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NJ9842

January 01, 1970

NJ9842, also called NJ 980420 (in full: NJ 38 98000, 13 42000, yard based Indian Grid Coordinates),[a] is the northernmost demarcated point of the India-Pakistan cease fire line in Kashmir known as the Line of Control (LoC).[2] The India–Pakistan AGPL (Actual Ground Position Line), begins from the NJ9842 on LoC and ends near the Indira Ridge at the trijunction of areas controlled by China, India, and Pakistan.[3][4]

300km
200miles
NJ9842
NJ9842

Delineation edit

As part of the Simla Agreement signed on 2 July 1972, prime ministers Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto agreed that "the line of control resulting from the ceasefire of December 17, 1971, shall be respected by both sides without prejudice to the recognised position of either side".[5][6][7]

In November–December 1972, the military delegations of the two sides met in Suchetgarh to delineate the Line of Control. After delineation, signed maps were exchanged by the two sides and submitted to the respective governments for ratification.[8] Scholar Brian Cloughley remarked that the delineation represented remarkable territorial precision. However, it terminated at the grid reference NJ9842, leaving undelimited roughly 60 to 75 km to the border with China.[9]

Location edit

 
1954 US Army map of the area; The grid 38 90000, 13 40000 is the fifth square in the bottom row.

The point NJ9842 is on the Saltoro Mountain Range, at the top of the Chalunka Lungpa valley that runs north from the village of Chalunka. The immediate south of the point is occupied by the Korisa Glacier, the source of the Chalunka Lungpa stream which flows into the Shyok River. To the southeast of NJ9842 is the Urdolep or Waris Glacier, which forms the source of the Waris Lungpa stream.

To the north of the point are the Chulung Glacier, which is the source of the Dansam River (one of the feeder rivers of the Saltoro River), and the Gyong Glacier, which generates a tributary stream called Gyong, all in Pakistan-administered Kashmir.

The prevailing line of control, called the Actual Ground Position Line, runs northeast from NJ9842 for about 10 km, approximately along the water-parting line of the two sets of glaciers. Afterwards, it runs north roughly along the watershed line of the Saltoro ridge, which divides the waters of the tributaries of the Shyok River that flow into Pakistan-administered Kashmir from those that flow into the Nubra river and tributaries in Indian-administered Kashmir.

Even though several authors identify the point Khor of the 1949 cease-fire line with NJ9842,[10] the two points are quite different. Khor is further south, in the grid 39 00000, 13 20000 of Indian grid coordinates, closer to the Shyok River valley. The move up from Khor to NJ9842 in 1972 represented in part the territory gained by India in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.[b]

AGPL edit

AGPL runs along the Saltoro Mountains Range from Point NJ9842 on the India-Pakistan LoC to near La Yongma Ri, Gyong La, Gyong Kangri, Chumik Kangri, Bilafond La (pass) and nearby Bana Post, Saltoro Kangri, Ghent Kangri, and Sia La to the India–Pakistan–China trijunction northwest of Indira Col West on the Sino-Indian LAC.[11][12] The peaks and passes under Pakistan's control such as Gayari Camp, Chogolisa, Baltoro Glacier, Conway Saddle,[12] Baltoro Muztagh, and Gasherbrum lie west of the AGPL.[13][12]

See also edit

Near the AGPL (Actual Ground Position Line)
Borders
Conflicts
Operations
Books
  • Beyond NJ 9842: The Siachen Saga
  • Meghdoot : The Beginning of the Coldest War
Other related topics

Notes edit

  1. ^ NJ refers to the Survey of India sheet that covers the region. The first two digits "38" and "13" are inferred from the sheet, and the remaining digits delineate the precise location.[1]
  2. ^ The villages of Chalunka, Turtuk, Tyakshi and Dhothang in the Chorbat Valley.

References edit

  1. ^ Deep Pradhan, Indian Grid System, retrieved 21 October 2021.
  2. ^ Hussain, Javed (April 22, 2012). "The fight for Siachen". The Express Tribune.
  3. ^ Kapadia, Harish (1999). Across Peaks & Passes in Ladakh, Zanskar & East Karakoram. New Delhi, India: Indus Publishing Company. pp. 94, 185–87. ISBN 81-7387-100-0.
  4. ^ "Pakistan: Signing with the Red Chinese". Time (magazine). 15 March 1963. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  5. ^ "Simla Agreement". Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India.
  6. ^ . Embassy of India, Washington, DC. Archived from the original on 2009-11-11. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
  7. ^ Krishna Rao, K. V. (1991), Prepare or Perish: A Study of National Security, Lancer Publishers, p. 472, ISBN 978-81-7212-001-6
  8. ^ Asian Recorder (1990), "Annexure VII: Asian Recorder, 1–7, Jan. 1973 (SUMMARY: Delineation Maps Exchanged with Pakistan)", in Jasjit Singh (ed.), India and Pakistan: Crisis of Relationship, Lancer Publishers, pp. 185–189, ISBN 978-81-7062-118-8
  9. ^ Cloughley, Brian (2016), A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections, Carrel Books, Chapter 10, ISBN 978-1-63144-039-7
  10. ^ See, for example, Wirsing, Robert G. (1998), "War or Peace on the Line of Control?", in Clive Schofield (ed.), Boundary and Territory Briefing, Volume 2, Number 5, pp. 9–10, ISBN 1-897643-31-4
  11. ^ . Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 2003. Archived from the original on 2012-06-14. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
  12. ^ a b c R Baghela and M Nüsserab, 2015, Securing the heights: The vertical dimension of the Siachen conflict between India and Pakistan in the Eastern Karakoram, Political Geography (journal), Volume 48, Pages 24–36.
  13. ^ . Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 2003. Archived from the original on 2012-06-14. Retrieved 2011-01-27.

Further reading edit

  • Bhattacharji, Romesh (2012), "Nubra and Shyok: Peaks and Politics of LOC, LAC and NJ9842", Ladakh: Changing, Yet Unchanged, New Delhi: Rupa Publications – via Academia.edu

External links edit

    35°00′30″N 77°00′32″E / 35.008371°N 77.008805°E / 35.008371; 77.008805

    January 01, 1970
    nj9842, also, called, 980420, full, 98000, 42000, yard, based, indian, grid, coordinates, northernmost, demarcated, point, india, pakistan, cease, fire, line, kashmir, known, line, control, india, pakistan, agpl, actual, ground, position, line, begins, from, e. NJ9842 also called NJ 980420 in full NJ 38 98000 13 42000 yard based Indian Grid Coordinates a is the northernmost demarcated point of the India Pakistan cease fire line in Kashmir known as the Line of Control LoC 2 The India Pakistan AGPL Actual Ground Position Line begins from the NJ9842 on LoC and ends near the Indira Ridge at the trijunction of areas controlled by China India and Pakistan 3 4 300km200milesNJ9842 NJ9842 Contents 1 Delineation 2 Location 2 1 AGPL 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksDelineation editAs part of the Simla Agreement signed on 2 July 1972 prime ministers Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto agreed that the line of control resulting from the ceasefire of December 17 1971 shall be respected by both sides without prejudice to the recognised position of either side 5 6 7 In November December 1972 the military delegations of the two sides met in Suchetgarh to delineate the Line of Control After delineation signed maps were exchanged by the two sides and submitted to the respective governments for ratification 8 Scholar Brian Cloughley remarked that the delineation represented remarkable territorial precision However it terminated at the grid reference NJ9842 leaving undelimited roughly 60 to 75 km to the border with China 9 Location edit nbsp 1954 US Army map of the area The grid 38 90000 13 40000 is the fifth square in the bottom row The point NJ9842 is on the Saltoro Mountain Range at the top of the Chalunka Lungpa valley that runs north from the village of Chalunka The immediate south of the point is occupied by the Korisa Glacier the source of the Chalunka Lungpa stream which flows into the Shyok River To the southeast of NJ9842 is the Urdolep or Waris Glacier which forms the source of the Waris Lungpa stream To the north of the point are the Chulung Glacier which is the source of the Dansam River one of the feeder rivers of the Saltoro River and the Gyong Glacier which generates a tributary stream called Gyong all in Pakistan administered Kashmir The prevailing line of control called the Actual Ground Position Line runs northeast from NJ9842 for about 10 km approximately along the water parting line of the two sets of glaciers Afterwards it runs north roughly along the watershed line of the Saltoro ridge which divides the waters of the tributaries of the Shyok River that flow into Pakistan administered Kashmir from those that flow into the Nubra river and tributaries in Indian administered Kashmir Even though several authors identify the point Khor of the 1949 cease fire line with NJ9842 10 the two points are quite different Khor is further south in the grid 39 00000 13 20000 of Indian grid coordinates closer to the Shyok River valley The move up from Khor to NJ9842 in 1972 represented in part the territory gained by India in the Indo Pakistani War of 1971 b AGPL edit AGPL runs along the Saltoro Mountains Range from Point NJ9842 on the India Pakistan LoC to near La Yongma Ri Gyong La Gyong Kangri Chumik Kangri Bilafond La pass and nearby Bana Post Saltoro Kangri Ghent Kangri and Sia La to the India Pakistan China trijunction northwest of Indira Col West on the Sino Indian LAC 11 12 The peaks and passes under Pakistan s control such as Gayari Camp Chogolisa Baltoro Glacier Conway Saddle 12 Baltoro Muztagh and Gasherbrum lie west of the AGPL 13 12 See also editNear the AGPL Actual Ground Position Line NJ9842 peak LoC ends and AGPL begins here Gharkun peak Gyong Kangri peak Gyong La pass Goma Siachen Gyari valley Chumik Kangri peak K12 mountain peak Bana Top peak Bilafond La Saltoro Valley Ghent Kangri Sia La Sia Kangri Indira Col Borders Actual Ground Position Line AGPL India Pakistan International Border IIB Line of Control LoC Line of Actual Control LAC Sir Creek SC Borders of China Borders of India Borders of Pakistan Conflicts Kashmir conflict Siachen conflict Sino Indian conflict List of disputed territories of China List of disputed territories of India List of disputed territories of Pakistan Northern Areas Trans Karakoram Tract Operations Operation Meghdoot by India Operation Rajiv by India Operation Ababeel by Pakistan Books Beyond NJ 9842 The Siachen Saga Meghdoot The Beginning of the Coldest War Other related topics Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces Bana Singh after whom Quaid Post was renamed to Bana Top Sino Pakistan Agreement for transfer of Trans Karakoram Tract to ChinaNotes edit NJ refers to the Survey of India sheet that covers the region The first two digits 38 and 13 are inferred from the sheet and the remaining digits delineate the precise location 1 The villages of Chalunka Turtuk Tyakshi and Dhothang in the Chorbat Valley References edit Deep Pradhan Indian Grid System retrieved 21 October 2021 Hussain Javed April 22 2012 The fight for Siachen The Express Tribune Kapadia Harish 1999 Across Peaks amp Passes in Ladakh Zanskar amp East Karakoram New Delhi India Indus Publishing Company pp 94 185 87 ISBN 81 7387 100 0 Pakistan Signing with the Red Chinese Time magazine 15 March 1963 Retrieved 11 January 2020 Simla Agreement Ministry of External Affairs Government of India Simla Agreement between India and Pakistan Embassy of India Washington DC Archived from the original on 2009 11 11 Retrieved 2009 11 14 Krishna Rao K V 1991 Prepare or Perish A Study of National Security Lancer Publishers p 472 ISBN 978 81 7212 001 6 Asian Recorder 1990 Annexure VII Asian Recorder 1 7 Jan 1973 SUMMARY Delineation Maps Exchanged with Pakistan in Jasjit Singh ed India and Pakistan Crisis of Relationship Lancer Publishers pp 185 189 ISBN 978 81 7062 118 8 Cloughley Brian 2016 A History of the Pakistan Army Wars and Insurrections Carrel Books Chapter 10 ISBN 978 1 63144 039 7 See for example Wirsing Robert G 1998 War or Peace on the Line of Control in Clive Schofield ed Boundary and Territory Briefing Volume 2 Number 5 pp 9 10 ISBN 1 897643 31 4 Manning the Siachen Glacier Bharat Rakshak Monitor 2003 Archived from the original on 2012 06 14 Retrieved 2011 01 27 a b c R Baghela and M Nusserab 2015 Securing the heights The vertical dimension of the Siachen conflict between India and Pakistan in the Eastern Karakoram Political Geography journal Volume 48 Pages 24 36 Manning the Siachen Glacier Bharat Rakshak Monitor 2003 Archived from the original on 2012 06 14 Retrieved 2011 01 27 Further reading editBhattacharji Romesh 2012 Nubra and Shyok Peaks and Politics of LOC LAC and NJ9842 Ladakh Changing Yet Unchanged New Delhi Rupa Publications via Academia eduExternal links editSimla Agreement 35 00 30 N 77 00 32 E 35 008371 N 77 008805 E 35 008371 77 008805 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title NJ9842 amp oldid 1157215466, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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