Gymnocypris przewalskii (common name: Przewalskii's naked carp; in Chinese: 青海湖裸鲤; lit. 'Qinghai Lake naked carp') is a species of cyprinid that is endemic to the Lake Qinghaibasin in China, where it is the dominant fish species (the other natives are four Triplophysa loaches).[2][3]G. przewalskii is a planktivore with a main population that migrates from the lake to rivers to spawn[4] and another that lives its entire life in the nearby Ganzi River.[3] The species is listed as endangered on the China Species Red List due to overfishing and habitat loss, which has led to suspension of its commercial fishery four times since 1989.[4][5][6]
Named in honor of geographer and explorer Nikolai Przhevalsky (also spelled Przewalski and Prjevalsky, 1839–1888), who collected the type species and in whose book about Mongolia Kessler's description appeared.[7]
Characteristicsedit
A drawing of Gymnocypris przewalskii under the old name Schizopygopsis przewalskii
Naked carp reach a maximum length of 48 cm (1.57 ft) and are typically 300–500 g (0.66–1.10 lb) at reproductive age.[2][5] They feed mostly on benthiczooplankton about 2 m (6.6 ft) below the surface, though they also feed on other aquatic invertebrates.[8] They have long, flat bodies and almost no scales except near the anus and shoulder girdle, which gives them their common name. They grow relatively slowly and may take 7–10 years to reach reproductive size.[4][5]
Migrationedit
The Qinghai Lake has a salinity of about 14 parts per thousand, meaning that the water is brackish.[3] From April to July adults of the lake population migrate 40–50 km (25–31 mi) to nearby freshwater streams to spawn. These include the Harge, Goncha, Chang Ji, and Buha rivers.[9] Much like salmon, they seek sandy gravel banks with slower currents to build nests.[9] When fish return to the lake, their electrolyte levels increase quickly to concentrations similar to Lake Qinghai's salinity, while urine flow, metabolic rate, and oxygen consumption all decrease drastically.[5] This is thought to represent the reduced osmoregulatory and metabolic costs of living in Lake Qinghai which make returning after spawning and reproduction advantageous. Young fish are thought to return to the lake after overwintering in their spawning streams.[9]
The other population spends its entire life in the nearby Ganzi River and is variously recognized as a separate ecotype or subspecies (G. p. ganzihonensis).[3] Although likely connected to Lake Qinghai in historical times, the low water levels have separated them, effectively isolating the naked barb in this river.[3] The two populations differ in shape and number of gill rakers.[3]
Referencesedit
^"Gymnocypris przewalskii — Synonyms Scale-less Carp: Names". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
^ abFroese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2014). "Gymnocypris przewalskii" in FishBase. November 2014 version.
^ abcXiong, Fei; Daqing Chen; Xinbin Duan (2010). "Threatened fishes of the world: Gymnocypris przewalskii (Kessler, 1876) (Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae)". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 87 (4): 351–352. doi:10.1007/s10641-010-9609-x. S2CID 34978374.
^ abcdWood, Chris M.; Jizeng Du; Joe Rogers; Colin J. Brauner; Jeffery W. Richards; Brent W. Murray; X.-Q. Chen; Yuxiang Wang (2007). "Przewalksii's naked carp (Gymnocypris przewalksii): An endangered species taking a metabolic holiday in Lake Qinghai, China". Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 80 (1): 59–77. doi:10.1086/509212. PMID 17160880. S2CID 10372870.
^S. Wang, Y. Xie, ed. (2004). China Species Red List, vol 1. Beijing: Higher Education Press. p. 163.
^Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (22 September 2018). "Order CYPRINIFORMES: Family CYPRINIDAE: Subfamilies ACROSSOCHEILINAE, BARBINAE, SPINIBARBINAE, SCHIZOTHORACINAE, SCHIZOPYGOPSINAE and Incertae sedis". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
^Chen, D.; Zhang, X.; Tan, X.; Wang, K.; Qiao, Y.; Chang, Y. (2009). "Hydroacoustic study of spatial and temporal distribution of Gymnocypris przewalskii (Kessler, 1876) in Qinghai Lake, China". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 84 (2): 231–239. doi:10.1007/s10641-008-9430-y. S2CID 30886346.
^ abcMuir, James F. (1990). "Hatchery Development and Spawning Enhancement, Qinghai Lake". Fisheries Development in Qinghai Province. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
April 11, 2024
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Gymnocypris przewalskii common name Przewalskii s naked carp in Chinese 青海湖裸鲤 lit Qinghai Lake naked carp is a species of cyprinid that is endemic to the Lake Qinghai basin in China where it is the dominant fish species the other natives are four Triplophysa loaches 2 3 G przewalskii is a planktivore with a main population that migrates from the lake to rivers to spawn 4 and another that lives its entire life in the nearby Ganzi River 3 The species is listed as endangered on the China Species Red List due to overfishing and habitat loss which has led to suspension of its commercial fishery four times since 1989 4 5 6 Gymnocypris przewalskiiScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiOrder CypriniformesFamily CyprinidaeSubfamily CyprininaeGenus GymnocyprisSpecies G przewalskiiBinomial nameGymnocypris przewalskii Kessler 1876 SynonymsSchizopygopsis przewalskii Kessler 1876 1 Named in honor of geographer and explorer Nikolai Przhevalsky also spelled Przewalski and Prjevalsky 1839 1888 who collected the type species and in whose book about Mongolia Kessler s description appeared 7 Characteristics edit nbsp A drawing of Gymnocypris przewalskii under the old name Schizopygopsis przewalskiiNaked carp reach a maximum length of 48 cm 1 57 ft and are typically 300 500 g 0 66 1 10 lb at reproductive age 2 5 They feed mostly on benthic zooplankton about 2 m 6 6 ft below the surface though they also feed on other aquatic invertebrates 8 They have long flat bodies and almost no scales except near the anus and shoulder girdle which gives them their common name They grow relatively slowly and may take 7 10 years to reach reproductive size 4 5 Migration editThe Qinghai Lake has a salinity of about 14 parts per thousand meaning that the water is brackish 3 From April to July adults of the lake population migrate 40 50 km 25 31 mi to nearby freshwater streams to spawn These include the Harge Goncha Chang Ji and Buha rivers 9 Much like salmon they seek sandy gravel banks with slower currents to build nests 9 When fish return to the lake their electrolyte levels increase quickly to concentrations similar to Lake Qinghai s salinity while urine flow metabolic rate and oxygen consumption all decrease drastically 5 This is thought to represent the reduced osmoregulatory and metabolic costs of living in Lake Qinghai which make returning after spawning and reproduction advantageous Young fish are thought to return to the lake after overwintering in their spawning streams 9 The other population spends its entire life in the nearby Ganzi River and is variously recognized as a separate ecotype or subspecies G p ganzihonensis 3 Although likely connected to Lake Qinghai in historical times the low water levels have separated them effectively isolating the naked barb in this river 3 The two populations differ in shape and number of gill rakers 3 References edit Gymnocypris przewalskii Synonyms Scale less Carp Names Encyclopedia of Life Retrieved 7 June 2015 a b Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2014 Gymnocypris przewalskii in FishBase November 2014 version a b c d e f Zhang Ludwig Zhang Tong Li Tang Peng amp Zhao 2015 Gymnocypris przewalskii Cyprinidae on the Tibetan Plateau Scientific Reports 5 Article 9780 a b c Xiong Fei Daqing Chen Xinbin Duan 2010 Threatened fishes of the world Gymnocypris przewalskii Kessler 1876 Cyprinidae Schizothoracinae Environmental Biology of Fishes 87 4 351 352 doi 10 1007 s10641 010 9609 x S2CID 34978374 a b c d Wood Chris M Jizeng Du Joe Rogers Colin J Brauner Jeffery W Richards Brent W Murray X Q Chen Yuxiang Wang 2007 Przewalksii s naked carp Gymnocypris przewalksii An endangered species taking a metabolic holiday in Lake Qinghai China Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 80 1 59 77 doi 10 1086 509212 PMID 17160880 S2CID 10372870 S Wang Y Xie ed 2004 China Species Red List vol 1 Beijing Higher Education Press p 163 Christopher Scharpf amp Kenneth J Lazara 22 September 2018 Order CYPRINIFORMES Family CYPRINIDAE Subfamilies ACROSSOCHEILINAE BARBINAE SPINIBARBINAE SCHIZOTHORACINAE SCHIZOPYGOPSINAE and Incertae sedis The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J Lazara Retrieved 10 March 2021 Chen D Zhang X Tan X Wang K Qiao Y Chang Y 2009 Hydroacoustic study of spatial and temporal distribution of Gymnocypris przewalskii Kessler 1876 in Qinghai Lake China Environmental Biology of Fishes 84 2 231 239 doi 10 1007 s10641 008 9430 y S2CID 30886346 a b c Muir James F 1990 Hatchery Development and Spawning Enhancement Qinghai Lake Fisheries Development in Qinghai Province Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Retrieved 18 November 2012 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gymnocypris przewalskii amp oldid 1183378689, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
