wake Up Alone written by Winehouse and Paul O Duffy as another sentimental ballad that chronicles the time right after a breakup and when you re trying not to think of the person by keeping busy They add B ut when night time comes so do the thoughts of said person 61 Winehouse spent a month in O Duffy s North London studio working on tracks of the album and Wake Up Alone was the first song recorded during the sessions and the only tune that made it onto the album A one take demo of the song recorded in March 2006 by O Duffy later appeared on Winehouse s posthumous album Lioness Hidden Treasures 62 Nick Shymansky Winehouse s first manager revealed that the inspiration of Some Unholy War a mid tempo soul song 63 came into fruition after Winehouse heard a radio broadcast on the War in Afghanistan As she heard the term holy war a war being primarily caused or justified by differences in religion Winehouse immediately thought of an idea to spin the religious conflict into her own personal issues with Fielder Civil The idea is further bolstered with the song s opening lines If my man was fighting some unholy war I would be behind him Usually in live performances she would start with the slower version of the song before proceeding into a more uptempo version 64 He Can Only Hold Her interpolates My Girl She s a Fox by brothers Robert and Richard Poindexter Joshua Klein of Pitchfork describes Winehouse in the song as an objective observer and able to see her personal issues for what they are The chorus goes So he tries to pacify her cause what s inside her never dies 65 Klein assumes that from this new vantage Winehouse has moved on 66 John Harrison the original demo producer of He Can Only Hold Her explained at a BIMM London masterclass that he was introduced to My Girl She s a Fox by his sister He then played the song for Winehouse and when she expressed interest made a backing track for her Harrison was not originally given a writing credit on Back to Black so he sued Winehouse for copyright infringement They had a settlement over the song and eventually his name was added to the track The initial Back to Black liner notes only said Original demo produced by P Nut John Harrison s nickname 67 68 Addicted a bonus track included on the expanded versions of Back to Black pertains to Winehouse s experiences with marijuana I used to smoke a lot of weed the singer told Rolling Stone in 2007 I suppose if you have an addictive personality then you go from one poison to the other 69 Release and promotion edit nbsp Winehouse performing at the Eurockeennes festival in France in 2007Back to Black was released on 27 October 2006 70 A deluxe edition of Back to Black was released in mainland Europe in November 2007 and in the United Kingdom on 3 December 2007 The reissue features the original studio album remastered as well as a bonus disc containing various B sides and live tracks including Winehouse s solo rendition of the single Valerie on BBC Radio 1 s Live Lounge the song was originally available in studio form on Ronson s Version album Winehouse s debut DVD I Told You I Was Trouble Live in London was released in the UK on 5 November and in the US on 13 November It includes a live set recorded at London s Shepherd s Bush Empire and a 50 minute documentary chronicling the singer s career over the previous four years 71 The first single released from the album on 23 October 2006 was Rehab On 22 October 2006 based solely on download sales it entered the UK Singles Chart at number 19 72 and when the physical single was released the following week it climbed to number seven 73 Following a performance of Rehab at the 2007 MTV Movie Awards on 3 June 2007 the song rose to number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 for the week of 23 June 74 peaking at number nine the following week 75 You Know I m No Good was released on 8 January 2007 as the album s second single reaching number 18 on the UK Singles Chart 76 Back to Black was released in the United States in March 2007 with a remix of You Know I m No Good featuring rap vocals by Ghostface Killah as its lead single A third UK single Back to Black was released on 30 April 2007 Having previously peaked at number 25 on the UK chart the track climbed to number eight in late July 2011 following Winehouse s death 76 77 Two further singles were released from the album Tears Dry on Their Own was released on 13 August 2007 and peaked at number 16 in the UK while Love Is a Losing Game released on 10 December 2007 reached number 33 76 Touring edit nbsp Winehouse performing with the Rolling Stones at the Isle of Wight Festival 2007Winehouse promoted the release of Back to Black with headline performances in late 2006 including a Little Noise Sessions charity concert at the Union Chapel in Islington London 78 On 31 December 2006 Winehouse appeared on Jools Holland s Annual Hootenanny and performed a cover of Marvin Gaye s I Heard It Through the Grapevine along with Paul Weller and Holland s Rhythm and Blues Orchestra She also performed Toots and the Maytals Monkey Man 79 80 At his request actor Bruce Willis introduced Winehouse before her performance of Rehab at the 2007 MTV Movie Awards in Universal City California on 3 June 2007 81 During the summer of 2007 she performed at various festivals including Glastonbury Festival 82 Lollapalooza in Chicago 83 Belgium s Rock Werchter and Virgin Festival in Baltimore 84 In November 2007 the opening night of a 17 date tour was marred by booing and walkouts at the National Indoor Arena in Birmingham A critic for the Birmingham Mail said it was one of the saddest nights of my life I saw a supremely talented artist reduced to tears stumbling around the stage and unforgivably swearing at the audience 85 Other concerts ended similarly with for example fans at her Hammersmith Apollo performance saying that she looked highly intoxicated throughout 86 until she announced on 27 November 2007 that her performances and public appearances were cancelled for the remainder of the year citing her doctor s advice to take a complete rest A statement issued by concert promoter Live Nation blamed the rigours involved in touring and the intense emotional strain that Amy has been under in recent weeks for the decision 87 Mitch Winehouse wrote about her nervousness before public performances in his 2012 book Amy My Daughter 88 Critical reception editProfessional ratingsAggregate scoresSourceRatingMetacritic81 100 89 Review scoresSourceRatingAllMusic nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 42 The A V ClubA 90 Entertainment WeeklyA 91 The Guardian nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 92 The Independent nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 93 The Observer nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 94 Pitchfork6 4 10 66 Q nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 95 Rolling Stone nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 96 The Times nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 97 Back to Black received widespread acclaim from critics At Metacritic which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications the album received an average score of 81 based on 26 reviews 89 AllMusic writer John Bush lauded Winehouse s musical transition from her debut record All the best parts of her musical character emerge intact and actually are all the better for the transformation from jazz vocalist to soul siren 42 Dorian Lynskey of The Guardian called Back to Black a 21st century soul classic 92 Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine said that Winehouse and her producers are expert mood setters or crafty reconstructionists 98 The New Yorker s Sasha Frere Jones praised Winehouse s mush mouthed approach on the album 99 Nathan Rabin writing in The A V Club was impressed by the incongruity between Winehouse s trifling lyrical concerns and Back To Black s wall of sound richness 90 Entertainment Weekly s Will Hermes felt that her smartass lyrics raise the album into the realm of true of the minute originality 91 Douglas Wolk writing for Blender said that the album sounds fantastic partly because the production nails sample ready 60s soul right down to the drum sound Winehouse is one hell of an impressive singer especially when she s not copping other people s phrasing 100 Some reviewers were more critical of the album In a mixed review Rolling Stone s Christian Hoard stated The tunes don t always hold up But the best ones are impossible to dislike 96 Robert Christgau gave it an honorable mention in his consumer guide for MSN Music citing You Know I m No Good and Rehab as highlights and writing Pray her marriage lasts she s observant and it would broaden her perspective 101 Pitchfork critic Joshua Klein criticised Winehouse s defensive subjective lyrics concerning relationships but added that Winehouse has been blessed by a brassy voice that can transform even mundane sentiments into powerful statements 66 Accolades edit Back to Black was named one of the 10 best albums of 2006 and 2007 by several publications on their year end albums lists including Time number one 102 Entertainment Weekly number two Billboard number three The New York Times number three The Austin Chronicle number four Slant Magazine number four and Blender number eight 103 The album was placed at number 40 on Rolling Stone s list of The Top 50 Albums of 2007 104 Entertainment Weekly critic Chris Willman named Back to Black the second best album of 2007 commenting that Black will hold up as one of the great breakthrough CDs of our time He adds In the end the singer s real life heartache over her incarcerated spouse proves what s obvious from the grooves When this lady sings about love she means every word 105 Rolling Stone s list of the 100 Best Albums of the 2000s ranked the album number 20 106 At the 2007 Brit Awards Winehouse won British Female Solo Artist and Back to Black was nominated for MasterCard British Album 107 In July 2007 the album was shortlisted for the 2007 Mercury Prize but lost out to Klaxons Myths of the Near Future 108 This was the second time that Winehouse was nominated for the Mercury Prize her debut album Frank was shortlisted in 2004 11 Back to Black won numerous awards at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards on 10 February 2008 including Record of the Year and Song of the Year for Rehab while the album received nominations for Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album winning the latter 109 110 Winehouse herself for the album was presented the Grammy for Best New Artist 109 while Ronson earned the 2008 Grammy Award for Producer of the Year Non Classical 111 Commercial performance editBack to Black debuted at number three on the UK Albums Chart on 5 November 2006 with first week sales of 43 021 copies 112 The album reached number one for the first time during the week ending 20 January 2007 its 11th week on the chart selling over 35 500 copies 113 The following week it remained at number one with nearly 48 000 copies sold 114 Five weeks later it returned for a third week atop the UK chart selling 47 000 copies 115 Back to Black was the best selling album of 2007 in the UK having sold 1 85 million copies 116 The BPI certified the album 13 times Platinum on 30 March 2018 117 and by October 2018 it had sold 3 93 million copies 118 making it the UK s second best selling album of the 21st century so far 119 as well as the 12th best selling album in the UK of all time 120 Back to Black debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 in the United States with first week sales of 51 000 copies 121 becoming the highest debut entry for an album by a British female solo artist at the time a record that would be broken by Joss Stone s Introducing Joss Stone which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 the following week 122 123 Following Winehouse s multiple wins at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards the album jumped from number 24 to a new peak of number two on the Billboard 200 chart issue dated 1 March 2008 with sales of 115 000 copies 124 The album was certified double Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America RIAA on 12 March 2008 125 and has since sold nearly three million copies in the US 126 Back to Black topped the European Top 100 Albums chart for 13 non consecutive weeks 127 while reaching number one in several European countries such as Austria Belgium Germany Greece Ireland and Switzerland 128 129 130 131 132 The album was certified eight times Platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry IFPI in late 2011 denoting sales of eight million copies across Europe 133 By September 2018 the album had sold over 16 million copies worldwide 134 Following Winehouse s death on 23 July 2011 135 sales of Back to Black drastically increased across the world The album rose to number one on several iTunes charts worldwide 136 On 24 July 2011 with fewer than seven hours sales after the announcement of her death counting towards the respective week s chart figures 137 the album re entered the UK Albums Chart at number 49 with 2 446 copies sold 138 The following week it soared back to number one 77 marking the fourth time the album had reached the top of the chart Back to Black held the top spot for two additional weeks 139 140 On 26 July 2011 Billboard reported that the album had re entered the Billboard 200 chart dated 6 August 2011 at number nine with sales of 37 000 copies 141 although that week s chart only tracked the first 36 hours of sales after her death was announced 142 The following week it climbed to number seven with 38 000 copies sold after a full week s worth of sales 143 In Canada the album re entered the Canadian Albums Chart at number 13 on sales of 2 500 copies 144 145 It rose to number six the following week selling an additional 5 000 copies 146 In continental Europe Back to Black returned to the number one spot in Austria 147 Croatia 148 Germany 149 the Netherlands 150 Poland 151 and Switzerland 152 while reaching number one for the first time in Italy 153 Impact and legacy edit nbsp nbsp nbsp Back to Black s success helped popularise the female British soul wave in the mid late 2000s paving the way for prominent artists such as Adele Duffy and Estelle 154 155 156 157 After the release of Back to Black record companies sought out more experimental female artists Other female artists signed to major labels included Adele Duffy V V Brown Florence and the Machine La Roux and Little Boots In the years after Back to Black was released Dan Cairns of The Sunday Times noted that there was a notion by A amp R executives radio playlisters and the public that women are the driving commercial force in pop 157 In March 2011 the New York Daily News ran an article attributing the continuing wave of British female artists that have been successful in the United States to Winehouse and her absence Spin magazine music editor Charles Aaron was quoted as saying Amy Winehouse was the Nirvana moment for all these women They can all be traced back to her in terms of attitude musical styles or fashion According to Keith Caulfield chart manager for Billboard Because of Amy or the lack thereof the marketplace was able to get singers like Adele Estelle and Duffy Now those ladies have brought on the new ones like Eliza Doolittle Rumer and Ellie Goulding 156 Linda Barnard of The Toronto Star finds Winehouse to be amongst the British women who claimed chart topping ownership with powerful voices and that her impressive five Grammy wins for Back to Black put her at the pinnacle of pop music 158 In 2020 Rolling Stone ranked the album at number 33 on its list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time 159 The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die 160 In a retrospective review for Rolling Stone in 2010 Douglas Wolk gave the album four and a half out of five stars and referred to it as an unlikely marvel a desperately sad and stirring record whose hooks and production by Remi and Mark Ronson are worthy of the soul hall of famers she namedrops Tears Dry on Their Own is basically Ain t No Mountain High Enough recast as self recrimination 161 In a 2019 poll of music writers conducted by The Guardian Back to Black placed first in a ranking of the best albums of the 21st Century 162 Documentary edit In September 2018 a documentary film based on Back to Black titled Amy Winehouse Back to Black was released 163 164 165 It contains new interviews 166 as well as archival footage 167 It was made by Eagle Vision 168 169 produced by Gil Cang 170 and released on DVD on 2 November 2018 171 The film features interviews by producers Mark Ronson and Salaam Remi who worked half and half on the album along with the Dap Kings Remi s music team Ronettes singer Ronnie Spector and close friends of Winehouse including Nick Shymansky Juliette Ashby and Dionne Bromfield The film is accompanied by An Intimate Evening in London footage of a show Winehouse gave at Riverside Studios in London in 2008 Track listing editAll tracks are written by Amy Winehouse except where notedNo TitleWriter s Producer s Length1 Rehab Mark Ronson3 342 You Know I m No Good Ronson4 173 Me amp Mr Jones Salaam Remi2 334 Just Friends Remi3 135 Back to Black WinehouseRonsonRonson4 016 Love Is a Losing Game Ronson2 357 Tears Dry on Their Own WinehouseNickolas AshfordValerie SimpsonRemi3 068 Wake Up Alone WinehousePaul O DuffyRonson3 429 Some Unholy War Remi2 2210 He Can Only Hold Her WinehouseRichard PoindexterRobert PoindexterRonson2 4611 Addicted Remi2 45Total length 34 56 US edition 172 173 No TitleWriter s Producer s Length10 He Can Only Hold Her has 31 seconds of silence at the end WinehouseRichard PoindexterRobert PoindexterRonson3 1911 You Know I m No Good remix featuring Ghostface Killah Ronson3 2212 Rehab Hot Chip remix iTunes Store bonus track RonsonHot Chip a 6 58Total length 45 47 Japanese edition bonus tracks 174 No TitleWriter s Producer s Length12 Close to the Front WinehouseFelix HowardPaul SimmHowardSimm4 3513 Hey Little Rich Girl featuring Zalon and Ade Rod Byers 3 3514 Monkey Man Frederick Hibbert 2 5615 Back to Black The Rumble Strips remix WinehouseRonsonRonsonThe Rumble Strips a 3 4816 You Know I m No Good remix featuring Ghostface Killah Ronson3 22Total length 53 12 German limited edition bonus tracks 175 No TitleWriter s Length11 Rehab live at Kalkscheune Berlin 3 3712 Love Is a Losing Game live at Kalkscheune Berlin 2 4513 Tears Dry on Their Own live at Kalkscheune Berlin WinehouseAshfordSimpson3 1514 Take the Box live at Kalkscheune Berlin WinehouseLuke Smith3 3915 Valerie live at Kalkscheune Berlin Sean PayneDave McCabeAbi HardingBoyan ChowdhuryRussell Pritchard4 14Total length 52 26 Deluxe edition bonus disc 176 177 178 No TitleWriter s Producer s Length1 Valerie PayneMcCabeHardingChowdhuryPritchardRonson3 532 Cupid Sam Cooke 3 493 Monkey Man Hibbert 2 564 Some Unholy War down tempo Remi3 175 Hey Little Rich Girl featuring Zalon and Ade Byers 3 356 You re Wondering Now UK Australian and Japanese editions only Clement Dodd 2 337 To Know Him Is to Love Him Phil SpectorSam Gregory2 248 Love Is a Losing Game original demo Ronson3 43Total length 26 10 Best Buy exclusive deluxe edition bonus DVD 179 No TitleLength1 International Electronic Press Kit 23 012 Intro Back to Black live The Orange Lounge 2 403 Rehab live The Orange Lounge 3 304 You Know I m No Good live The Orange Lounge 3 115 Love Is a Losing Game live The Orange Lounge 2 37Total length 34 59 Dutch limited edition bonus disc Live from Paradiso Amsterdam 8 February 2007 180 No TitleWriter s Length1 Just Friends 3 202 Back to Black WinehouseRonson3 553 I Heard Love Is Blind 3 134 Rehab 3 335 You Know I m No Good 4 176 Love Is a Losing Game 2 47Total length 21 05 Notes edit a signifies a remixer Addicted is only included on UK and Irish pressings of the standard album while appearing as a bonus track on all deluxe editions of the album Sample credits edit Tears Dry on Their Own contains a sample interpolation of Ain t No Mountain High Enough written by Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson 19 He Can Only Hold Her contains a sample interpolation of My Girl She s a Fox written by Richard and Robert Poindexter 19 Personnel editCredits adapted from the liner notes of Back to Black 19 Musicians edit Amy Winehouse vocals all tracks guitar tracks 3 4 9 11 background vocals tracks 3 7 9 11 Nick Movshon bass guitar tracks 1 2 5 6 8 10 Homer Steinweiss drums tracks 1 2 5 6 8 10 Thomas Brenneck guitar tracks 1 2 5 6 8 10 Binky Griptite guitar tracks 1 2 5 6 8 10 Victor Axelrod piano tracks 1 2 5 6 8 10 Wurlitzer claps tracks 1 2 Dave Guy trumpet tracks 1 2 10 Neal Sugarman tenor saxophone tracks 1 2 10 11 Ian Hendrickson Smith baritone saxophone tracks 1 2 Mark Ronson claps track 1 band arrangements tracks 1 2 5 6 8 tambourine track 5 snaps track 10 Vaughan Merrick claps tracks 1 2 5 6 8 10 Perry Montague Mason violin orchestra leader tracks 1 5 6 Chris Tombling violin tracks 1 5 6 Mark Berrow violin tracks 1 5 6 Warren Zielinski violin tracks 1 5 6 Liz Edwards violin tracks 1 5 6 Boguslaw Kostecki violin tracks 1 5 6 Peter Hanson violin tracks 1 5 6 Jonathan Rees violin tracks 1 5 6 Tom Pigott Smith violin tracks 1 5 6 Everton Nelson violin tracks 1 5 6 Bruce White viola tracks 1 5 6 Jon Thorne viola tracks 1 5 6 Katie Wilkinson viola tracks 1 5 6 Rachel Bolt viola tracks 1 5 6 Anthony Pleeth cello tracks 1 5 6 Joely Koos cello tracks 1 5 6 John Heley cello tracks 1 5 6 Helen Tunstall harp tracks 1 6 Steve Sidwell trumpet tracks 1 6 Richard Edwards tenor trombone tracks 1 6 Andy Mackintosh alto saxophone tracks 1 5 6 Chris Davies alto saxophone tracks 1 5 6 Jamie Talbot tenor saxophone tracks 1 5 6 Mike Smith tenor saxophone tracks 1 6 Dave Bishop baritone saxophone tracks 1 5 6 Frank Ricotti percussion tracks 1 5 6 Gabriel Roth band arrangements tracks 1 2 5 6 8 Chris Elliott orchestra arrangements orchestra conducting tracks 1 5 6 Isobel Griffiths orchestra contractor tracks 1 5 6 Salaam Remi upright bass track 3 drums tracks 3 9 11 piano tracks 3 7 bass tracks 4 7 9 11 guitar tracks 7 9 Vincent Henry baritone saxophone tenor saxophone tracks 3 7 guitar tracks 3 4 7 9 11 clarinet tracks 4 7 bass clarinet track 4 alto saxophone flute piano celeste track 7 saxophone track 11 Bruce Purse bass trumpet flugelhorn tracks 3 4 7 11 trumpet tracks 4 7 11 Troy Auxilly Wilson drums tracks 4 7 11 tambourine track 7 John Adams Rhodes tracks 4 11 organ tracks 4 9 11 P Nut original demo production track 10 Sam Koppelman percussion track 10 Cochemea Gastelum baritone saxophone track 10 Zalon background vocals track 10 Ade background vocals track 10 Technical edit Mark Ronson production tracks 1 2 5 6 8 10 recording tracks 1 2 5 6 8 Tom Elmhirst mixing tracks 1 2 5 8 10 Matt Paul mixing assistance tracks 1 2 5 8 10 recording track 10 Salaam Remi production tracks 3 4 7 9 11 Franklin Socorro recording tracks 3 4 7 9 11 Gleyder Gee Disla recording assistance tracks 3 4 7 9 11 Shomari Sho Dillon recording assistance tracks 3 4 7 9 11 Gary G Major Noble mixing tracks 3 4 9 11 James Wisner mixing assistance tracks 3 4 9 11 Dom Morley recording engineering assistance tracks 1 5 6 10 recording track 10 Vaughan Merrick recording tracks 1 2 5 6 8 10 Jesse Gladstone recording assistance tracks 1 2 5 6 8 Mike Makowski recording assistance tracks 1 2 5 6 8 Gabriel Roth recording track 10 Derek Pacuk recording track 10 Stuart Hawkes mastering f Artwork edit Mischa Richter photography Harry Benson centre page photography Alex Hutchinson designCharts editWeekly charts edit Weekly chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2006 2011 PeakpositionAustralian Albums ARIA 182 4Austrian Albums O3 Austria 147 1Belgian Albums Ultratop Flanders 128 1Belgian Albums Ultratop Wallonia 183 2Canadian Albums Billboard 184 4Croatian Albums HDU 129 1Czech Albums CNS IFPI 185 4Danish Albums Hitlisten 186 1Dutch Albums Album Top 100 150 1European Albums Billboard 127 1Finnish Albums Suomen virallinen lista 187 2French Albums SNEP 188 1German Albums Offizielle Top 100 149 1Greek Albums IFPI 130 1Hungarian Albums MAHASZ 189 3Irish Albums IRMA 131 1Italian Albums FIMI 153 1Japanese Albums Oricon 190 23Mexican Albums Top 100 Mexico 191 6New Zealand Albums RMNZ 192 1Norwegian Albums VG lista 193 1Polish Albums ZPAV 132 1Portuguese Albums AFP 194 1Russian Albums 2M 195 7Scottish Albums OCC 196 1Spanish Albums PROMUSICAE 197 1Swedish Albums Sverigetopplistan 198 4Swiss Albums Schweizer Hitparade 152 1UK Albums OCC 199 1UK R amp B Albums OCC 200 1US Billboard 200 201 2US Top Alternative Albums Billboard 202 2US Top R amp B Hip Hop Albums Billboard 203 4US Top Tastemaker Albums Billboard 204 3 Year end charts edit 2006 year end chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2006 PositionUK Albums OCC 205 692007 year end chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2007 PositionAustralian Albums ARIA 206 29Austrian Albums O3 Austria 207 30Belgian Albums Ultratop Flanders 208 5Belgian Albums Ultratop Wallonia 209 40Dutch Albums Album Top 100 210 4European Albums Billboard 211 2Finnish Albums Suomen virallinen lista 212 19French Albums SNEP 213 6German Albums Offizielle Top 100 214 17Hungarian Albums MAHASZ 215 65Irish Albums IRMA 216 2Italian Albums FIMI 217 26New Zealand Albums RMNZ 218 29Swedish Albums Sverigetopplistan 219 18Swiss Albums Schweizer Hitparade 220 3UK Albums OCC 221 Standard edition 1UK Albums OCC 221 Deluxe edition 57US Billboard 200 222 24US Top R amp B Hip Hop Albums Billboard 223 31Worldwide Albums IFPI 224 22008 year end chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2008 PositionAustralian Albums ARIA 225 24Austrian Albums O3 Austria 226 1Belgian Albums Ultratop Flanders 227 4Belgian Albums Ultratop Wallonia 228 8Brazilian Albums ABPD 229 11Croatian Albums HDU 230 4Danish Albums Hitlisten 231 12Dutch Albums Album Top 100 232 1European Albums Billboard 233 Standard edition 1European Albums Billboard 233 Deluxe edition 37Finnish Albums Suomen virallinen lista 234 60French Albums SNEP 235 7German Albums Offizielle Top 100 236 1Greek Albums IFPI 237 25Greek International Albums IFPI 238 4Hungarian Albums MAHASZ 239 35Irish Albums IRMA 240 13Italian Albums FIMI 241 8Mexican Albums Top 100 Mexico 242 85New Zealand Albums RMNZ 243 5Spanish Albums PROMUSICAE 244 3Swedish Albums Sverigetopplistan 245 25Swiss Albums Schweizer Hitparade 246 1UK Albums OCC 247 Standard edition 57UK Albums OCC 247 Deluxe edition 14US Billboard 200 248 43US Top Alternative Albums Billboard 249 8US Top R amp B Hip Hop Albums Billboard 250 42Worldwide Albums IFPI 251 72009 year end chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2009 PositionEuropean Albums Billboard 252 85Spanish Albums PROMUSICAE 253 35UK Albums OCC 254 1462011 year end chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2011 PositionAustralian Albums ARIA 255 77Austrian Albums O3 Austria 256 29Belgian Albums Ultratop Flanders 257 42Belgian Albums Ultratop Wallonia 258 69Brazilian Albums ABPD 259 20Dutch Albums Album Top 100 260 25German Albums Offizielle Top 100 261 35Italian Albums FIMI 262 30Mexican Albums Top 100 Mexico 263 67New Zealand Albums RMNZ 264 26Polish Albums ZPAV 265 19Swiss Albums Schweizer Hitparade 266 41UK Albums OCC 267 32US Billboard 200 268 169US Catalog Albums Billboard 269 13Worldwide Albums IFPI 270 282012 year end chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2012 PositionBelgian Albums Ultratop Flanders 271 86Dutch Albums Album Top 100 272 76Italian Albums FIMI 273 73UK Albums OCC 274 148US Catalog Albums Billboard 275 442015 year end chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2015 PositionItalian Albums FIMI 276 92UK Albums OCC 277 622016 year end chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2016 PositionItalian Albums FIMI 278 96Polish Albums ZPAV 279 32UK Albums OCC 280 46US Catalog Albums Billboard 281 352017 year end chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2017 PositionUK Albums OCC 282 762018 year end chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2018 PositionUK Albums OCC 283 802019 year end chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2019 PositionBelgian Albums Ultratop Flanders 284 40Belgian Albums Ultratop Wallonia 285 123Polish Albums ZPAV 286 70UK Albums OCC 287 96US Top Alternative Albums Billboard 288 492020 year end chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2020 PositionBelgian Albums Ultratop Flanders 289 49Belgian Albums Ultratop Wallonia 290 84Irish Albums IRMA 291 50UK Albums OCC 292 66US Top Alternative Albums Billboard 293 472021 year end chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2021 PositionBelgian Albums Ultratop Flanders 294 37Belgian Albums Ultratop Wallonia 295 89UK Albums OCC 296 54US Top Alternative Albums Billboard 297 332022 year end chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2022 PositionAustralian Albums ARIA 298 99Belgian Albums Ultratop Flanders 299 51Belgian Albums Ultratop Wallonia 300 116Dutch Albums Album Top 100 301 39UK Albums OCC 302 86Decade end charts edit 2000s decade end chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2000 2009 PositionUK Albums OCC 303 32010s decade end chart performance for Back to Black Chart 2010 2019 PositionUK Albums OCC 304 54UK Vinyl Albums OCC 305 2All time charts edit All time chart performance for Back to Black Chart PositionIrish Female Albums IRMA 306 3UK Albums OCC 120 13US Billboard 200 307 150US Billboard 200 Women 308 40Certifications and sales editCertifications for Back to Black Region Certification Certified units salesArgentina CAPIF 309 Gold 20 000 Australia ARIA 310 6 Platinum 420 000 Austria IFPI Austria 311 7 Platinum 210 000 Belgium BEA 312 3 Platinum 150 000 Brazil Pro Musica Brasil 313 Diamond 250 000 Canada Music Canada 314 Platinum 100 000 Denmark IFPI Danmark 315 7 Platinum 140 000 Finland Musiikkituottajat 316 Platinum 33 884 316 France SNEP 318 2 Platinum 1 000 000 317 Germany BVMI 319 6 Platinum 1 200 000 Greece IFPI Greece 130 Platinum 15 000 Hungary MAHASZ 320 Platinum 6 000 Italysales in 2008 100 000 321 Italy FIMI 322 sales since 2009 4 Platinum 200 000 Japan RIAJ 323 Gold 100 000 Netherlands NVPI 324 5 Platinum 350 000 New Zealand RMNZ 325 3 Platinum 45 000 Norway IFPI Norway 326 Platinum 40 000 Poland ZPAV 327 2 Platinum 40 000 Portugal AFP 328 2 Platinum 40 000 Russia NFPF 329 2 Platinum 40 000 Spain PROMUSICAE 330 2 Platinum 160 000 Sweden GLF 331 Platinum 40 000 Switzerland IFPI Switzerland 332 7 Platinum 210 000 Turkey Mu Yap 333 Gold 5 000 United Kingdom BPI 117 14 Platinum 4 200 000 United States RIAA 125 2 Platinum 2 000 000 3 000 000 126 SummariesEurope IFPI 133 8 Platinum 8 000 000 Worldwide 16 000 000 134 Sales figures based on certification alone Shipments figures based on certification alone Sales streaming figures based on certification alone Release history editRelease history for Back to Black Region Date Edition Label Ref Ireland 27 October 2006 Standard Island 334 United Kingdom 30 October 2006 335 Poland 20 November 2006 Universal 336 Germany 21 November 2006 337 Canada 12 December 2006 338 France 28 January 2007 318 Italy 2 February 2007 339 Australia 24 February 2007 340 United States 13 March 2007 Universal Republic 173 Germany 15 June 2007 Limited Universal 175 Netherlands 13 July 2007 180 Japan 5 September 2007 Standard 341 Canada 13 November 2007 Deluxe 342 Australia 17 November 2007 176 Ireland 23 November 2007 Island 343 Germany 30 November 2007 Universal 177 United Kingdom 3 December 2007 Island 344 Japan 6 February 2008 Universal 341 Italy 29 February 2008 345 See also editAmy Winehouse Back to Black List of European number one hits of 2008 List of number one albums of 2007 Poland List of number one albums of 2008 Ireland List of number one albums of 2008 New Zealand List of number one albums of 2008 Spain List of number one albums of 2011 Poland List of number one hits of 2007 France List of number one hits of 2008 Austria List of number one hits of 2008 Germany List of number one hits of 2011 Austria List of number one hits of 2011 Germany List of number one hits of 2011 Italy List of number one hits of 2011 Switzerland List of UK Albums Chart number ones of the 2000s List of UK Albums Chart number ones of the 2010s List of best selling albums by women List of best selling albums in the United KingdomNotes edit Used in all countries except the United States and Japan Tracks 3 4 7 9 and 11 a b Tracks 1 2 5 6 8 and 10 Track 10 Tracks 1 2 5 6 and 8 Stuart Hawkes is only credited in the liner notes of select vinyl pressings of Back to Black 181 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from the original on 24 May 2015 Retrieved 12 March 2015 ARIA Charts End Of Year Charts Top 100 Albums 2007 Australian Recording Industry Association Archived from the original on 28 June 2012 Retrieved 1 August 2011 Jahreshitparade Alben 2007 austriancharts at in German Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 Retrieved 7 February 2016 Jaaroverzichten 2007 Albums in Dutch Ultratop Archived from the original on 8 October 2011 Retrieved 1 August 2011 Rapports annuels 2007 Albums in French Ultratop Archived from the original on 20 May 2011 Retrieved 1 August 2011 Jaaroverzichten Album 2007 in Dutch Dutch Charts Archived from the original on 18 June 2012 Retrieved 1 August 2011 Year End Charts European Top 100 Albums Billboard biz 2007 Archived from the original on 25 February 2009 Retrieved 1 August 2011 The first list is the list of best selling domestic albums of 2007 in Finland and the second is that of the best selling foreign albums Myydyimmat kotimaiset albumit vuonna 2007 in 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