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Hertford

August 21, 2023

Not to be confused with Hartford or Hereford.
For other uses, see Hertford (disambiguation).

Hertford (/ˈhɑːrtfərd/ HART-fərd) is the county town of Hertfordshire, England, and is also a civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of the county. The parish had a population of 26,783 at the 2011 census.[1][a]

Hertford
Parliament Square, Hertford Town Centre
Hertford
Location within Hertfordshire
Population26,783  (2011 Census, parish)[1]
OS grid referenceTL325125
• London19.2 mi (30.9 km) S
Civil parish
  • Hertford
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townHERTFORD
Postcode districtSG13, SG14
Dialling code01992
PoliceHertfordshire
FireHertfordshire
AmbulanceEast of England
UK Parliament
Websitewww.hertford.gov.uk
List of places
UK
England
Hertfordshire
51°47′48″N 0°04′38″W / 51.79662°N 0.07735°W / 51.79662; -0.07735

The town grew around a ford on the River Lea, near its confluences with the rivers Mimram, Beane, and Rib. The Lea is navigable from the Thames up to Hertford. Fortified settlements were established on each side of the ford at Hertford in 913 AD. The county of Hertfordshire was established at a similar time, being named after and administered from Hertford. Hertford Castle was built shortly after the Norman Conquest in 1066 and remained a royal residence until the early seventeenth century.

Hertfordshire County Council and East Hertfordshire District Council both have their main offices in the town and are major local employers, as is McMullen's Brewery, which has been based in the town since 1827. The town is also popular with commuters, being only 20 miles (32 km) north of central London and connected to it by two railway lines.

Toponymy

The earliest reference to the town appears in the Ecclesiastical History of the English People, written by Bede in 731 AD, which refers to Herutford. Herut is the Old English spelling of hart, meaning a fully mature stag; thus the meaning of the name is a ford where harts are found.[3] The Domesday Book of 1086 gives a spelling of Hertforde.[4]

History

 
Hertford Castle

One possible earlier mention of the town was in 672 AD: the first synod of a number of the bishops in England was held either in Hertford or at Hartford, Cambridgeshire.[5] The synod was called by Theodore of Tarsus; decisions included the calculation of the date of Easter.[6]

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 913 AD, Edward the Elder ordered the construction of two burhs (earthwork fortifications) either side of the ford over the River Lea at Hertford as part of his campaign against the Danes.[7][b]

By the time of the Domesday Book, Hertford had two churches, two markets and three mills. The Normans began work on Hertford Castle, and Hertford Priory was founded by Ralph de Limesy.[19] King Henry II rebuilt the castle in stone, but in 1216, during the First Barons' War, it was besieged and captured after 25 days by Prince Louis of France.[20] The castle was regularly visited by English royalty and in 1358, Queen Isabella, wife of Edward II, died there. The priory was dissolved in 1536 and subsequently demolished[19] and in 1563, the Parliament of England met at the castle because of an outbreak of plague in London. Hertford grew and prospered as a market and county town; communication was improved by the construction of the Lea Navigation Canal in 1767 and the arrival of the railway in 1843.[21] The Port Hill drill hall was completed in 1898 and Yeomanry House was brought into military use in 1910.[22]

Governance

Hertford has three tiers of local government at parish (town), district, and county level: Hertford Town Council, East Hertfordshire District Council, and Hertfordshire County Council, all three of which are based in the town.

Hertford
Ancient borough (c. 913–1835)
Municipal borough (1836–1974)
 
Coat of arms
Population
 • 19019,322
 • 197119,540[23]
History
 • Createdc. 913 (Ancient borough)
1 January 1836 (Municipal borough)
 • Abolished31 March 1974
 • Succeeded byEast Hertfordshire
 • HQHertford
Contained within
 • County CouncilHertfordshire

Hertford has been the county town of Hertfordshire since the county was founded in Saxon times. The town also gave its name to the hundred of Hertford.[24] The town was initially governed by the king's reeves. By the thirteenth century, the reeves had been replaced by a bailiff, elected by the burgesses. Charters of 1554 and 1589 established a common council of eleven chief burgesses and a bailiff. Another charter of 1605 changed the bailiff's title to mayor. Under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, Hertford became a Municipal borough; the ratepayers elected twelve councillors, who chose four aldermen, with the aldermen and councillors together composing the council (also known as the corporation), which elected the mayor.[12]

The Hertford poor law union was established in 1835, covering the town and surrounding rural parishes.[25]

Hertford Corporation used part of the Shire Hall as a Town Hall until 1911, when it moved into the surviving gatehouse of Hertford Castle.[26][27]

Under the Local Government Act 1972, Hertford Municipal Borough was abolished, merging with other districts to become part of the district of East Hertfordshire with effect from 1 April 1974. A successor parish was created covering the former borough of Hertford, with its parish council taking the name Hertford Town Council.[28] The town council is based at the former offices of the borough corporation at Hertford Castle.[29]

The headquarters of Hertfordshire County Council is at County Hall, built in 1939 to replace the Shire Hall. East Hertfordshire District Council's offices almost adjoin County Hall, being at Wallfields, which prior to 1974 had been the offices of Hertford Rural District Council.

Arms

From at least 1634, Hertford Corporation used an escutcheon (shield) depicting a hart above water to indicate a ford. The borough council was granted the right to complement its arms with a badge in 1925, and supporters were added in 1937. The coat of arms is now used by Hertford Town Council.[30]

Coat of arms of Hertford Town Council[31]
Escutcheon
Argent on water barry wavy a hart lodged Proper (recorded at the 1634 visitation).
Supporters
On either side a lion Ermine gorged with a collar pendent therefrom by a chain Gules an escutcheon Or charged with three chevrons also Gules (granted 20th October 1937).
Motto
Pride In Our Past Faith In Our Future
Badge
Within a chaplet of roses Gules a hart's head caboshed Proper between the attires an escutcheon Or charged with three chevronels Gules (granted 23rd September 1925).

Geography

Hertford is at the confluence of four river valleys: the Rib, Beane and Mimram join the River Lea at Hertford to flow east and then south toward the Thames as the Lee Navigation, after Hertford Castle Weir. The shared valley of the Lea and the Beane is called Hartham Common and this provides a large park to one side of the town centre running towards Ware and lying below the ridge upon which Bengeo is situated.

The town centre still has its medieval layout with many timber-framed buildings hidden under later frontages, particularly in St Andrew Street. Hertford suffers from traffic problems despite the existence of the 1960s A414 bypass called Gascoyne Way which passes close to the town centre. Plans have long existed to connect the A10 with the A414, by-passing the town completely. Nevertheless, the town retains very much a country-town feel, despite lying only 19.2 miles (30.9 km) north of Central London. This is aided by its proximity to larger towns such as Harlow, Bishop's Stortford and Stevenage where modern development has been focused.

 
Hartham Common

Economy

 
Hertfordshire County Hall in Hertford

A fair amount of employment in the town is centred on County Hall (Hertfordshire County Council), Wallfields (East Hertfordshire District Council) and McMullens Brewery, one of a dwindling number of independent pre-1970 family brewers in the United Kingdom. Many residents commute to work in London.

Hertford differs from neighbouring towns as it lacks a modern shopping development (mall). However, it has most of the usual supermarkets. A Tesco store occupies part of the former Christ's Hospital Bluecoat Girls School, which closed down in 1985. Sainsbury's opened a new store on part of the McMullens Brewery site in June 2012.[32] A Waitrose occupied a reasonably large store in the Bircherley Green Shopping area that closed on 12 September 2017. The local branch of Woolworths closed for good on 27 December 2008, after the collapse of that store chain. There are fewer of the usual chain shops found in most high streets and this makes Hertford stand out from other "clone towns". There are a high number of independent shops in the town, with a variety of boutiques and salons.

Sport and leisure

Hertford has a leisure centre and swimming pool, skatepark, bowling green and tennis courts on Hartham Common.

Football

There is a Non-League football club Hertford Town F.C., which plays at Hertingfordbury Park. Hertford Town Youth FC, a FA Charter Standard Football Club, play at County Hall Playing Fields, situated next to the headquarters of Hertfordshire County Council at County Hall in Hertford.[33] Other clubs surrounding the town include Bury Rangers, Hertford Heath Youth FC and Bengeo Tigers Football Club (an award-winning[34] FA Charter Standard Community Football Club.[35])

Cricket

Hertford Cricket Club is an English amateur cricket club, located in Hertford, the county town of Hertfordshire. Cricket records for a Hertford club go back a far as 1825, however the club in its present form has been in existence since 1860. The club plays its matches at Balls park, Hertford. Currently the club runs five teams and all the teams play in the local league.

People

 
The statue of Samuel Stone

Landmarks

 
Church of Saint Leonard, Bengeo
  • In the town are the remains of the original Hertford Castle, principally a motte. The castle's gatehouse, the central part of which dates to a rebuild by Edward IV in 1463, is the home to Hertford Town Council. The Motte, from the original Motte and Bailey castle in Hertford, can be found just behind Castle Hall, a short distance from the modern castle.
  • There are several churches in the town, All Saints', and St Andrew's, are late and mid 19th century respectively, although both stand on the sites of medieval places of worship.[38] In the northern suburb of Bengeo lies St Leonard's, a two-celled Norman church of considerable architectural interest.
  • In Railway Street can be found the oldest purpose-built Quaker Meeting House in the world, in use since 1670.
 
Hertford Quaker Meeting House
  • The Parliament of England temporarily moved to Hertford during a plague outbreak in London in 1563.[39] This is why the main square in the town, Parliament Square, is so named, although it is a twentieth-century creation.
  • The home of Alfred Russel Wallace (see above), now named Wallace House, can be found at 11 St. Andrew St. and is marked with a plaque.[40]
  • Built in 1779, the Shire Hall was designed by Robert Adam.[41] The ground floor houses Court Rooms.
  • The Corn Exchange was built on the site of a former gaol. After years in the doldrums it has now reverted to being a live entertainment venue.[42]
 
The Prince Albert Cottage

Transport

Rail

 
Hertford East railway station

Two railway stations serve Hertford - Hertford East and Hertford North. Transport for London Oyster cards are valid for payment and travel at both stations.[46]

Hertford East

Main article: Hertford East railway station

Hertford East is the north-western terminus of the Hertford East Branch Line. Greater Anglia manages the station and operates trains between Hertford East and London Liverpool Street in the City of London.

The Hertford East Branch Line along with the West Anglia Main Line provide the town with direct connections to Ware, Broxbourne, Cheshunt, Waltham Cross, Tottenham Hale and Hackney Downs. At Broxbourne - the south-eastern terminus of the branch line - the West Anglia Main Line runs northbound towards Bishop's Stortford, Audley End and Cambridge.[47][48]

Hertford North

Main article: Hertford North railway station

Hertford North is on the Hertford Loop Line, a branch of the East Coast Main Line.

Great Northern operates trains northbound towards Watton-at-Stone and Stevenage. Southbound, Great Northern trains run towards London Moorgate in the City through Enfield Chase, Alexandra Palace, Finsbury Park and Highbury and Islington. Some timetabled services run southbound into London King's Cross instead of Moorgate.

 
A Class 717 operated by Great Northern on the Northaw Viaduct, between Hertford North and London Moorgate

North of Stevenage, trains run towards Hitchin, Peterborough, the North and Scotland, and towards Letchworth, Royston and Cambridge. South of Finsbury Park, services run towards King's Cross, London St Pancras, Farringdon, Gatwick Airport and Brighton.[49][48]

Road

See also: A10 road (England), A414 road, and A119 road (England)

The A10 runs north-south through the east of Hertford. Kingsmead Viaduct carries the A10 across the River Lea between Hertford and Ware. Southbound, the route runs towards the M25 London Orbital motorway and the City of London, through Cheshunt, Enfield and Tottenham. Northbound, the route runs towards King's Lynn in Norfolk via Buntingford, Royston, Cambridge and Ely.[50]

The A414 runs east-west through Hertford, along Hertingfordbury Road, Gascoyne Way and London Road. The primary route runs eastbound towards the A10, Harlow, the M11 motorway, Chelmsford and Maldon. Westbound, the route carries traffic towards Hatfield, the A1(M) motorway, St Albans and Hemel Hempstead.

The A119 runs eastbound from Hertford into Ware. The route runs northbound from Hertford towards Watton-at-Stone and the A602 for Stevenage.

Bus and coach

Hertford Bus Station lies to the east of Bircherley Street in Hertford town centre.

Long-distance routes through Hertford include:

 
A 724-branded bus operated by Arriva Shires & Essex

Hertfordshire County Council manages the Intalink enhanced partnership which choreographs the local bus network.[53] Bus routes in Hertford include:

Cycling

National Cycle Route 61 runs east-west through Hertford. Between Welwyn Garden City and Ware, through Hertford, the route is also known as Cole Green Way. The route's western terminus is near Taplow in Berkshire, near Slough and Maidenhead. To the east, NCR61 meets NCR1 near Hoddesdon.[54][55][56]

Hertford is the northern terminus of the Lee Navigation and the associated towpath, which carries NCR61 for part of its route. The towpath's southern terminus is in Limehouse, East London. The cycle route passes through Ware, Hoddesdon, Broxbourne, Enfield Lock, Tottenham, Leyton and Hackney Wick.[57][58]

River

Hertford is the northern terminus of the navigable River Lea, which is managed by the Canal and River Trust. Southbound, the river runs towards Bromley-by-Bow in East London, through Ware, Hoddesdon, Broxbourne, Enfield Lock, Tottenham, Leyton and Hackney Wick. The river meets the navigable River Stort at Hoddesdon, which runs northbound through Harlow, Sawbridgeworth and Bishop's Stortford.[57][58]

The Hertford Union Canal and the Limehouse Cut connect the Lee Navigation with the Regent's Canal in London.[57][58]

Lee and Stort Boat Company runs a waterbus at various points throughout the year, with a route between Hertford and Ware.[59]

Education

Schools in Hertford include the Sele School, Richard Hale School and Simon Balle All-through School at secondary level, with primaries of Hollybush JMI, Millmead Community School,[60] Bengeo Primary School,[61] Morgans Primary School & Nursery,[62] Abel Smith School (named after banker and MP Abel Smith (1788–1859)),[63] St Andrew's School, St. Josephs RC School[64] and Wheatcroft School.

Private schools include St. Joseph's in the Park[65] in Hertingfordbury, Duncombe School,[66] (a preparatory school in Bengeo) and Haileybury College in Hertford Heath.

Pinewood and Middleton Schools are special needs schools that are available in neighbouring Ware.

Former schools include The Pines JMI school which was built on the Pinehurst estate in 1977 and closed in 2003.

Media

The town receives their local news and television programmes from the Crystal Palace TV transmitter and the local rely transmitter.[67] Local radio stations are BBC Three Counties Radio on 90.4 FM and Heart Hertfordshire on 106.9 FM. Hertford's local newspaper is the Hertfordshire Mercury.

Entertainment

Hertford Theatre, previously known as Castle Hall, is a modern theatre, cinema and art gallery complex at The Wash in the town centre.[68] The Hertford Corn Exchange is a building where entertainment such as comedy and art exhibitions take place. Hertford has many food, drink and entertainment establishments which have grown in number considerably since the eighties and nineties. It attracts people from nearby towns, and often the North London suburbs. There are approximately 25 pubs and clubs in the area,[69] and around 35 restaurants, takeaways and snack bars.[70] Hertford also benefits from public swimming pool and gym facilities and a small skatepark, all situated on Hartham Common.

Town twinning

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom

Notes

  1. ^ The Hertford built-up area sub division defined by the Office for National Statistics covers a similar, but not identical, area to the parish, and had a population in the 2011 census of 26,658.[2]
  2. ^ Some sources differ on the date of the founding of the burhs. Stenton (1943) gives the date as 911[8] whilst Williamson (2000) gives it as 912.[9] Ingram (1823), Giles (1847),[10] Thorpe (1861)[7] and Rook (1997)[11] agree on 913. Page (1912) uses "about 913".[12] All derive their view from different interpretations and translations of the various surviving versions (A to F) of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:
    • Text A (Winchester)[13] gives the year (in Roman numerals) as 913, but several dates around this section seem to have been adjusted later, and it appears that the year was originally written as 912. The numerals for 914 to 916 also appear in the margin alongside the entry concerning Hertford.
    • Text B (Abingdon I)[14] does not date the years around this time, but the text clearly marks the start of the entry for each year. A later hand has added dates in the margin, assigning 913 to the entry concerning Hertford.
    • Texts C (Abingdon II)[15] and D (Worcester)[16] both unambiguously assign the year 913 to the Hertford entry.
    • Texts E (Peterborough)[17] and F (Canterbury)[18] both have gaps for the years around this time.
    The four texts which mention the fortification of Hertford agree that the northern burh was founded around St. Martin's Day (or Martinmas), and the southern burh built between the following rogationtide and midsummer. All four texts present these events within a single paragraph, without indicating that a new year has started. Some sources take this to mean that the northern burh was built around the feast of St Martin of Tours on 11 November and the southern burh in the spring of the following year. Thorpe (1861) proposed that the St Martin's Day in question was more likely to be 14 April, which was formerly marked as the anniversary of St Martin the Confessor, which would place the construction of the northern burh around April and the southern burh in May and June of the same year.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Hertford Parish (E04004734)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  2. ^ UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Hertford Built-up area sub division (E35000899)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  3. ^ Skeat, Reverend Professor Walter William (1904), The Place-names of Hertfordshire, East Herts Archaeological Society (p. 27)
  4. ^ "The Domesday Book – Contents – Hertfordshire". www.domesdaybook.co.uk. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  5. ^ Munby, Lionel M. (1977) The Hertfordshire Landscape, p. 91. Hodder and Stoughton, London. ISBN 0-340-04459-4
  6. ^ "Church Society - Issues - History - Synod of Hertford". www.churchsociety.org.
  7. ^ a b c Thorpe, Benjamin (1861). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle according to the several original authorities: Volume 2, Translation. London: Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts. p. 78. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  8. ^ Stenton, Frank Merry (1943). Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 324. ISBN 0192801392. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  9. ^ Williamson, Tom (2010). The Origins of Hertfordshire. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-905313-95-2.
  10. ^ The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Translation by Rev. James Ingram (1823) with additional readings from the translation of Dr. J.A. Giles (1847). London: Everyman Press. 1912. p. 69. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  11. ^ Rook, Tony (1997). A History of Hertfordshire. Chichester: Phillimore. p. 32. ISBN 1-86077-015-0.
  12. ^ a b Page, William (1912). A History of the County of Hertford, Volume 3. London: Victoria County History. pp. 490–501. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  13. ^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Text A (Winchester / Parker). p. f.20v. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  14. ^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Text B (Abingdon I). p. f.29r. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  15. ^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Text C (Abingdon II). p. f.139r. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  16. ^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Text D (Worcester). p. f.46r. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  17. ^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Text E (Peterborough / Laud). p. f.35r. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  18. ^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Text F (Canterbury). p. f.57r. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  19. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 10 February 2009.
  20. ^ "Hertford Castle". www.johnbarber.com.
  21. ^ . Archived from the original on 13 May 2008.
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  26. ^ Post Office Directory of Essex, Herts, Kent, Middlesex, Surrey and Sussex. London: Kelly and Co. 1855. p. 209. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
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  28. ^ The Local Government (Successor Parishes) Order. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1974. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
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  31. ^ "East of England Region". Civic Heraldry of England. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  32. ^ . Archived from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  33. ^ "Hertford Town Youth Football Club". www.hertfordtownyouth.co.uk. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  34. ^ "Sorry. Something's wrong with the pitch. - Hertfordshire FA". www.hertfordshirefa.com.
  35. ^ . Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  36. ^ [1] Hertford's Victoria Cross winner', Retrieved: 20 September 2012
  37. ^ . Archived from the original on 13 December 2009.
  38. ^ "The borough of Hertford: Castle, honour, manors, church and charities | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk.
  39. ^ . Archived from the original on 22 July 2011.
  40. ^ "11 St. Andrew's St., Hertford. Copyright Tom Gladwin | The Alfred Russel Wallace Website". wallacefund.info. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  41. ^ "Geograph:: The Shire Hall, Hertford (C) Melvyn Cousins". www.geograph.org.uk.
  42. ^ . Archived from the original on 12 February 2009.
  43. ^ "The Egyptian building".
  44. ^ . Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
  45. ^ Burkeman, Oliver (4 January 2005). "Oliver Burkeman: Hertford, home of the Holy Grail" – via www.theguardian.com.
  46. ^ "London's Rail and Tube services" (PDF). Transport for London. November 2022. (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  47. ^ "Greater Anglia Network Map". Greater Anglia. from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  48. ^ a b "National Rail Train Operators" (PDF). National Rail. December 2022. (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
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  52. ^ "National Express route 737". National Express. from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  53. ^ "Hertford Bus Routes" (PDF). Intalink/Hertfordshire County Council. (PDF) from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  54. ^ "Route 61". Sustrans. from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  55. ^ "Route 61". Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 18 February 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  56. ^ "Cole Green Way - 10-mile quiet route between Welwyn Garden City, Hertford and Ware" (PDF). Hertfordshire County Council. (PDF) from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  57. ^ a b c "Canal & River Trust Explorers Map". Canal & River Trust. Retrieved 18 February 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  58. ^ a b c "Canal Map UK". Canal & River Trust. from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  59. ^ "Waterbus Cruise - Lee & Stort Boat Co Ltd". Lee & Stort Boat Company Ltd. from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  60. ^ "Home | Mill Mead Primary School". www.millmead.herts.sch.uk.
  61. ^ "Bengeo Primary School - Home". www.bengeo.herts.sch.uk.
  62. ^ "Home | www.morgans.herts.sch.uk". www.morgans.herts.
  63. ^ "Abel Smith School – An Ofsted 'Outstanding' School in Hertford, Hertfordshire". www.abelsmith.herts.sch.uk.
  64. ^ "Home | St Joseph's Catholic Primary School". www.stjosephs255.herts.sch.uk.
  65. ^ "Home - St Josephs's In The Park". stjosephsinthepark.com.
  66. ^ "Private Prep & Pre-Prep School in Hertfordshire - Duncombe School". Duncombe School.
  67. ^ https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Hertford
  68. ^ "About Hertford Theatre". www.hertfordtheatre.com/. Hertford Theatre. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  69. ^ Hertford.net 16 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine, pub list
  70. ^ Hertford.net 2 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine, restaurant list
  71. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 26 May 2014. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
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  73. ^ "Twinning North Herts". Baldock Twinning. Retrieved 29 March 2022.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hertford.
  • Hertford Town Council
  • Discover Hertford
  • Theinsider.org
  •   Hertford travel guide from Wikivoyage
  • History of Hertford Prison from theprison.org.uk


August 21, 2023
hertford, confused, with, hartford, hereford, other, uses, disambiguation, ɑːr, hart, fərd, county, town, shire, england, also, civil, parish, east, shire, district, county, parish, population, 2011, census, parliament, square, town, centrelocation, within, sh. Not to be confused with Hartford or Hereford For other uses see Hertford disambiguation Hertford ˈ h ɑːr t f er d HART ferd is the county town of Hertfordshire England and is also a civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of the county The parish had a population of 26 783 at the 2011 census 1 a HertfordParliament Square Hertford Town CentreHertfordLocation within HertfordshirePopulation26 783 2011 Census parish 1 OS grid referenceTL325125 London19 2 mi 30 9 km SCivil parishHertfordDistrictEast HertfordshireShire countyHertfordshireRegionEastCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townHERTFORDPostcode districtSG13 SG14Dialling code01992PoliceHertfordshireFireHertfordshireAmbulanceEast of EnglandUK ParliamentHertford and StortfordWebsitewww hertford gov ukList of places UK England Hertfordshire 51 47 48 N 0 04 38 W 51 79662 N 0 07735 W 51 79662 0 07735The town grew around a ford on the River Lea near its confluences with the rivers Mimram Beane and Rib The Lea is navigable from the Thames up to Hertford Fortified settlements were established on each side of the ford at Hertford in 913 AD The county of Hertfordshire was established at a similar time being named after and administered from Hertford Hertford Castle was built shortly after the Norman Conquest in 1066 and remained a royal residence until the early seventeenth century Hertfordshire County Council and East Hertfordshire District Council both have their main offices in the town and are major local employers as is McMullen s Brewery which has been based in the town since 1827 The town is also popular with commuters being only 20 miles 32 km north of central London and connected to it by two railway lines Contents 1 Toponymy 2 History 3 Governance 3 1 Arms 4 Geography 5 Economy 6 Sport and leisure 6 1 Football 6 2 Cricket 7 People 8 Landmarks 9 Transport 9 1 Rail 9 1 1 Hertford East 9 1 2 Hertford North 9 2 Road 9 3 Bus and coach 9 4 Cycling 9 5 River 10 Education 11 Media 12 Entertainment 13 Town twinning 14 Notes 15 References 16 External linksToponymy EditThe earliest reference to the town appears in the Ecclesiastical History of the English People written by Bede in 731 AD which refers to Herutford Herut is the Old English spelling of hart meaning a fully mature stag thus the meaning of the name is a ford where harts are found 3 The Domesday Book of 1086 gives a spelling of Hertforde 4 History Edit Hertford CastleOne possible earlier mention of the town was in 672 AD the first synod of a number of the bishops in England was held either in Hertford or at Hartford Cambridgeshire 5 The synod was called by Theodore of Tarsus decisions included the calculation of the date of Easter 6 The Anglo Saxon Chronicle records that in 913 AD Edward the Elder ordered the construction of two burhs earthwork fortifications either side of the ford over the River Lea at Hertford as part of his campaign against the Danes 7 b By the time of the Domesday Book Hertford had two churches two markets and three mills The Normans began work on Hertford Castle and Hertford Priory was founded by Ralph de Limesy 19 King Henry II rebuilt the castle in stone but in 1216 during the First Barons War it was besieged and captured after 25 days by Prince Louis of France 20 The castle was regularly visited by English royalty and in 1358 Queen Isabella wife of Edward II died there The priory was dissolved in 1536 and subsequently demolished 19 and in 1563 the Parliament of England met at the castle because of an outbreak of plague in London Hertford grew and prospered as a market and county town communication was improved by the construction of the Lea Navigation Canal in 1767 and the arrival of the railway in 1843 21 The Port Hill drill hall was completed in 1898 and Yeomanry House was brought into military use in 1910 22 Governance EditHertford has three tiers of local government at parish town district and county level Hertford Town Council East Hertfordshire District Council and Hertfordshire County Council all three of which are based in the town HertfordAncient borough c 913 1835 Municipal borough 1836 1974 Coat of armsPopulation 19019 322 197119 540 23 History Createdc 913 Ancient borough 1 January 1836 Municipal borough Abolished31 March 1974 Succeeded byEast Hertfordshire HQHertfordContained within County CouncilHertfordshireHertford has been the county town of Hertfordshire since the county was founded in Saxon times The town also gave its name to the hundred of Hertford 24 The town was initially governed by the king s reeves By the thirteenth century the reeves had been replaced by a bailiff elected by the burgesses Charters of 1554 and 1589 established a common council of eleven chief burgesses and a bailiff Another charter of 1605 changed the bailiff s title to mayor Under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 Hertford became a Municipal borough the ratepayers elected twelve councillors who chose four aldermen with the aldermen and councillors together composing the council also known as the corporation which elected the mayor 12 The Hertford poor law union was established in 1835 covering the town and surrounding rural parishes 25 Hertford Corporation used part of the Shire Hall as a Town Hall until 1911 when it moved into the surviving gatehouse of Hertford Castle 26 27 Under the Local Government Act 1972 Hertford Municipal Borough was abolished merging with other districts to become part of the district of East Hertfordshire with effect from 1 April 1974 A successor parish was created covering the former borough of Hertford with its parish council taking the name Hertford Town Council 28 The town council is based at the former offices of the borough corporation at Hertford Castle 29 The headquarters of Hertfordshire County Council is at County Hall built in 1939 to replace the Shire Hall East Hertfordshire District Council s offices almost adjoin County Hall being at Wallfields which prior to 1974 had been the offices of Hertford Rural District Council Arms Edit From at least 1634 Hertford Corporation used an escutcheon shield depicting a hart above water to indicate a ford The borough council was granted the right to complement its arms with a badge in 1925 and supporters were added in 1937 The coat of arms is now used by Hertford Town Council 30 Coat of arms of Hertford Town Council 31 Escutcheon Argent on water barry wavy a hart lodged Proper recorded at the 1634 visitation Supporters On either side a lion Ermine gorged with a collar pendent therefrom by a chain Gules an escutcheon Or charged with three chevrons also Gules granted 20th October 1937 Motto Pride In Our Past Faith In Our Future Badge Within a chaplet of roses Gules a hart s head caboshed Proper between the attires an escutcheon Or charged with three chevronels Gules granted 23rd September 1925 Geography EditHertford is at the confluence of four river valleys the Rib Beane and Mimram join the River Lea at Hertford to flow east and then south toward the Thames as the Lee Navigation after Hertford Castle Weir The shared valley of the Lea and the Beane is called Hartham Common and this provides a large park to one side of the town centre running towards Ware and lying below the ridge upon which Bengeo is situated The town centre still has its medieval layout with many timber framed buildings hidden under later frontages particularly in St Andrew Street Hertford suffers from traffic problems despite the existence of the 1960s A414 bypass called Gascoyne Way which passes close to the town centre Plans have long existed to connect the A10 with the A414 by passing the town completely Nevertheless the town retains very much a country town feel despite lying only 19 2 miles 30 9 km north of Central London This is aided by its proximity to larger towns such as Harlow Bishop s Stortford and Stevenage where modern development has been focused Suburbs and estates Bengeo Foxholes Estate Horns Mill Pinehurst Hertford Rush Green Sele Farm Nearby Hertford Hertford Heath Hertingfordbury Waterford Hartham CommonEconomy Edit Hertfordshire County Hall in HertfordA fair amount of employment in the town is centred on County Hall Hertfordshire County Council Wallfields East Hertfordshire District Council and McMullens Brewery one of a dwindling number of independent pre 1970 family brewers in the United Kingdom Many residents commute to work in London Hertford differs from neighbouring towns as it lacks a modern shopping development mall However it has most of the usual supermarkets A Tesco store occupies part of the former Christ s Hospital Bluecoat Girls School which closed down in 1985 Sainsbury s opened a new store on part of the McMullens Brewery site in June 2012 32 A Waitrose occupied a reasonably large store in the Bircherley Green Shopping area that closed on 12 September 2017 The local branch of Woolworths closed for good on 27 December 2008 after the collapse of that store chain There are fewer of the usual chain shops found in most high streets and this makes Hertford stand out from other clone towns There are a high number of independent shops in the town with a variety of boutiques and salons Sport and leisure EditHertford has a leisure centre and swimming pool skatepark bowling green and tennis courts on Hartham Common Football Edit There is a Non League football club Hertford Town F C which plays at Hertingfordbury Park Hertford Town Youth FC a FA Charter Standard Football Club play at County Hall Playing Fields situated next to the headquarters of Hertfordshire County Council at County Hall in Hertford 33 Other clubs surrounding the town include Bury Rangers Hertford Heath Youth FC and Bengeo Tigers Football Club an award winning 34 FA Charter Standard Community Football Club 35 Cricket Edit Hertford Cricket Club is an English amateur cricket club located in Hertford the county town of Hertfordshire Cricket records for a Hertford club go back a far as 1825 however the club in its present form has been in existence since 1860 The club plays its matches at Balls park Hertford Currently the club runs five teams and all the teams play in the local league People EditFrederick Scott Archer 1813 1857 son of a Hertford butcher was an early photographer best known for having invented the photographic collodion process The band Deep Purple formed in Hertford in 1968 Alfred Russel Wallace who proposed a theory of natural selection at the same time as Charles Darwin lived in Hertford from ages five to thirteen and attended Hertford Grammar School John Wilkes the radical politician was educated in Hertford Sergeant Alfred Alexander Burt VC soldier in the Hertfordshire Regiment who was born and lived in Hertford He was awarded the Victoria Cross for his valour on 27 September 1915 during the Battle of Loos 36 Captain W E Johns Writer of the Biggles books was born in Bengeo attended Hertford Grammar School and lived in Hertford The statue of Samuel StoneSamuel Stone Puritan minister who established the American town of Hartford Connecticut with Thomas Hooker He lived in Fore Street Hertford and was baptised at All Saints Church There is a statue commemorating him close to the Hertford Theatre Jane Wenham was tried at the Hertford Assizes for witchcraft in 1712 The jury found her guilty one of the last in England to be convicted of this offence Judge Powell had no choice but to condemn her to death but through his influence she was later given a Royal Pardon 37 Jack Trevor Story the author of The Trouble with Harry and other works was born in Hertford in 1917 Television and radio reporter and presenter Tom Heap was born in Hertford Actor Rupert Grint comes from Hertford and although he now lives outside the town he lived within Hertford when he began filming for the Harry Potter film series He attended Richard Hale School until finishing his GCSE exams in 2004 Other famous former pupils of Richard Hale School are listed on the school s page Dani Filth singer of Cradle of Filth was born in Hertford but grew up in Ipswich Singer George Ezra was born and grew up in Hertford attending Simon Balle School International rugby union players Robbie Morris amp Jamie George Cricketers Stuart Cradock John Hughes and Lawrence Wright were born in Hertford The Labour Party MP for Liverpool Walton between 1964 and 1984 Labour Chairman government minister and shadow cabinet minister Eric Heffer was born in Hertford in 1922Landmarks Edit Church of Saint Leonard BengeoIn the town are the remains of the original Hertford Castle principally a motte The castle s gatehouse the central part of which dates to a rebuild by Edward IV in 1463 is the home to Hertford Town Council The Motte from the original Motte and Bailey castle in Hertford can be found just behind Castle Hall a short distance from the modern castle There are several churches in the town All Saints and St Andrew s are late and mid 19th century respectively although both stand on the sites of medieval places of worship 38 In the northern suburb of Bengeo lies St Leonard s a two celled Norman church of considerable architectural interest In Railway Street can be found the oldest purpose built Quaker Meeting House in the world in use since 1670 Hertford Quaker Meeting HouseThe Parliament of England temporarily moved to Hertford during a plague outbreak in London in 1563 39 This is why the main square in the town Parliament Square is so named although it is a twentieth century creation The home of Alfred Russel Wallace see above now named Wallace House can be found at 11 St Andrew St and is marked with a plaque 40 Built in 1779 the Shire Hall was designed by Robert Adam 41 The ground floor houses Court Rooms The Corn Exchange was built on the site of a former gaol After years in the doldrums it has now reverted to being a live entertainment venue 42 The Prince Albert CottageThe Egyptian House in Fore Street built c 1824 is an early example of Egyptian revival architecture It was a grocery store from the Victorian era until the 1960s and is currently a restaurant 43 In Cowbridge there is a Prince Albert Cottage 44 The first of these cottages was originally built in Hyde Park by the Society for Improving the Condition of the Labouring Classes in 1851 at the time of the Great Exhibition Prince Albert was involved in their design and financing Hertford Museum is housed in a 17th century historic town house with a Jacobean style knot garden A stained glass window in St Andrew s Church is part of a fringe theory that links Hertford to the Knights Templar and the Holy Grail 45 Transport EditRail Edit Hertford East railway stationTwo railway stations serve Hertford Hertford East and Hertford North Transport for London Oyster cards are valid for payment and travel at both stations 46 Hertford East Edit Main article Hertford East railway station Hertford East is the north western terminus of the Hertford East Branch Line Greater Anglia manages the station and operates trains between Hertford East and London Liverpool Street in the City of London The Hertford East Branch Line along with the West Anglia Main Line provide the town with direct connections to Ware Broxbourne Cheshunt Waltham Cross Tottenham Hale and Hackney Downs At Broxbourne the south eastern terminus of the branch line the West Anglia Main Line runs northbound towards Bishop s Stortford Audley End and Cambridge 47 48 Hertford North Edit Main article Hertford North railway station Hertford North is on the Hertford Loop Line a branch of the East Coast Main Line Great Northern operates trains northbound towards Watton at Stone and Stevenage Southbound Great Northern trains run towards London Moorgate in the City through Enfield Chase Alexandra Palace Finsbury Park and Highbury and Islington Some timetabled services run southbound into London King s Cross instead of Moorgate A Class 717 operated by Great Northern on the Northaw Viaduct between Hertford North and London MoorgateNorth of Stevenage trains run towards Hitchin Peterborough the North and Scotland and towards Letchworth Royston and Cambridge South of Finsbury Park services run towards King s Cross London St Pancras Farringdon Gatwick Airport and Brighton 49 48 Road Edit See also A10 road England A414 road and A119 road England The A10 runs north south through the east of Hertford Kingsmead Viaduct carries the A10 across the River Lea between Hertford and Ware Southbound the route runs towards the M25 London Orbital motorway and the City of London through Cheshunt Enfield and Tottenham Northbound the route runs towards King s Lynn in Norfolk via Buntingford Royston Cambridge and Ely 50 The A414 runs east west through Hertford along Hertingfordbury Road Gascoyne Way and London Road The primary route runs eastbound towards the A10 Harlow the M11 motorway Chelmsford and Maldon Westbound the route carries traffic towards Hatfield the A1 M motorway St Albans and Hemel Hempstead The A119 runs eastbound from Hertford into Ware The route runs northbound from Hertford towards Watton at Stone and the A602 for Stevenage Bus and coach Edit Hertford Bus Station lies to the east of Bircherley Street in Hertford town centre Long distance routes through Hertford include 724 Arriva Green Line Harlow via Ware or Heathrow Airport via Welwyn Garden City Hatfield St Albans Watford Rickmansworth Denham and Hillingdon 51 737 National Express Stansted Airport via Harlow or Oxford via Hatfield Luton Airport Luton and Milton Keynes 52 A 724 branded bus operated by Arriva Shires amp EssexHertfordshire County Council manages the Intalink enhanced partnership which choreographs the local bus network 53 Bus routes in Hertford include 308 380 Arriva Cuffley and Bayford 310 Arriva Waltham Cross via Ware Broxbourne and Cheshunt 324 Arriva Ware or Welwyn Garden City 331 Arriva Royston via Ware Puckeridge and Buntingford 333 Diamond West Midlands Bengeo circular 341 641 Uno Broxbourne via Ware and Hoddesdon or Hatfield via Essendon 351 Central Connect Bishop s Stortford via Much Hadham 378 379 Arriva Stevenage via Tewin and Datchworth 383 384 Central Connect Stevenage via Tonwell or Ware 390 Arriva Centrebus Stevenage or Ware 395 Arriva WareCycling Edit National Cycle Route 61 runs east west through Hertford Between Welwyn Garden City and Ware through Hertford the route is also known as Cole Green Way The route s western terminus is near Taplow in Berkshire near Slough and Maidenhead To the east NCR61 meets NCR1 near Hoddesdon 54 55 56 Hertford is the northern terminus of the Lee Navigation and the associated towpath which carries NCR61 for part of its route The towpath s southern terminus is in Limehouse East London The cycle route passes through Ware Hoddesdon Broxbourne Enfield Lock Tottenham Leyton and Hackney Wick 57 58 River Edit Hertford is the northern terminus of the navigable River Lea which is managed by the Canal and River Trust Southbound the river runs towards Bromley by Bow in East London through Ware Hoddesdon Broxbourne Enfield Lock Tottenham Leyton and Hackney Wick The river meets the navigable River Stort at Hoddesdon which runs northbound through Harlow Sawbridgeworth and Bishop s Stortford 57 58 The Hertford Union Canal and the Limehouse Cut connect the Lee Navigation with the Regent s Canal in London 57 58 Lee and Stort Boat Company runs a waterbus at various points throughout the year with a route between Hertford and Ware 59 Education EditSchools in Hertford include the Sele School Richard Hale School and Simon Balle All through School at secondary level with primaries of Hollybush JMI Millmead Community School 60 Bengeo Primary School 61 Morgans Primary School amp Nursery 62 Abel Smith School named after banker and MP Abel Smith 1788 1859 63 St Andrew s School St Josephs RC School 64 and Wheatcroft School Private schools include St Joseph s in the Park 65 in Hertingfordbury Duncombe School 66 a preparatory school in Bengeo and Haileybury College in Hertford Heath Pinewood and Middleton Schools are special needs schools that are available in neighbouring Ware Former schools include The Pines JMI school which was built on the Pinehurst estate in 1977 and closed in 2003 Media EditThe town receives their local news and television programmes from the Crystal Palace TV transmitter and the local rely transmitter 67 Local radio stations are BBC Three Counties Radio on 90 4 FM and Heart Hertfordshire on 106 9 FM Hertford s local newspaper is the Hertfordshire Mercury Entertainment EditHertford Theatre previously known as Castle Hall is a modern theatre cinema and art gallery complex at The Wash in the town centre 68 The Hertford Corn Exchange is a building where entertainment such as comedy and art exhibitions take place Hertford has many food drink and entertainment establishments which have grown in number considerably since the eighties and nineties It attracts people from nearby towns and often the North London suburbs There are approximately 25 pubs and clubs in the area 69 and around 35 restaurants takeaways and snack bars 70 Hertford also benefits from public swimming pool and gym facilities and a small skatepark all situated on Hartham Common Town twinning EditSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom Evron France 71 72 Wildeshausen Germany 71 Hartford Connecticut United States 73 Notes Edit The Hertford built up area sub division defined by the Office for National Statistics covers a similar but not identical area to the parish and had a population in the 2011 census of 26 658 2 Some sources differ on the date of the founding of the burhs Stenton 1943 gives the date as 911 8 whilst Williamson 2000 gives it as 912 9 Ingram 1823 Giles 1847 10 Thorpe 1861 7 and Rook 1997 11 agree on 913 Page 1912 uses about 913 12 All derive their view from different interpretations and translations of the various surviving versions A to F of the Anglo Saxon Chronicle Text A Winchester 13 gives the year in Roman numerals as 913 but several dates around this section seem to have been adjusted later and it appears that the year was originally written as 912 The numerals for 914 to 916 also appear in the margin alongside the entry concerning Hertford Text B Abingdon I 14 does not date the years around this time but the text clearly marks the start of the entry for each year A later hand has added dates in the margin assigning 913 to the entry concerning Hertford Texts C Abingdon II 15 and D Worcester 16 both unambiguously assign the year 913 to the Hertford entry Texts E Peterborough 17 and F Canterbury 18 both have gaps for the years around this time The four texts which mention the fortification of Hertford agree that the northern burh was founded around St Martin s Day or Martinmas and the southern burh built between the following rogationtide and midsummer All four texts present these events within a single paragraph without indicating that a new year has started Some sources take this to mean that the northern burh was built around the feast of St Martin of Tours on 11 November and the southern burh in the spring of the following year Thorpe 1861 proposed that the St Martin s Day in question was more likely to be 14 April which was formerly marked as the anniversary of St Martin the Confessor which would place the construction of the northern burh around April and the southern burh in May and June of the same year 7 References Edit a b UK Census 2011 Local Area Report Hertford Parish E04004734 Nomis Office for National Statistics Retrieved 29 December 2021 UK Census 2011 Local Area Report Hertford Built up area sub division E35000899 Nomis Office for National Statistics Retrieved 10 January 2022 Skeat Reverend Professor Walter William 1904 The Place names of Hertfordshire East Herts Archaeological Society p 27 The Domesday Book Contents Hertfordshire www domesdaybook co uk Retrieved 1 June 2015 Munby Lionel M 1977 The Hertfordshire Landscape p 91 Hodder and Stoughton London ISBN 0 340 04459 4 Church Society Issues History Synod of Hertford www churchsociety org a b c Thorpe Benjamin 1861 The Anglo Saxon Chronicle according to the several original authorities Volume 2 Translation London Longman Green Longman and Roberts p 78 Retrieved 28 December 2021 Stenton Frank Merry 1943 Anglo Saxon England Oxford Oxford University Press p 324 ISBN 0192801392 Retrieved 28 December 2021 Williamson Tom 2010 The Origins of Hertfordshire Hatfield University of Hertfordshire Press p 108 ISBN 978 1 905313 95 2 The Anglo Saxon Chronicle Translation by Rev James Ingram 1823 with additional readings from the translation of Dr J A Giles 1847 London Everyman Press 1912 p 69 Retrieved 29 December 2021 Rook Tony 1997 A History of Hertfordshire Chichester Phillimore p 32 ISBN 1 86077 015 0 a b Page William 1912 A History of the County of Hertford Volume 3 London Victoria County History pp 490 501 Retrieved 29 December 2021 Anglo Saxon Chronicle Text A Winchester Parker p f 20v Retrieved 28 December 2021 Anglo Saxon Chronicle Text B Abingdon I p f 29r Retrieved 28 December 2021 Anglo Saxon Chronicle Text C Abingdon II p f 139r Retrieved 28 December 2021 Anglo Saxon Chronicle Text D Worcester p f 46r Retrieved 28 December 2021 Anglo Saxon Chronicle Text E Peterborough Laud p f 35r Retrieved 28 December 2021 Anglo Saxon Chronicle Text F Canterbury p f 57r Retrieved 28 December 2021 a b Hertford net Archived from the original on 10 February 2009 Hertford Castle www johnbarber com Hertford net Archived from the original on 13 May 2008 Hertford The drill hall project Retrieved 13 August 2017 Hertford Municipal Borough A Vision of Britain through Time GB Historical GIS University of Portsmouth Retrieved 29 December 2021 Hertford Hundred A Vision of Britain through Time GB Historical GIS University of Portsmouth Retrieved 29 December 2021 Higginbotham Peter Hertford Workhouse The Workhouse Retrieved 29 December 2021 Post Office Directory of Essex Herts Kent Middlesex Surrey and Sussex London Kelly and Co 1855 p 209 Retrieved 29 December 2021 Cooper Jacqueline 2007 Hertford A History Chichester Phillimore p 133 ISBN 978 1 86077 469 0 The Local Government Successor Parishes Order London Her Majesty s Stationery Office 1974 Retrieved 29 December 2021 Hertford Town Council Retrieved 29 December 2021 History of Hertford Hertford Town Council Retrieved 30 December 2021 East of England Region Civic Heraldry of England Retrieved 10 March 2021 Hertfordshire Mercury Archived from the original on 30 June 2012 Retrieved 27 July 2012 Hertford Town Youth Football Club www hertfordtownyouth co uk Retrieved 22 September 2017 Sorry Something s wrong with the pitch Hertfordshire FA www hertfordshirefa com Bengeo Tigers Awarded Community Charter Status Bengeo Tigers FC Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 13 September 2014 1 Hertford s Victoria Cross winner Retrieved 20 September 2012 Hertford net Archived from the original on 13 December 2009 The borough of Hertford Castle honour manors church and charities British History Online www british history ac uk Hertford Timeline Archived from the original on 22 July 2011 11 St Andrew s St Hertford Copyright Tom Gladwin The Alfred Russel Wallace Website wallacefund info Archived from the original on 21 July 2012 Retrieved 13 August 2019 Geograph The Shire Hall Hertford C Melvyn Cousins www geograph org uk The Corn Exchange Archived from the original on 12 February 2009 The Egyptian building Victoria and Albert Museum information on Prince Albert Cottages Archived from the original on 14 May 2009 Retrieved 26 May 2009 Burkeman Oliver 4 January 2005 Oliver Burkeman Hertford home of the Holy Grail via www theguardian com London s Rail and Tube services PDF Transport for London November 2022 Archived PDF from the original on 2 February 2023 Retrieved 18 February 2023 Greater Anglia Network Map Greater Anglia Archived from the original on 18 February 2023 Retrieved 18 February 2023 a b National Rail Train Operators PDF National Rail December 2022 Archived PDF from the original on 5 February 2023 Retrieved 18 February 2023 Great Northern Routes Diagram PDF Govia Thameslink Railway Archived PDF from the original on 13 December 2019 Retrieved 18 February 2023 A10 Road Great Britain OpenStreetMap Retrieved 18 February 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Green Line Route 724 Arriva Shires amp Essex Archived from the original on 13 October 2022 Retrieved 18 February 2023 National Express route 737 National Express Archived from the original on 1 December 2022 Retrieved 18 February 2023 Hertford Bus Routes PDF Intalink Hertfordshire County Council Archived PDF from the original on 11 May 2022 Retrieved 18 February 2022 Route 61 Sustrans Archived from the original on 7 February 2023 Retrieved 18 February 2023 Route 61 Ordnance Survey Retrieved 18 February 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Cole Green Way 10 mile quiet route between Welwyn Garden City Hertford and Ware PDF Hertfordshire County Council Archived PDF from the original on 23 January 2023 Retrieved 18 February 2023 a b c Canal amp River Trust Explorers Map Canal amp River Trust Retrieved 18 February 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b c Canal Map UK Canal amp River Trust Archived from the original on 21 September 2022 Retrieved 18 February 2023 Waterbus Cruise Lee amp Stort Boat Co Ltd Lee amp Stort Boat Company Ltd Archived from the original on 18 February 2023 Retrieved 18 February 2023 Home Mill Mead Primary School www millmead herts sch uk Bengeo Primary School Home www bengeo herts sch uk Home www morgans herts sch uk www morgans herts Abel Smith School An Ofsted Outstanding School in Hertford Hertfordshire www abelsmith herts sch uk Home St Joseph s Catholic Primary School www stjosephs255 herts sch uk Home St Josephs s In The Park stjosephsinthepark com Private Prep amp Pre Prep School in Hertfordshire Duncombe School Duncombe School https ukfree tv transmitters tv Hertford About Hertford Theatre www hertfordtheatre com Hertford Theatre Retrieved 23 January 2014 Hertford net Archived 16 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine pub list Hertford net Archived 2 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine restaurant list a b Hertford gov uk Archived from the original on 26 May 2014 Retrieved 10 November 2010 British towns twinned with French towns via WaybackMachine com Archant Community Media Ltd Archived from the original on 5 July 2013 Retrieved 20 July 2013 Twinning North Herts Baldock Twinning Retrieved 29 March 2022 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hertford Hertford Town Council Discover Hertford Theinsider org Hertford travel guide from Wikivoyage History of Hertford Prison from theprison org uk Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hertford amp oldid 1171128243, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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