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Hinrich Lichtenstein

Martin H[e]inrich Carl Lichtenstein (10 January 1780 – 2 September 1857) was a German physician, explorer, botanist and zoologist. He explored parts of southern Africa and collected natural history specimens extensively and many new species were described from his collections by European scientists.

Hinrich Lichtenstein
Born
Hinrich Lichtenstein

(1780-01-10)10 January 1780
Died2 September 1857(1857-09-02) (aged 77)

Biography edit

 
Hinrich Lichtenstein ca. 1806

Born in Hamburg, Lichtenstein was the son of Anton August Heinrich Lichtenstein, head of the Johanneum. His father had an interest in eastern languages and built up an extensive library. He took an interest in natural history and geography from an early age, and came into contact with Count Johann Centurius von Hoffmannsegg in 1797 and began to help examine the Count's extensive collections of insects and birds. He then went to study medicine at Jena and Helmstedt and qualified as a doctor in 26 April 1802. He then chose to travel and found work when the Dutch governor of the Cape, General Jan Willem Janssens sought a German tutor for his son. Lichtenstein prepared himself by reading the accounts of travellers like Peter Kolbe, Anders Sparrman, Carl Peter Thunberg, François Le Vaillant and John Barrow. He also met the collectors Johann Hellwig (1743–1831) and Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger (1775–1813) who gave him an overview of the gaps in the knowledge of the flora and fauna of the African region and on methods for collecting specimens. He reached Cape Town on 23 December 1802 and from that point he travelled widely around southern Africa, becoming the personal physician of the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope. In 1811 he published Reisen im südlichen Afrika : in den Jahren 1803, 1804, 1805, und 1806; as a result, he was appointed professor of zoology at the University of Berlin in 1811, and appointed director of the Berlin Zoological Museum in 1813. His collections of plants from Africa was examined in Germany by Carl Willdenow.[1] He travelled to London in 1819 to purchase specimens for the Berlin Museum at auctions.[2]

Lichtenstein was a close friend of Carl Maria von Weber. After his death, in 1826, together with the banker Wilhelm Beer, he arranged for the sale of the score of Oberon to the Berlin music publisher Adolf Martin Schlesinger on behalf of Weber's widow Caroline. As guardian together with Carl Theodor Winkler, he participated in the education of Weber's orphaned sons Max Maria and Alexander.[3][4]

In 1829, Lichtenstein was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was also appointed Privy Councillor in Berlin. He died from a stroke at sea while aboard a steamer from Korsør to Kiel.[5]

Legacy edit

Lichtenstein was responsible for the creation of Berlin's Zoological Gardens in 1841, when he persuaded King Frederick William IV of Prussia to donate the grounds of his pheasantry. He also published Johann Reinhold Forster's manuscripts for Descriptiones animalium in 1844.

In the field of herpetology he described many new species of amphibians[6] and reptiles.[7]

Among species named by Lichtenstein are the Australian king parrot (Alisterus scapularis), the crowned sandgrouse (Pterocles coronatus), and the Cape night adder (Causus rhombeatus).

In 1826, botanists Cham. & Schltdl. published a genus of flowering plants from South Africa, belonging to the family Apiaceae as Lichtensteinia in his honour.[8] A genus Lichtensteinia was also erected by Carl Willdenow but this is a rejected name.[9]

In 1856 Johann Jakob Kaup named the seahorse Hippocampus lichtensteinii after him.[10]

Then in 1859 Italian herpetologist, Giorgio Jan, named the forest night adder (Causus lichtensteinii) in his honor of Hinrich Lichtenstein,[11] as did the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck with Lichtenstein's sandgrouse (Pterocles lichtensteinii ).

Writings edit

Lichtenstein's Reisen im südlichen Afrika in den Jahren 1803, 1804, 1805 und 1806 was translated into English by Anne Plumptre, and published in 1812 as "Travels in Southern Africa in the years 1803, 1804, 1805 and 1806".[12]

  • Reisen im südlichen Afrika. 1803–1806. Mit einer Einführung von Wahrhold Drascher. 1811. 2 Bände (Neudruck: Brockhaus Antiquarium, Stuttgart 1967).
  • Nachrichten von Teneriffa. Ein Fragment aus dem Tagebuche des Hrn. Dr. Lichtenstein auf der Reise von Amsterdam nach dem Vorgebirge der guten Hofnung 1802. Industrie-Comptoirs, Weimar 1806
  • Über die Beetjuanas. Als Nachtrag und Berichtigung zu Barrows Auszug aus Trüters Tagebuch einer Reise zu den Buschwanas. Vom Hrn. Dr. Hinrich Lichtenstein. Industrie-Comptoirs, Weimar 1807
  • Darstellung neuer oder wenig bekannter Säugethiere in Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von 65 Arten auf 50 colorirten Steindrucktafeln, nach den Originalen des Zoologischen Museums der Universität Berlin. Lüderitz, Berlin 1827/34. Text Plates
  • Zur Geschichte der Sing-Akademie in Berlin. Nebst einer Nachricht über das Fest am funfzigsten Jahrestage Ihrer Stiftung und einem alphabetischen Verzeichniss aller Personen, die ihr als Mitglieder angehört haben. Verlag Trautwein, Berlin 1843.

Literature edit

References edit

  1. ^ Näf-Gloor, Sandra (2019). "3 A naturalist's career. Hinrich Lichtenstein (1780–1857)". In Lengwiler, Martin; Penn, Nigel; Harries, Patrick (eds.). Science, Africa and Europe. Processing Information and Creating Knowledge. Routledge. pp. 47–65.
  2. ^ Steinheimer, Frank D. (2008). "Martin Hinrich Carl Lichtenstein and his ornithological purchases at the auction of William Bullock's museum in 1819". Archives of Natural History. 35 (1): 88–99. doi:10.3366/E0260954108000089. ISSN 0260-9541.
  3. ^ "Brief von Caroline von Weber an Hinrich Lichtenstein vom 21. Juni 1826".
  4. ^ "Hofrath Karl Theodor Winkler zum Vormunde verordnet".
  5. ^ Naumannia: Archiv für die Ornithologie Vorzugsweise Europa's : Organ der Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft.
  6. ^ "Lichtenstein". Amphibian Species of the World 5.5. research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology.amphibia.
  7. ^ "Lichtenstein". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  8. ^ "Lichtensteinia Cham. & Schltdl. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  9. ^ Sprague, T. A. (1914). "Loranthus oleaefolius". Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew). 1914 (10): 359–367. doi:10.2307/4119540. ISSN 0366-4457. JSTOR 4119540.
  10. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (22 September 2018). "Order SYNGNATHIFORMES: Families AULOSTOMIDAE, CENTRISCIDAE, FISTULARIIDAE, SOLENOSTOMIDAE and SYNGNATHIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  11. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5.
  12. ^ IDREF.fr (bibliography)
  13. ^ International Plant Names Index.  Licht.

Other sources edit

External links edit

  • Travels in southern Africa in the years 1803, 1804, 1805 and 1806 (English translation, 1812) Volume 1 Volume 2
  • Nomenclator avium Musei zoologici berolinensis: Namenverzeichniss der in der zoologischen Sammlung der Königlichen Universität zu Berlin (1854)

hinrich, lichtenstein, martin, inrich, carl, lichtenstein, january, 1780, september, 1857, german, physician, explorer, botanist, zoologist, explored, parts, southern, africa, collected, natural, history, specimens, extensively, many, species, were, described,. Martin H e inrich Carl Lichtenstein 10 January 1780 2 September 1857 was a German physician explorer botanist and zoologist He explored parts of southern Africa and collected natural history specimens extensively and many new species were described from his collections by European scientists Hinrich LichtensteinBornHinrich Lichtenstein 1780 01 10 10 January 1780Died2 September 1857 1857 09 02 aged 77 Contents 1 Biography 2 Legacy 3 Writings 4 Literature 5 References 6 Other sources 7 External linksBiography edit nbsp Hinrich Lichtenstein ca 1806Born in Hamburg Lichtenstein was the son of Anton August Heinrich Lichtenstein head of the Johanneum His father had an interest in eastern languages and built up an extensive library He took an interest in natural history and geography from an early age and came into contact with Count Johann Centurius von Hoffmannsegg in 1797 and began to help examine the Count s extensive collections of insects and birds He then went to study medicine at Jena and Helmstedt and qualified as a doctor in 26 April 1802 He then chose to travel and found work when the Dutch governor of the Cape General Jan Willem Janssens sought a German tutor for his son Lichtenstein prepared himself by reading the accounts of travellers like Peter Kolbe Anders Sparrman Carl Peter Thunberg Francois Le Vaillant and John Barrow He also met the collectors Johann Hellwig 1743 1831 and Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger 1775 1813 who gave him an overview of the gaps in the knowledge of the flora and fauna of the African region and on methods for collecting specimens He reached Cape Town on 23 December 1802 and from that point he travelled widely around southern Africa becoming the personal physician of the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope In 1811 he published Reisen im sudlichen Afrika in den Jahren 1803 1804 1805 und 1806 as a result he was appointed professor of zoology at the University of Berlin in 1811 and appointed director of the Berlin Zoological Museum in 1813 His collections of plants from Africa was examined in Germany by Carl Willdenow 1 He travelled to London in 1819 to purchase specimens for the Berlin Museum at auctions 2 Lichtenstein was a close friend of Carl Maria von Weber After his death in 1826 together with the banker Wilhelm Beer he arranged for the sale of the score of Oberon to the Berlin music publisher Adolf Martin Schlesinger on behalf of Weber s widow Caroline As guardian together with Carl Theodor Winkler he participated in the education of Weber s orphaned sons Max Maria and Alexander 3 4 In 1829 Lichtenstein was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences He was also appointed Privy Councillor in Berlin He died from a stroke at sea while aboard a steamer from Korsor to Kiel 5 Legacy editSee also Category Taxa named by Hinrich Lichtenstein Lichtenstein was responsible for the creation of Berlin s Zoological Gardens in 1841 when he persuaded King Frederick William IV of Prussia to donate the grounds of his pheasantry He also published Johann Reinhold Forster s manuscripts for Descriptiones animalium in 1844 In the field of herpetology he described many new species of amphibians 6 and reptiles 7 Among species named by Lichtenstein are the Australian king parrot Alisterus scapularis the crowned sandgrouse Pterocles coronatus and the Cape night adder Causus rhombeatus In 1826 botanists Cham amp Schltdl published a genus of flowering plants from South Africa belonging to the family Apiaceae as Lichtensteinia in his honour 8 A genus Lichtensteinia was also erected by Carl Willdenow but this is a rejected name 9 In 1856 Johann Jakob Kaup named the seahorse Hippocampus lichtensteinii after him 10 Then in 1859 Italian herpetologist Giorgio Jan named the forest night adder Causus lichtensteinii in his honor of Hinrich Lichtenstein 11 as did the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck with Lichtenstein s sandgrouse Pterocles lichtensteinii Writings editLichtenstein s Reisen im sudlichen Afrika in den Jahren 1803 1804 1805 und 1806 was translated into English by Anne Plumptre and published in 1812 as Travels in Southern Africa in the years 1803 1804 1805 and 1806 12 Reisen im sudlichen Afrika 1803 1806 Mit einer Einfuhrung von Wahrhold Drascher 1811 2 Bande Neudruck Brockhaus Antiquarium Stuttgart 1967 Nachrichten von Teneriffa Ein Fragment aus dem Tagebuche des Hrn Dr Lichtenstein auf der Reise von Amsterdam nach dem Vorgebirge der guten Hofnung 1802 Industrie Comptoirs Weimar 1806 Uber die Beetjuanas Als Nachtrag und Berichtigung zu Barrows Auszug aus Truters Tagebuch einer Reise zu den Buschwanas Vom Hrn Dr Hinrich Lichtenstein Industrie Comptoirs Weimar 1807 Darstellung neuer oder wenig bekannter Saugethiere in Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von 65 Arten auf 50 colorirten Steindrucktafeln nach den Originalen des Zoologischen Museums der Universitat Berlin Luderitz Berlin 1827 34 Text Plates Zur Geschichte der Sing Akademie in Berlin Nebst einer Nachricht uber das Fest am funfzigsten Jahrestage Ihrer Stiftung und einem alphabetischen Verzeichniss aller Personen die ihr als Mitglieder angehort haben Verlag Trautwein Berlin 1843 Literature editErnst Rudorff Hrsg Briefe von Carl Maria von Weber an Hinrich Lichtenstein Mit drei Portrats drei Abbildungen und sechs Faksimiles George Westermann Braunschweig 1900 VIII Seiten 252 Seiten mit Abb Wilhelm Bolsche Hrsg Neue Welten Die Eroberung der Erde in Darstellungen grosser Naturforscher Anthologie mit Texten von Georg Forster Hinrich Lichtenstein Karl von den Steinen Ferdinand Hochstetter Alfred Russel Wallace Adelbert von Chamisso Alexander von Humboldt und Charles Darwin jeweils mit Einleitung von Wilhelm Bolsche EA Deutsche Bibliothek Berlin 1917 XXIV 644 S 1 Bl Mit 24 Tafeln F D Steinheimer 2008 Martin Hinrich Carl Lichtenstein and his ornithological purchases at the auction of William Bullock s museum in 1819 Archives of Natural History Volume 35 Issue 1 Page 88 99 ISSN 0260 9541 The standard author abbreviation Licht is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name 13 References edit Naf Gloor Sandra 2019 3 A naturalist s career Hinrich Lichtenstein 1780 1857 In Lengwiler Martin Penn Nigel Harries Patrick eds Science Africa and Europe Processing Information and Creating Knowledge Routledge pp 47 65 Steinheimer Frank D 2008 Martin Hinrich Carl Lichtenstein and his ornithological purchases at the auction of William Bullock s museum in 1819 Archives of Natural History 35 1 88 99 doi 10 3366 E0260954108000089 ISSN 0260 9541 Brief von Caroline von Weber an Hinrich Lichtenstein vom 21 Juni 1826 Hofrath Karl Theodor Winkler zum Vormunde verordnet Naumannia Archiv fur die Ornithologie Vorzugsweise Europa s Organ der Deutsche Ornithologen Gesellschaft Lichtenstein Amphibian Species of the World 5 5 research amnh org vz herpetology amphibia Lichtenstein The Reptile Database www reptile database org Lichtensteinia Cham amp Schltdl Plants of the World Online Kew Science Plants of the World Online Retrieved 16 May 2021 Sprague T A 1914 Loranthus oleaefolius Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information Royal Botanic Gardens Kew 1914 10 359 367 doi 10 2307 4119540 ISSN 0366 4457 JSTOR 4119540 Christopher Scharpf amp Kenneth J Lazara 22 September 2018 Order SYNGNATHIFORMES Families AULOSTOMIDAE CENTRISCIDAE FISTULARIIDAE SOLENOSTOMIDAE and SYNGNATHIDAE The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J Lazara Retrieved 9 December 2021 Beolens Bo Watkins Michael Grayson Michael 2011 The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press p 157 ISBN 978 1 4214 0135 5 IDREF fr bibliography International Plant Names Index Licht Other sources editGilman D C Peck H T Colby F M eds 1905 Lichtenstein Martin Heinrich Karl New International Encyclopedia 1st ed New York Dodd Mead External links editTravels in southern Africa in the years 1803 1804 1805 and 1806 English translation 1812 Volume 1 Volume 2 Nomenclator avium Musei zoologici berolinensis Namenverzeichniss der in der zoologischen Sammlung der Koniglichen Universitat zu Berlin 1854 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hinrich Lichtenstein Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hinrich Lichtenstein amp oldid 1166213436, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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