Mia Mottley
Mia Amor Mottley, SC, MP[2] (born 1 October 1965) is a Barbadian politician and attorney who has served as the eighth prime minister of Barbados since 2018 and as Leader of the Barbados Labour Party (BLP) since 2008. Mottley is the first woman to hold either position. She is also Barbados' first prime minister under its republican system, following constitutional changes she introduced that abolished the country's constitutional monarchy.
Mia Mottley | |
|---|---|
Mottley in 2021 | |
| 8th Prime Minister of Barbados | |
| Assumed office 25 May 2018 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II (until 2021) |
| President | Sandra Mason (since 2021) |
| Governor-General | Sandra Mason (until 2021) |
| Deputy | Santia Bradshaw (since 2022) |
| Preceded by | Freundel Stuart |
| 7th Deputy Prime Minister of Barbados | |
| In office 26 May 2003 – 15 January 2008 | |
| Prime Minister | Owen Arthur |
| Preceded by | Billie Miller |
| Succeeded by | Freundel Stuart |
| Leader of the Opposition | |
| In office 26 February 2013 – 25 May 2018 | |
| Prime Minister | Freundel Stuart |
| Preceded by | Owen Arthur |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Atherley[1] |
| In office 7 February 2008 – 18 October 2010 | |
| Prime Minister | David Thompson |
| Preceded by | David Thompson |
| Succeeded by | Owen Arthur |
| Member of Parliament for Saint Michael North East | |
| Assumed office 6 September 1994 | |
| Preceded by | Leroy Brathwaite |
| Majority | 3,243 (62.1%) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1 October 1965 Barbados |
| Political party | Barbados Labour Party |
| Relations | Eva Mottley (cousin) |
| Residence | Ilaro Court (2018–present) |
| Education | Merrivale Preparatory School; United Nations International School; Queen's College (Barbados) |
| Alma mater | London School of Economics (LLB) |
Mottley has been the Member of Parliament for the constituency of Saint Michael North East since 1994. From 1994 to 2008, she held a succession of ministerial portfolios including the post of Attorney-General of Barbados becoming the first woman to be appointed as such. She is also a member of the Inter-American Dialogue.[3]
Mottley was twice the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Assembly of Barbados first from 2008 to 2010 then from 2013 to 2018. In 2018, the Mottley-led BLP won a historic landslide victory in the 24 May general election, securing all 30 seats in the House—making them the first party to accomplish this feat—in addition to winning 72.8 per cent of the popular vote, which is the highest share ever achieved by a party in a general election.[4]
Mottley won a second term in office at the 2022 general election, once again sweeping all 30 seats in the legislature[5] in a snap election that she called.[6]
Early life, family and education Edit
Mottley is the granddaughter of Ernest Deighton Mottley (1907–1973), a real estate broker and successful politician particularly at the parish level. He was the first Mayor of Bridgetown (1959), representing Bridgetown in the House of Assembly from 1946, who belonged to the conservative Barbados National Party. He was granted the Ordinary Commander of the Civil Division for public services in Barbados in June 1962 and assisted Wynter Algernon Crawford (1910–1993), Barbados's Trade Minister, at the Independent Conference in London during June and July 1966.
Mottley's uncle, also named Ernest Deighton Mottley, became the political leader of the short-lived Christian Social Democratic Party (CSD) created in March 1975.[7] Her cousin was the actress Eva Mottley.
Mia's father Elliott Deighton Mottley was a barrister who sat in the House of Assembly for a relatively short time, vacating the seat to become consul-general in New York. He was educated at Eagle Hall School, Harrison College (Barbados), Middle Temple and the Inns of Court School of Law. He once served as Bermuda's attorney-general and sits on the Court of Appeal of Belize. He married Mia's mother Santa Amor Tappin in December 1964, three years after being called to the Bar, and was elected to represent Bridgetown in May 1969. It has been suggested that the Prime Minister of the time, Errol Barrow, used his parliamentary majority to abolish local government altogether and therefore undermine Elliott Mottley's strength in the political arena.
Mia Mottley was educated at Merrivale Preparatory School,[a] the United Nations International School, and Queen's College (Barbados). She later studied at the London School of Economics and was awarded a law degree from the University of London in 1986.[8]
Political career Edit
Mottley first entered Barbadian politics in 1991, when she lost an election race in St. Michael North East against Leroy Brathwaite (a defeat of fewer than 200 votes). Between 1991 and 1994, she was one of two Opposition Senators in the Upper House, Senate of Barbados, where she was Shadow Minister of Culture and Community Development. During that time, she served on numerous Parliamentary Joint Select Committees on areas including Praedial Larceny and Domestic Violence.
Following the BLP's victory in the 1994 Barbadian general election, Mottley was appointed as the Minister of Education, Youth Affairs and Culture in September 1994, under Prime Minister Owen Arthur. At the age of 29, she was one of the youngest Barbadians to be assigned a ministerial portfolio. During her tenure, she co-authored the White Paper on Education entitled Each Child Matters, which draws the link between better education and job fulfillment.
She was elected General Secretary of the Barbados Labour Party in 1996. In that year and again in 1997, she was Chairwoman of the Caricom Standing Committee of Ministers of Education.
Mottley was appointed Attorney-General of Barbados and Minister of Home Affairs in August 2001 and is the first female (in Barbados) to hold this position. She is also the youngest ever Queen's Counsel in Barbados.[9] In addition to being a Member of the Privy Council of Barbados, she was the Leader of the House and a member of the National Security Council and the Barbados Defence Board. She is also credited with being the visionary behind the Education Sector Enhancement Programme, popularly known as "EduTech", which aims to increase the number of young people contributing to the island's sustainable social, cultural and economic development. This revolutionary programme involves the widespread use of information and communication technologies to assist in improving the quality of the teaching and learning process.
In Youth Affairs, Mottley directed the establishment of the Youth Entrepreneurship Scheme and a National Youth Development Programme.
Two years later, Mottley became the second female Deputy Prime Minister and Chairman of the Social Council of Barbados and the Deputy Chairman of Barbados's Economic Council. She held the chairmanship of a number of key Cabinet sub-committees, notably on Telecommunications Reform and on oversight of the administrative and legislative initiatives to prepare Barbados for the advent of the Caribbean Single Market and Economy.
In a government reshuffle in February 2006, Mottley was appointed Minister of Economic Affairs and Development, a post she also held until 2008, where her responsibilities put her in charge of key economic agencies.
Following the BLP's defeat in the 2008 Barbadian general election held on 15 January 2008, and Owen Arthur's resignation as party leader, Mia Mottley was elected as BLP party leader in a leadership election on 19 January 2008 against former Attorney-General of Barbados, Dale Marshall (politician). She is the first woman to lead the party, as well as the country's first female Opposition Leader.[10] Mottley was sworn in as Opposition Leader on 7 February 2008. She promised the people that the Barbados Labour Party would be a strong and unified Opposition that would fight for the rights of all citizens in the country.
On 18 October 2010, Mottley was ousted as Leader of the Opposition following a vote of no-confidence by five of her parliamentary colleagues. The five MPs placed their support behind former Prime Minister Owen Arthur, who assumed the leadership position that same day after another leadership election where former Prime Minister Owen Arthur defeated Mia Mottley.
In the February 2013 general election, the BLP was narrowly defeated, obtaining 14 seats against 16 for the Democratic Labour Party (DLP). A few days after the election, on 26 February 2013, the BLP parliamentary group elected Mottley as Leader of the Opposition, replacing Arthur.[11]
Prime Minister Edit
In the 24 May 2018 general election, the BLP won the biggest majority government in Barbadian history, winning more than 70 per cent of the popular vote and all 30 seats in the legislature. Mottley was sworn in as Barbados's first female Prime Minister on 25 May 2018.[12][4][13] During her tenure as prime minister, she has held the additional portfolio of Minister of Finance.[14]
A week after the elections, Joseph Atherley, MP for St. Michael West, left the BLP to become the House of Assembly's sole opposition member, citing concerns about democracy.[15] He was subsequently appointed Leader of the Opposition.[1]
In May 2018, Mottley disclosed previously uncovered financial obligations of the state, saying that the new government inherited a large debt. Disclosure of information about the current level of debt led to an increase in the debt-to-GDP ratio from 137 per cent to 175 per cent — the fourth-highest value in the world after Japan, Greece, and Sudan. Mottley announced that new government had no other choice than to ask the IMF to facilitate debt restructuring.[citation needed] A week later, following the election, on 5 June 2018 Barbados failed to fulfil its obligation to pay the 26th coupon on Eurobonds maturing in 2035. This was the first time in history that a sitting government did not fulfil its obligation.[16]
In the 2019 New Year Honours, Mottley's father Elliott Mottley received a knighthood on the nomination of the Barbadian government.[17][18]
Mottley addressed the United Nations General Assembly in New York on 27 September 2019 with a 39-minute speech centred on climate change and its effects on Barbados and other Caribbean nations.[19][20]
In 2020, Mottley served as the Chairperson of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) bloc, a rotating position held for six months.
In the 2020 Throne Speech, Mottley's government announced a plan to abolish the Barbadian monarchy, removing the Queen of Barbados, Elizabeth II, as the country's sovereign and head of state, making Barbados a republic. She argued that after more than 54 years of independence, it was time for Barbados to "fully leave our colonial past behind".[21] Under her proposal, the country would retain a parliamentary system, with a mostly ceremonial president as head of state.[22] The goal was to conclude the plan by 30 November 2021, the 55th anniversary of the country's independence. Whether the process could be completed by that time was "not clear", according to an investigation of the situation by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in March 2021.[23]
On 27 July 2021, the Day of National Significance in Barbados, Mottley announced that Barbados's cabinet had decided that the country would become a parliamentary republic by 30 November.[24]
On 12 October 2021, incumbent governor-general, Dame Sandra Mason was jointly nominated by Mottley and the leader of the opposition as candidate for the country's first president,[25] and was subsequently elected on 20 October.[26] Mason took office on 30 November 2021 in a ceremony also attended by Charles, Prince of Wales.[27]
Mottley addressed the United Nations General Assembly in New York on 24 September 2021 with a short speech to support UN Secretary-General António Guterres' warnings that the world is moving in the wrong direction. She threw away her original script and instead gave a passionate post in which she called for global, moral leadership in the fight against climate change, economic and technological inequality, racism and unfair distribution of COVID-19 vaccines.[28]
Following her party's landslide victory in the 2022 election, Mottley was sworn in as prime minister for a second term on 20 January.[29]
Mottley was featured on the cover of TIME magazine, the first Barbadian to do so, for their 2022 edition of "100 Most Influential People" for her outspoken advocacy for addressing climate change.[30]
On 20 June 2022, it was reported that Mottley had tested positive for COVID-19.[31] A media statement was released, stating: "It is a mild case and she has indicated that she is doing well."
Mottley hosted a retreat convened in Barbados at the end of July with senior United Nations officials, the Rockefeller and Open Society Foundations, academics and civil society, and other international figures, following which she laid out the "Bridgetown Agenda", offering practical solutions to reform the international financial system in connection with halting climate change .[32][33]
On 23 September 2022, Mottley delivered the inaugural Kofi Annan Memorial Lecture, hosted by the Kofi Annan Foundation, in partnership with the International Peace Institute, Open Society Foundations and International Crisis Group.[34]
In November 2022, Mottley delivered the Nelson Mandela Annual Lecture.[35]
Criticism Edit
Mottley has been criticized in relation to the way the establishment of the republic was handled, without a referendum on the issue having been held. A UWI poll in Barbados found that, although only a minority wanted to retain the British monarch as head of state, most objected to the lack of consultation.[36]
Honours and awards Edit
Mottley is a recipient of the following honours:
- Lifetime Achievement Award (Champions of the Earth) in 2021.[37]
- - Kenya - Elder of the Order of the Golden Heart – EGH, of Kenya (2019)
- - Guyana - Order of Roraima – OR, of Guyana (2020)[38][39]
In December 2020, Mottley was named Person of the Year by Caribbean National Weekly, along with Oliver Mair.[40]
In May 2022, Mottley was named one of "The 100 Most Influential People of 2022" by TIME magazine.[41][42]
In November 2022, the United Nations Foundation announced Mottley as the recipient of one of its annual Global Leadership Awards, honouring her as "Champion for Global Change" in recognition of "her exemplary leadership in fighting for a just, equitable, and sustainable world".[43]
In December 2022, Mottley was named on the BBC's 100 Women list as one of the world's inspiring and influential women of the year,[44] and by the Financial Times on "The FT's 25 most influential women of 2022".[33][45]
Notes Edit
- ^ Merrivale (Shenstone, Pine Road, St. Michael), on its 51st anniversary, closed its doors for good at the end of the summer term 2010, and the property went up for sale because Mrs. Carrington was then 91. All the then current teachers at Merrivale began teaching at the new Westwood in the next school year (2011).
References Edit
- ^ a b "Bishop Atherley now Leader of the Opposition". Barbados Advocate. 2 June 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018 – via barbadosadvocate.com.
- ^ "The Honourable Mia Amor Mottley, SC, MP". pmo.gov.bb. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
- ^ . thedialogue.org. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ a b . caribbeanelections.com. Archived from the original on 12 September 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
- ^ Wyss, Jim (20 January 2022). "Barbados Leader Mia Mottley Re-Elected in Another Landslide". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
- ^ "Mottley Calls Snap Barbados General Election for January 2022". The St Kitts Nevis Observer. 28 December 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ^ Caribbean Monthly Bulletin. Vol. 7–9. Institute of Caribbean Studies, University of Puerto Rico. 1973.
- ^ "LSE alumna Mia Mottley elected Barbados's first female prime minister". lse.ac.uk. LSE. 5 May 2018.
- ^ "Mia A. Mottley", Profiles of Speakers at Mona Academic Conference (31 August 2003), University of the West Indies at Mona, Jamaica.
- ^ Yearwood, Trevor (24 January 2008). . nationnews.com. Archived from the original on 23 June 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2008.
- ^ "Mottley replaces Arthur as opposition leader in Barbados" 14 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Caribbean360, 26 February 2013.
- ^ . nationnews.com. Knowledgewalk Institute. 26 June 2018. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018.
- ^ "Barbados elects Mia Mottley as first woman PM". bbc.co.uk. BBC News. 25 May 2018.
- ^ "Group of 30 :: Resources". group30.org.
- ^ George, Hudson (25 May 2020). "Grenada has an official opposition". Caribbean News Global. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
In 2018, two CARICOM Member States, Grenada and Barbados held general elections with the same electoral results, whereby, one political party won all the seats contested. Grenada's prime minister Dr Keith Mitchell led the New National Party (NNP) retained power in a clean sweep over the New Democratic Congress Party (NDC) while the opposition party Barbados Labour Party (BLP) defeated the Freundel Stuart led Democratic Labour Party government (DLP) in the same clean sweep fashion. However, soon after the BLP was sworn into office, one of its elected members of parliament crossed the floor and become the opposition leader. Recently, in Grenada an elected member of parliament crossed the floor and become the opposition leader.
- ^ "Barbados announced a technical default on coupon of Eurobonds with maturity in 2035". cbonds.com. 7 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ Alleyne, Barry (28 December 2018). . Nation News. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ "ORDER OF SAINT MICHAEL AND SAINT GEORGE K.C.M.G." The London Gazette (y). No. 62508. 29 December 2018. p. N42.
To be an Ordinary Member of the Second Class, or Knight Commander, of the said Most Distinguished Order: Elliott Deighton MOTTLEY, Q.C. For service to the legal profession, to the diplomatic service and to the community
- ^ Alleyne, Barry (28 September 2019). . Nation News. Archived from the original on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ "Barbados - Prime Minister Addresses General Debate, 74th Session". UN Web TV. United Nations. 27 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
- ^ Sharman, Jon (16 September 2020). "Barbados to remove Queen Elizabeth II as head of state and declare republic". The Independent. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ "Barbados PM Mia Mottley's message for Australia as her country prepares to remove Queen Elizabeth as head of state". ABC News (Australia). 17 September 2020.
- ^ D'Souza, Steven (18 March 2021). "Leave the monarchy? In Barbados, that's just the first step on a long path to healing". CBC.ca. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
- ^ "Barbados to become a parliamentary republic by November 30". Loop News. 27 July 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
- ^ "Letter to the Speaker RE Nomination of Her Excellency Dame Sandra Mason as 1st President of Barbados" (PDF). Parliament of Barbados. 12 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ Paterson, Kirsteen (20 October 2021). "Barbados just appointed its first president as it becomes a republic". The National.
- ^ White, Nadine (30 November 2021). "'Slavery was an atrocity,' Prince Charles says as Barbados becomes republic". The Independent. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ^ "Barbados - Prime Minister Addresses General Debate, 76th Session". UN Web TV. United Nations. 24 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
- ^ Kendy (20 January 2022). "Mottley, Marshall sworn in after BLP 30-0 win". Nation News. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi (23 May 2022). "Mia Mottley: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". TIME. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ Clarke, Sherrylyn (20 June 2022). "PM Mottley tests positive for COVID-19". www.nationnews.com. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Mia Mottley builds global coalition to make financial system fit for climate action". Climate Home News. 23 September 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
- ^ a b Lovegrove, Sharmaine (1 December 2022). "The FT's 25 most influential women of 2022". The Financial Times.
- ^ "The Inaugural Kofi Annan Lecture delivered by Hon. Mia Amor Mottley". Kofi Annan Foundation. 23 September 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
- ^ "20th Nelson Mandela Annual Lecture – Nelson Mandela Foundation". www.nelsonmandela.org. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
- ^ Pidd, Helen (20 January 2022). "Barbados PM Mia Mottley who broke with Queen wins landslide second term". The Guardian.
- ^ Programme, UN Environment (3 December 2021). "2021 Champions of the Earth". Champions of the Earth.
- ^ VIDEO: 'Order of Roraima' bestowed on Barbados' PM Mottley on YouTube, Department of Public Information 21 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Guyana, 4 February 2020.
- ^ Chabrol, Denis (22 February 2020). "National Awards announced". demerarawaves.com. Demerara Waves Media Inc.
- ^ "Oliver Mair and Mia Mottley are CNW's 2020 Persons of the Year". Caribbean National Weekly. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
- ^ "TIME 100 Most Influential People 2022". TIME. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
- ^ Noel, Melissa (24 May 2022). "Barbados Prime Minister Mia Mottley Makes Time 100 Most Influential List". Essence. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
- ^ "UN Foundation Honors Global Changemakers at 'We The Peoples' Awards Ceremony – The Hon. Mia Mottley, Prime Minister of Barbados and Forest Whitaker, Founder & Ceo of the Whitaker Peace and Development Initiative among 2022 awardees". New York: United Nations Foundation. 3 November 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
- ^ "BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year? - BBC News". BBC. 6 December 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
- ^ "PM Mottley among Financial Times' 25 most influential women of 2022". Barbados Today. 3 December 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
Further reading Edit
- . Loop News Barbados. Trend Media. 25 May 2018. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
External links Edit
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- , The Nation (23 January 2008).
- , barbadosparliament.com (2008).
- "PM Mottley Interviewed by CNN's Amanpour Show (April 29/20)"
- Mia Mottley, Getty Images
- "Profile: The Honourable Mia Mottley", Nelson Mandela Foundation.
- "Mia Mottley, Prime Minister of Barbados at the Opening of the #COP27 World Leaders Summit", 7 November 2022.