Wikipedia
List of Hungarian monarchs
This is a list of Hungarian monarchs, that includes the grand princes (895–1000) and the kings and ruling queens of Hungary (1000–1918).
The Principality of Hungary established 895 or 896, following the 9th-century Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin. The Kingdom of Hungary existed from 1000 (or arguably from 1001; the coronation of Saint Stephen) until 1918 (when Charles IV "renounced participation" in state affairs, but did not abdicate). The Árpád dynasty, the male-line descendants of Grand Prince Árpád, ruled Hungary continuously from 895 to 1301.
Semi-legendary rulers before the Conquest
Grand Princes of Hungary
House of Árpád
The king-list for the first half of the 10th century is often disputed, as the Hungarian nation consisted of several tribes led by various leaders. The most frequently proposed list is:
| Portrait | Name | Monarch from | Monarch until | Marriage(s) | Relationship with predecessor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Árpád | c. 895 | c. 907 | Unknown | • Son of Álmos | |
| Zoltán Zolta | c. 907 | c. 947 | Menumorut's daughter (?) | • Son of Árpád | |
| Fajsz Falicsi | c. 947 | c. 955 | Unknown | • Grandson of Árpád | |
| Taksony Taxis, Tocsun | c. 955 | c. 972 | a "Cuman" woman | • Son of Zoltán | |
| Géza Gejza | c. 972 | 997 | Sarolt | • Son of Taksony | |
| Stephen István | 997 | 25 December 1000 | Blessed Gisela of Bavaria | • Son of Géza |
Kings of Hungary
House of Árpád (1000–1301)
| Portrait | Name | Start of reign | End of reign | Marriage(s) | Relationship with predecessor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saint Stephen I The Founder of the State | 25 December 1000 | 15 August 1038 | Blessed Gisela of Bavaria | • Son of Géza | |
| Peter the Venetian (1st rule) | 15 August 1038 | September 1041 | (1) Unknown (2) Judith of Schweinfurt (?) | • Nephew of Stephen I | |
| Samuel | September 1041 | 5 July 1044 Battle of Ménfő | Géza's daughter | • Brother-in-law of Stephen I | |
| Peter the Venetian (2nd rule) | 5 July 1044 | September 1046 | (1) Unknown (2) Judith of Schweinfurt (?) | • Nephew of Stephen I | |
| Andrew I the White | September 1046 | December 1060 | Anastasia of Kiev | • Great-grandson of Taksony | |
| Béla I the Champion | 6 December 1060 | 11 September 1063 | Richeza of Poland | • Great-grandson of Taksony • Younger brother of Andrew I | |
| Solomon | September 1063 | 14 March 1074 | Judith of Swabia | • Son of Andrew I | |
| Géza I Magnus | 14 March 1074 | 25 April 1077 | (1) Sophia (2) Synadene | • Son of Béla I | |
| Saint Ladislaus I | 25 April 1077 | 29 July 1095 | (1) Unknown (?) (2) Adelaide of Rheinfelden | • Son of Béla I • Younger brother of Géza I | |
| Coloman the Learned | 1095 | 3 February 1116 | (1) Felicia of Sicily (2) Eufemia of Kiev | • Son of Géza I | |
| Stephen II | 3 February 1116 | 1 March 1131 | Unnamed daughter of Robert I of Capua | • Son of Coloman | |
| Béla II the Blind | 28 April 1131 | 13 February 1141 | Helena of Rascia | • Grandson of Géza I • Cousin of Stephen II | |
| Géza II | 16 February 1141 | 31 May 1162 | Euphrosyne of Kiev | • Son of Béla II | |
| Stephen III | June 1162 | 4 March 1172 | Agnes of Austria | • Son of Géza II | |
| Ladislaus II (Anti-king) | June 1162 | 14 January 1163 | Unknown | • Son of Béla II • Younger brother of Géza II | |
| Stephen IV (Anti-king) | 27 January 1163 | 11 April 1165 | Maria Komnene | • Son of Béla II • Younger brother of Géza II | |
| Béla III the Great | March 1172 | 23 April 1196 | (1) Agnes of Antioch (2) Margaret of France | • Son of Géza II • Younger brother of Stephen III | |
| Emeric | April 1196 | 30 November 1204 | Constance of Aragon | • Son of Béla III | |
| Ladislaus III | 30 November 1204 | 7 May 1205 | Unmarried | • Son of Emeric | |
| Andrew II the Jerosolimitan | 29 May 1205 | 21 September 1235 | (1) Gertrude of Merania (2) Yolanda de Courtenay (3) Beatrice d'Este | • Son of Béla III • Younger brother of Emeric | |
| Béla IV the Second Founder of the State | 14 October 1235 | 3 May 1270 | Maria Laskarina | • Son of Andrew II | |
| Stephen V | May 1270 | 6 August 1272 | Elizabeth the Cuman | • Son of Béla IV | |
| Ladislaus IV the Cuman | 3 September 1272 | 10 July 1290 | Elizabeth of Sicily | • Son of Stephen V | |
| Andrew III the Venetian | 23 July 1290 | 14 January 1301 | (1) Fenenna of Kuyavia (2) Agnes of Austria | • Grandson of Andrew II |
House of Přemyslid (1301–1305)
| Name Reign | Portrait | Arms | Birth Parentage | Marriage(s) Issue | Death | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wenceslaus Ladislaus 27 August 1301 – 9 October 1305 | 6 October 1289 Prague Son of Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and Judith of Habsburg | Viola of Teschen 5 October 1305 Prague no issue | 4 August 1306 Olomouc aged 16 | Great-great-grandson of Béla IV of Hungary |
House of Wittelsbach (1305–1307)
| Name Reign | Portrait | Arms | Birth Parentage | Marriage(s) Issue | Death | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Otto 9 October 1305 – May 1307 | 11 February 1261 Burghausen Son of Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria and Elizabeth of Hungary | (1) Catherine of Habsburg January 1279 no issue (2) Agnes of Glogau 18 May 1309 two children | 9 November 1312 Landshut aged 51 | Grandson of Béla IV of Hungary |
House of Anjou (1308–1395)
| Name Reign | Portrait | Arms | Birth Parentage | Marriage(s) Issue | Death | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charles I Charles Robert 17 November 1308 – 16 July 1342 | 1288 Naples Son of Charles Martel of Anjou and Clemence of Austria | (4) Elizabeth of Poland 6 July 1320 Visegrád five children | 16 July 1342 Visegrád aged 53–54 | Great-grandson of Stephen V of Hungary | ||
| Louis I the Great 21 July 1342 – 10 September 1382 | 5 March 1326 Visegrád Son of Charles I of Hungary and Elizabeth of Poland | (1) Margaret of Bohemia 3 August 1342 Visegrád no issue (2) Elizabeth of Bosnia 20 June 1353 Buda three children | 10 September 1382 Nagyszombat aged 56 | King of Hungary and Poland | ||
| Mary I 17 September 1382 – 31 December 1385 | 14 April 1371 Buda Daughter of Louis the Great and Elizabeth of Bosnia | Sigismund of Luxembourg 1 November 1385 Buda one child | 17 May 1395 Buda aged 24 | First Queen(-regnant) of Hungary 1st reign | ||
| Charles II the Short 31 December 1385 – 24 February 1386 | 1345 Naples Son of Louis of Durazzo and Margaret of Sanseverino | Margaret of Durazzo 24 January 1369 Naples three children | 24 February 1386 Visegrád aged 41 | Great-great-grandson of Stephen V of Hungary King of Hungary and Naples | ||
| Mary I with Sigismund (1387–) 24 February 1386 – 17 May 1395 | 14 April 1371 Buda Daughter of Louis the Great and Elizabeth of Bosnia | Sigismund of Luxembourg 1 November 1385 Buda one child | 17 May 1395 Buda aged 24 | 2nd reign |
House of Luxembourg (1387–1437)
| Name Reign | Portrait | Arms | Birth Parentage | Marriage(s) Issue | Death | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sigismund with Mary (1387–1395) 31 March 1387 – 9 December 1437 | 14 February 1368 Nuremberg Son of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Elizabeth of Pomerania | (1) Mary of Hungary 1 November 1385 Buda one child (2) Barbara of Cilli 6 December 1405 Székesfehérvár two children | 9 December 1437 Znojmo aged 69 | Fourth great-grandson of Béla IV of Hungary and husband of Mary, Queen of Hungary |
House of Habsburg (1437–1457)
| Name Reign | Portrait | Arms | Birth Parentage | Marriage(s) Issue | Death | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albert the Magnanimous 18 December 1437 – 27 October 1439 | 10 August 1397 Vienna Son of Albert IV, Duke of Austria and Joanna Sophia of Bavaria | Elizabeth of Luxembourg 19 April 1422 Vienna four children | 27 October 1439 Neszmély aged 42 | Seventh great-grandson of Géza II of Hungary and son-in-law of Sigismund of Luxembourg | ||
| Ladislaus V the Posthumous 15 May 1440 – 23 November 1457 | 22 February 1440 Komárom Son of Albert of Habsburg and Elizabeth of Luxembourg | never married no issue | 23 November 1457 Prague aged 17 | King of Hungary and Bohemia and Duke of Austria |
- 27 October 1439 – 19 December 1442: Queen Regent Elizabeth of Luxembourg
- 7 May 1445 – 6 June 1446: Seven Captains of the Realm
- 6 June 1446 – January 1453: Regent John Hunyadi
House of Jagiellon (1440–1444)
| Name Reign | Portrait | Arms | Birth Parentage | Marriage(s) Issue | Death | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vladislaus I Vladislaus of Varna 17 July 1440 – 10 November 1444 | 31 October 1424 Kraków Son of Vladislaus II of Jagiellon and Sophia of Halshany | never married no issue | 10 November 1444 Varna aged 20 | Fourth great-grandson of Béla IV of Hungary |
House of Hunyadi (1458–1490)
| Name Reign | Portrait | Arms | Birth Parentage | Marriage(s) Issue | Death | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthias I the Just 24 January 1458 – 6 April 1490 | 23 February 1443 Kolozsvár Son of John Hunyadi and Elisabeth Szilágyi | (1) Catherine of Poděbrady 1 May 1463 Buda no issue (2) Beatrice of Naples 22 December 1476 Székesfehérvár no issue | 6 April 1490 Vienna aged 47 | No relationship with predecessors |
House of Jagiellon (1490–1526)
| Name Reign | Portrait | Arms | Birth Parentage | Marriage(s) Issue | Death | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vladislaus II Vladislaus Dobže 15 July 1490 – 13 March 1516 | 1 March 1456 Kraków Son of Casimir IV of Jagiellon and Elizabeth of Austria | Anne of Foix-Candale 29 September 1502 Székesfehérvár two children | 13 March 1516 Buda aged 60 | Grandson of Albert of Habsburg King of Hungary and Bohemia | ||
| Louis II 13 March 1516 – 29 August 1526 | 1 July 1506 Buda Son of Vladislaus II of Hungary and Anne of Foix-Candale | Mary of Austria 4 June 1508 Székesfehérvár no issue | 29 August 1526 Mohács aged 20 | King of Hungary and Bohemia |
House of Zápolya (1526–1570)
| Name Reign | Portrait | Arms | Birth Parentage | Marriage(s) Issue | Death | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John I John Zápolya 11 November 1526 – July 1540 | 1487 Szepesváralja Son of Stephen Zápolya and Hedwig of Cieszyn | Isabella Jagiellon 2 March 1539 Székesfehérvár one child | July 1540 Szászsebes aged 53 | Sixth great-grandson of Béla IV Contested by Ferdinand I | ||
| John II John Sigismund 13 September 1540 – 16 August 1570 | 7 July 1540 Buda Son of John I of Hungary and Isabella Jagiellon | never married no issue | 14 March 1571 Gyulafehérvár aged 30 | Elected King of Hungary Contested by Ferdinand I and Maximilian |
House of Habsburg (1526–1780)
| Name Reign | Portrait | Arms | Birth Parentage | Marriage(s) Issue | Death | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferdinand I 17 December 1526 – 25 July 1564 | 10 March 1503 Alcalá de Henares Son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile | Anne of Bohemia 26 May 1521 Linz fifteen children | 25 July 1564 Vienna aged 61 | Tenth great-grandson of Géza II and brother-in-law of Louis II Contested by John I of Zápolya and John Sigismund | ||
| Maximilian 26 July 1564 – 12 October 1576 | 31 July 1527 Vienna Son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Anne of Bohemia | Maria of Spain 13 September 1548 Valladolid fifteen children | 12 October 1576 Regensburg aged 49 | Son of Ferdinand I Contested by John Sigismund until 1570 | ||
| Rudolph 12 October 1576 – 26 June 1608 | 18 July 1552 Vienna Son of Maximilian (II), Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Maria of Spain | Unmarried | 20 January 1612 Prague aged 59 | Son of Maximilian | ||
| Matthias II 26 June 1608 – 20 March 1619 | 24 February 1557 Vienna Son of Maximilian (II), Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Maria of Spain | Anna of Tyrol 4 December 1611 Vienna no issue | 20 March 1619 Vienna aged 62 | Son of Maximilian and younger brother of Rudolph | ||
| Ferdinand II 20 March 1619 – 15 February 1637 | 9 July 1578 Graz Son of Charles II, Archduke of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria | (1) Maria Anna of Bavaria 23 April 1600 Graz seven children (2) Eleonora Gonzaga 2 February 1622 Innsbruck no issue | 15 February 1637 Vienna aged 58 | Grandson of Ferdinand I and cousin of Rudolph and Matthias | ||
| Ferdinand III 15 February 1637 – 2 April 1657 | 13 July 1608 Graz Son of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Maria Anna of Bavaria | (1) Maria Anna of Spain 20 February 1631 Vienna six children (2) Maria Leopoldine of Austria 2 July 1648 Linz one child (3) Eleonora Gonzaga 30 April 1651 Wiener Neustadt four children | 2 April 1657 Vienna aged 48 | Son of Ferdinand II | ||
| Ferdinand IV 16 June 1647 – 9 July 1654 | 8 September 1633 Vienna Son of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Maria Anna of Spain | Never married no children | 9 July 1654 Vienna aged 20 | Son and co-ruler of Ferdinand III | ||
| Leopold I 2 April 1657 – 5 May 1705 | 9 June 1640 Vienna Son of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Maria Anna of Spain | (1) Margaret Theresa of Spain 12 December 1666 Vienna four children (2) Claudia Felicitas of Austria 15 October 1673 Graz two children (3) Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg 14 December 1676 Passau ten children | 5 May 1705 Vienna aged 64 | Son of Ferdinand III | ||
| Joseph I 5 May 1705 – 17 April 1711 | 26 July 1678 Vienna Son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg | Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg 24 February 1699 Vienna three children | 17 April 1711 Vienna aged 32 | Son of Leopold I | ||
| Charles III 17 April 1711 – 20 October 1740 | 1 October 1685 Vienna Son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg | Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 1 August 1708 Barcelona four children | 20 October 1740 Vienna aged 55 | Son of Leopold I and younger brother of Joseph I | ||
| Mary II Maria Theresa 20 October 1740 – 29 November 1780 | 13 May 1717 Vienna Daughter of Charles III, (IV) Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel | Francis Stephen of Lorraine 12 February 1736 Vienna sixteen children | 29 November 1780 Vienna aged 63 | Daughter of Charles III |
House of Habsburg-Lorraine (1780–1918)
| Name Reign | Portrait | Arms | Birth Parentage | Marriage(s) Issue | Death | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joseph II the Hat King[1] 29 November 1780 – 20 February 1790 | 13 March 1741 Vienna Son of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa of Austria | (1) Isabella of Parma 6 October 1760 Vienna two children (2) Maria Josepha of Bavaria 13 January 1765 Vienna no issue | 20 February 1790 Vienna aged 48 | Son of Maria Theresa, and Holy Roman Emperor | ||
| Leopold II 20 February 1790 – 1 March 1792 | 5 May 1747 Vienna Son of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa of Austria | Maria Luisa of Spain 5 August 1765 Innsbruck sixteen children | 1 March 1792 Vienna aged 44 | Son of Maria Theresa, younger brother of Joseph II | ||
| Francis I 1 March 1792 – 2 March 1835 | 12 February 1768 Florence Son of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Luisa of Spain | (1) Elisabeth of Württemberg (2) Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (3) Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este (4) Caroline Augusta of Bavaria thirteen children | 2 March 1835 Vienna aged 67 | Son of Leopold II | ||
| Ferdinand V the Benign 2 March 1835 – 2 December 1848 | 19 April 1793 Vienna Son of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily | Maria Anna of Savoy 27 February 1831 Vienna no issue | 29 June 1875 Prague aged 82 | Son of Francis I | ||
| Francis Joseph I 2 December 1848 – 21 November 1916 | 18 August 1830 Vienna Son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Princess Sophie of Bavaria | Elisabeth of Bavaria 24 April 1854 Vienna four children | 21 November 1916 Vienna aged 86 | Nephew of Ferdinand V | ||
| Charles IV Blessed Charles 21 November 1916 – 16 November 1918 | 17 August 1887 Persenbeug-Gottsdorf Son of Archduke Otto of Austria and Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony | Zita of Bourbon-Parma 21 October 1911 Schwarzau eight children | 1 April 1922 Funchal aged 34 | Great-nephew of Francis Joseph I |
Timeline
See also
References
- ^ In its 1849 Declaration of Independence the Hungarian National Assembly declared that Joseph II was not a true King of Hungary because he was never crowned with the Crown of St. Stephen.
- ^ Allan Ellenius, Wim Blockmans, European Science Foundation; The Origins of the Modern State in Europe: 13th to 18th Centuries, Oxford University Press, 1998
- ^ Bálint Hóman, Gyula Szekfű, Gyula Szekfu; Magyar történet; Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 1938
- ^ Štefan Holčík; Korunovačné slávnosti, Bratislava 1563–1830, Tatran, 1986
- ^ Jenő Vértesy; Kölcsey Ferencz, Nyomatott a Magyar királyi Egyetemi könyvnyomdában, 1885
- ^ Slovenská akadémia vied; Historický časopis, Vydatelʹstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1985
External links
- Hungarian Dynasties