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Nakodaji

April 12, 2024

Nakodaji Tirth is a major Jain tirth (pilgrimage site) in the Indian state of Rajasthan, located between the villages of Vikrampura and Nakoda in Barmer District. The temple houses the icon of Nakoda Bhairava, a popular Shvetambara guardian deity.

Nakodaji
Shree Jain Shwetambar Nakoda Parshwanath Tirth
Religion
AffiliationJainism
SectŚvētāmbara
DeityParshvanath and Bhairava
FestivalsPosh Dashmi and Mahavir Janam Kalyanak
Governing bodyShri Jain Shwetambar Nakoda Parshwanath Tirth Trust
Location
LocationNakoda, Balotra, Rajasthan
Geographic coordinates25°47′17″N 72°09′09″E / 25.78806°N 72.15250°E / 25.78806; 72.15250
Architecture
CreatorSthulabhadra
Date established3rd century
Temple(s)17
Website
www.nakodatirth.org

Main temple edit

The temple is an important pilgrimage center visited by both Jains and Hindus.[1][2][3] Devotees visit the shrine, especially after marriage.[4] The temple is currently administered by Tapa Gaccha (monastic order) of Murtipujaka Svetambara.[5]

History edit

According to Jain legend, the Nakodaji temple was initially built by Jain acharya Sthulabhadra (3rd century BCE).[6] However, the current structure was constructed in 11th century CE by Solanki Dynasty . The temple has 246 inscriptions indicating multiple renovations and additions over the centuries.[4] The temple was invaded by Alam Shah. However, the central icon of Parshavanatha, along with 120 idols, was safely hidden in a nearby village. In 1449 CE, the central image, along with an icon of Bhairava, was later re-installed in the temple by Acharya Kirtisuri.[7][8] The renovation of the temple was commissioned by Kalija.[9] An image of Acharya Kirtisuri was installed opposite the Bhairava image by Hetha Shah.[10]

The first international seminar on the "yogic tradition of India with special reference to Jain yoga" was held at the India International Centre, and sponsored by Nakodaji Tirth and B. L. Institute of Indology.[11]

Architecture edit

 
Shikhara

The temple is famous for its architecture.[12] It is a large structure with a highly decorated façade. The principal shrine is a large domical structure, with 52 domical sub-shrines along its axis.[13][6] The temple is constructed using makrana marble and Jaisalmer's sandstone. The elaborate shikhara of the temple is regarded as a rare example of architectural and sculptural elegance.[4] The temple has two life-sized elephant sculptures with riders on either side of its entrance.[14] The temple also has bhonyra (underground chamber) housing 35 idols.[6]

A goshala (protective shelter for stray cows) is managed by the temple.[15] The temple also has a dharamshala equipped with modern facilities, including a bhojanalaya (restaurant).[6]

Deities edit

The central icon, popularly known as Nakoda Parshvanath, is a 24 in (610 mm) black stone idol of Parshvanatha. According to Jain legend, the image was discovered in Nakoda village when a Jain layman had a dream about its presence. However, the icon was not found at the indicated place—the exact location was pointed out by Bhairava in the following dream.[16] Nakoda Parshvanath is one of the 108 Parshvanatha icons[17][note 1] and is considered one of the most devotionally revered of Parshvanatha. The icons and the images of the deity are installed in the temple and household shrines. According to Jain belief, worshipping replications of the idol is equivalent to worshipping the original icon.[19] A fair is organised here on the birth anniversary of Parshvanatha that draws numerous devotees.[4][6]

The temple is noted for the worship of the tutelary deity Nakoda Bhairava, who is popular among devotees.[20] The Bhairava icon is red in colour, four-armed and has a moustache with a dog as the vahana. He carries in the lower hands a kapala and a damaru and khadga and Trishula in his upper hands.[21] Nakoda Bhairava is an important guardian deity within the Svetambara sect.[22][23][1] Nakoda Bhairava is believed to grant the wishes of devotees that make offering there; performing puja (praying) brings prosperity.[12][5][24] Devotees consider the deity a business partner and offer a share of their profits to him.[2] Nakoda Bhairava is also linked to tantra and is believed to free people from spirit possession.[25][26] The food offering (prasada) is an uncommon practice in Jainism. However, at Nakodaji, prasada is offered to Nakoda Bhairava.[note 2][28] The prasada is required to be consumed inside the temple and should not be taken outside.[29]

There is another sub-shrine near the main shrine housing an idol of Kal Bhairava, Nakoda Bhairava's brother.[30]

Other temples edit

 
Samosaran temple

Besides the main temple, there are two more: Lachi Bai temple (Rishabhdev temple), and Shantinath temple as well as one dādābadī in the village.[6]

Lachi Bai temple was constructed in 1511 CE by Chhalibai, sister of Acharya Jinchandra Suri. The temple is dedicated to Rishabhanatha.[9]

Shantinath Jain temple, constructed in the 19th century, is a large structure with a highly decorated façade. The temple features three Nagara style shikhara adorned by amalaka. The temple facade wall has carvings of Laskhmi and Saraswati within separate niches.[31]

Dādābadī, built outside the main shrine, is a shrine dedicated to the four Dādā Gurus revered by the Kharatara Gaccha. The shrine also houses an idol of Kal Bhairava.[30]

Samosaran temple, built near the main temple, is a depiction of Samavasarana (divine preaching hall of the Tirthankara).[32]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ In Shvetambara tradition, there are 108 prominent icons of Parshvanath; each derives its name from a geographical region.[18]
  2. ^ Prasada is only offered to deities such as Nakoda, and not Tirthankaras. This is because, unlike Tirthankaras, those deities are not liberated.[27]

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b Hiltebeitel 1989, p. 158.
  2. ^ a b Babb 1996, p. 80.
  3. ^ Reddy 2022, p. 304.
  4. ^ a b c d Department of Devasthan.
  5. ^ a b Babb 2013, p. 139.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Mehta 1970, p. 131.
  7. ^ RTDC.
  8. ^ Aukland 2010, p. 109.
  9. ^ a b Lodha 2013, p. 613.
  10. ^ Lodha 2013, p. 610.
  11. ^ Chapple 2015, p. 10.
  12. ^ a b Weisgrau & Henderson 2016, p. 178.
  13. ^ IGNCA, pp. 1–2.
  14. ^ IGNCA, p. 1.
  15. ^ Directorate Gopalan Rajasthan.
  16. ^ Carrithers & Humphrey 1991, p. 207.
  17. ^ Aukland 2010, p. 54.
  18. ^ Cort 2001, p. 234.
  19. ^ Cort 2010, pp. 186.
  20. ^ Cort 2010, p. 187.
  21. ^ Aukland 2010, pp. 77–79.
  22. ^ Wiley 2009, p. 152.
  23. ^ Hegewald 2015, p. 125.
  24. ^ Panikar 2010, p. 413.
  25. ^ White 2018, p. 417.
  26. ^ Aukland 2013, p. 125.
  27. ^ Babb 1996, pp. 95–96.
  28. ^ Kent & Kassam 2013, p. 314.
  29. ^ Babb 1996, p. 95.
  30. ^ a b Aukland 2010, p. 26.
  31. ^ IGNCA & Shantinath temple.
  32. ^ Aukland 2010, p. 45.

Bibliography edit

Book edit

  • Babb, Lawrence A. (1996), Absent Lord: Ascetics and Kings in a Jain Ritual Culture, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91708-8
  • Babb, Lawrence A. (29 April 2013). Emerald City: The Birth and Evolution of an Indian Gemstone Industry. SUNY Press. ISBN 9781438445885.
  • Carrithers, Michael; Humphrey, Caroline (4 April 1991). The Assembly of Listeners: Jains in Society. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521365055.
  • Chapple, Christopher Key (14 October 2015). Yoga in Jainism. Routledge. ISBN 9781317572183.
  • Cort, John E. (2001), Jains in the World: Religious Values and Ideology in India, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-803037-9
  • Cort, John E. (2010), Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-538502-1
  • Hiltebeitel, Alf (1989), Criminal Gods and Demon Devotees: Essays on the Guardians of Popular Hinduism, SUNY Press, ISBN 978-0-88706-982-6
  • Kent, Eliza F.; Kassam, Tazim R. (12 July 2013). Lines in Water: Religious Boundaries in South Asia. Book collections on Project MUSE. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815652250.
  • Lodha, Jain Chanchalmal (2013). History of Oswals. Panchshil Publications. ISBN 9788192373027.
  • Mehta, Jodh Sinha (1970). Abu to Udapiur. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 9788120829848.
  • Panikar, Agustin (2010). Jainism: History, Society, Philosophy and Practice. Lala Sunder Lal Jain research series. Vol. 24. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-3460-6.
  • Reddy, Pedarapu Chenna (2022). Nagabharana: Recent Trends in Jainism Studies. Blue Rose Publishers. ISBN 978-93-56114-46-3.
  • Weisgrau, Maxine; Henderson, Carol (23 March 2016). Raj rhapsodies: tourism, heritage and the seduction of history. New Directions in Tourism Analysis. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-3170-7161-7.
  • White, David Gordon (2018). Princeton University Press. Princeton Readings in Religions. Vol. 7. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05779-8.
  • Wiley, Kristi L. (2009). The A to Z of Jainism. Vol. 38. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6337-8.

Web edit

  • Aukland, Knut (1 January 2013). "Understanding Possession in Jainism: A Study of Oracular Possession in Nakoda". Modern Asian Studies. 47 (1). Cambridge University Press: 109–134. doi:10.1017/S0026749X1200039X. JSTOR 23359781. S2CID 145722331. Retrieved 10 May 2022. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • Aukland, Knut (2010). "The Cult of Nākoḍā Bhairava" (PDF). University of Oslo. Retrieved 10 May 2022. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • Hegewald, Julia A. B. (2015). "THE INTERNATIONAL JAINA STYLE? Māru-Gurjara Temples Under the Solaṅkīs, throughout India and in the Diaspora". Ars Orientalis. 45 (20220203): 114–140. doi:10.3998/ars.13441566.0045.005. JSTOR 26350210.
  • RTDC. "Barmer". Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation.
  • Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts
    • IGNCA. "Nakora Ji Ka Mandir" (PDF). Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts.
    • IGNCA. "Shantinath Jain Mandir" (PDF). Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts.
  • Government of Rajasthan
    • "Mandir Jain Tirth Shri Nakoda Ji". Department of Devasthan, Government of Rajasthan.
    • Directorate Gopalan Rajasthan. "Gaushala Details in Nodal Office". Directorate Gopalan Rajasthan, Government of Rajasthan. Retrieved 3 June 2022.

External links edit

  Media related to Nakodaji at Wikimedia Commons

April 12, 2024
nakodaji, tirth, major, jain, tirth, pilgrimage, site, indian, state, rajasthan, located, between, villages, vikrampura, nakoda, barmer, district, temple, houses, icon, nakoda, bhairava, popular, shvetambara, guardian, deity, shree, jain, shwetambar, nakoda, p. Nakodaji Tirth is a major Jain tirth pilgrimage site in the Indian state of Rajasthan located between the villages of Vikrampura and Nakoda in Barmer District The temple houses the icon of Nakoda Bhairava a popular Shvetambara guardian deity NakodajiShree Jain Shwetambar Nakoda Parshwanath TirthReligionAffiliationJainismSectSvetambaraDeityParshvanath and BhairavaFestivalsPosh Dashmi and Mahavir Janam KalyanakGoverning bodyShri Jain Shwetambar Nakoda Parshwanath Tirth TrustLocationLocationNakoda Balotra RajasthanGeographic coordinates25 47 17 N 72 09 09 E 25 78806 N 72 15250 E 25 78806 72 15250ArchitectureCreatorSthulabhadraDate established3rd centuryTemple s 17Websitewww wbr nakodatirth wbr org Contents 1 Main temple 1 1 History 1 2 Architecture 1 3 Deities 2 Other temples 3 See also 4 Notes 5 Citations 6 Bibliography 6 1 Book 6 2 Web 7 External linksMain temple editThe temple is an important pilgrimage center visited by both Jains and Hindus 1 2 3 Devotees visit the shrine especially after marriage 4 The temple is currently administered by Tapa Gaccha monastic order of Murtipujaka Svetambara 5 History edit According to Jain legend the Nakodaji temple was initially built by Jain acharya Sthulabhadra 3rd century BCE 6 However the current structure was constructed in 11th century CE by Solanki Dynasty The temple has 246 inscriptions indicating multiple renovations and additions over the centuries 4 The temple was invaded by Alam Shah However the central icon of Parshavanatha along with 120 idols was safely hidden in a nearby village In 1449 CE the central image along with an icon of Bhairava was later re installed in the temple by Acharya Kirtisuri 7 8 The renovation of the temple was commissioned by Kalija 9 An image of Acharya Kirtisuri was installed opposite the Bhairava image by Hetha Shah 10 The first international seminar on the yogic tradition of India with special reference to Jain yoga was held at the India International Centre and sponsored by Nakodaji Tirth and B L Institute of Indology 11 Architecture edit nbsp ShikharaThe temple is famous for its architecture 12 It is a large structure with a highly decorated facade The principal shrine is a large domical structure with 52 domical sub shrines along its axis 13 6 The temple is constructed using makrana marble and Jaisalmer s sandstone The elaborate shikhara of the temple is regarded as a rare example of architectural and sculptural elegance 4 The temple has two life sized elephant sculptures with riders on either side of its entrance 14 The temple also has bhonyra underground chamber housing 35 idols 6 A goshala protective shelter for stray cows is managed by the temple 15 The temple also has a dharamshala equipped with modern facilities including a bhojanalaya restaurant 6 Deities edit The central icon popularly known as Nakoda Parshvanath is a 24 in 610 mm black stone idol of Parshvanatha According to Jain legend the image was discovered in Nakoda village when a Jain layman had a dream about its presence However the icon was not found at the indicated place the exact location was pointed out by Bhairava in the following dream 16 Nakoda Parshvanath is one of the 108 Parshvanatha icons 17 note 1 and is considered one of the most devotionally revered of Parshvanatha The icons and the images of the deity are installed in the temple and household shrines According to Jain belief worshipping replications of the idol is equivalent to worshipping the original icon 19 A fair is organised here on the birth anniversary of Parshvanatha that draws numerous devotees 4 6 The temple is noted for the worship of the tutelary deity Nakoda Bhairava who is popular among devotees 20 The Bhairava icon is red in colour four armed and has a moustache with a dog as the vahana He carries in the lower hands a kapala and a damaru and khadga and Trishula in his upper hands 21 Nakoda Bhairava is an important guardian deity within the Svetambara sect 22 23 1 Nakoda Bhairava is believed to grant the wishes of devotees that make offering there performing puja praying brings prosperity 12 5 24 Devotees consider the deity a business partner and offer a share of their profits to him 2 Nakoda Bhairava is also linked to tantra and is believed to free people from spirit possession 25 26 The food offering prasada is an uncommon practice in Jainism However at Nakodaji prasada is offered to Nakoda Bhairava note 2 28 The prasada is required to be consumed inside the temple and should not be taken outside 29 There is another sub shrine near the main shrine housing an idol of Kal Bhairava Nakoda Bhairava s brother 30 Other temples edit nbsp Samosaran templeBesides the main temple there are two more Lachi Bai temple Rishabhdev temple and Shantinath temple as well as one dadabadi in the village 6 Lachi Bai temple was constructed in 1511 CE by Chhalibai sister of Acharya Jinchandra Suri The temple is dedicated to Rishabhanatha 9 Shantinath Jain temple constructed in the 19th century is a large structure with a highly decorated facade The temple features three Nagara style shikhara adorned by amalaka The temple facade wall has carvings of Laskhmi and Saraswati within separate niches 31 Dadabadi built outside the main shrine is a shrine dedicated to the four Dada Gurus revered by the Kharatara Gaccha The shrine also houses an idol of Kal Bhairava 30 Samosaran temple built near the main temple is a depiction of Samavasarana divine preaching hall of the Tirthankara 32 See also editKesariyaji Ranakpur Jain temple Dilwara templesNotes edit In Shvetambara tradition there are 108 prominent icons of Parshvanath each derives its name from a geographical region 18 Prasada is only offered to deities such as Nakoda and not Tirthankaras This is because unlike Tirthankaras those deities are not liberated 27 Citations edit a b Hiltebeitel 1989 p 158 a b Babb 1996 p 80 Reddy 2022 p 304 a b c d Department of Devasthan a b Babb 2013 p 139 a b c d e f Mehta 1970 p 131 RTDC Aukland 2010 p 109 a b Lodha 2013 p 613 Lodha 2013 p 610 Chapple 2015 p 10 a b Weisgrau amp Henderson 2016 p 178 IGNCA pp 1 2 IGNCA p 1 Directorate Gopalan Rajasthan Carrithers amp Humphrey 1991 p 207 Aukland 2010 p 54 Cort 2001 p 234 Cort 2010 pp 186 Cort 2010 p 187 Aukland 2010 pp 77 79 Wiley 2009 p 152 Hegewald 2015 p 125 Panikar 2010 p 413 White 2018 p 417 Aukland 2013 p 125 Babb 1996 pp 95 96 Kent amp Kassam 2013 p 314 Babb 1996 p 95 a b Aukland 2010 p 26 IGNCA amp Shantinath temple Aukland 2010 p 45 Bibliography editBook edit Babb Lawrence A 1996 Absent Lord Ascetics and Kings in a Jain Ritual Culture University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 91708 8 Babb Lawrence A 29 April 2013 Emerald City The Birth and Evolution of an Indian Gemstone Industry SUNY Press ISBN 9781438445885 Carrithers Michael Humphrey Caroline 4 April 1991 The Assembly of Listeners Jains in Society Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521365055 Chapple Christopher Key 14 October 2015 Yoga in Jainism Routledge ISBN 9781317572183 Cort John E 2001 Jains in the World Religious Values and Ideology in India Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 803037 9 Cort John E 2010 Framing the Jina Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 538502 1 Hiltebeitel Alf 1989 Criminal Gods and Demon Devotees Essays on the Guardians of Popular Hinduism SUNY Press ISBN 978 0 88706 982 6 Kent Eliza F Kassam Tazim R 12 July 2013 Lines in Water Religious Boundaries in South Asia Book collections on Project MUSE Syracuse University Press ISBN 9780815652250 Lodha Jain Chanchalmal 2013 History of Oswals Panchshil Publications ISBN 9788192373027 Mehta Jodh Sinha 1970 Abu to Udapiur Motilal Banarsidass ISBN 9788120829848 Panikar Agustin 2010 Jainism History Society Philosophy and Practice Lala Sunder Lal Jain research series Vol 24 Delhi Motilal Banarsidass ISBN 978 81 208 3460 6 Reddy Pedarapu Chenna 2022 Nagabharana Recent Trends in Jainism Studies Blue Rose Publishers ISBN 978 93 56114 46 3 Weisgrau Maxine Henderson Carol 23 March 2016 Raj rhapsodies tourism heritage and the seduction of history New Directions in Tourism Analysis Routledge ISBN 978 1 3170 7161 7 White David Gordon 2018 Princeton University Press Princeton Readings in Religions Vol 7 Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0 691 05779 8 Wiley Kristi L 2009 The A to Z of Jainism Vol 38 Scarecrow Press ISBN 978 0 8108 6337 8 Web edit Aukland Knut 1 January 2013 Understanding Possession in Jainism A Study of Oracular Possession in Nakoda Modern Asian Studies 47 1 Cambridge University Press 109 134 doi 10 1017 S0026749X1200039X JSTOR 23359781 S2CID 145722331 Retrieved 10 May 2022 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Aukland Knut 2010 The Cult of Nakoḍa Bhairava PDF University of Oslo Retrieved 10 May 2022 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Hegewald Julia A B 2015 THE INTERNATIONAL JAINA STYLE Maru Gurjara Temples Under the Solaṅkis throughout India and in the Diaspora Ars Orientalis 45 20220203 114 140 doi 10 3998 ars 13441566 0045 005 JSTOR 26350210 RTDC Barmer Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts IGNCA Nakora Ji Ka Mandir PDF Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts IGNCA Shantinath Jain Mandir PDF Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts Government of Rajasthan Mandir Jain Tirth Shri Nakoda Ji Department of Devasthan Government of Rajasthan Directorate Gopalan Rajasthan Gaushala Details in Nodal Office Directorate Gopalan Rajasthan Government of Rajasthan Retrieved 3 June 2022 External links edit nbsp Media related to Nakodaji at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nakodaji amp oldid 1188137073, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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