A total solar eclipse occurred on August 18, 1868, also known as "The King of Siam's eclipse". A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide.
Bullock sketch of the eclipse, Total Eclipses of the Sun, 1900.
M. Stephan sketches of the eclipse, Archives des missions scientifiques et littéraires, 1868.
Map of the forecast path of the total eclipse, Archives des missions scientifiques et littéraires, 1868.
Several expeditions were sent to observe the eclipse.
One of two expeditions from Germany was sent to Aden. The expedition was led by Gustav Spörer.[1]
The second expedition was sent to the west coast of India. The expedition was led by Friedrich Tietjen.[2]
Captain Bullock observed from the Celebes sea, sketching the appearance of the corona,[3] while Gustav Fritsch accompanied an expedition to Aden.[4]
Discovery of heliumedit
French astronomer Pierre Janssen observed the eclipse from Guntur in Madras State, British India. It was the first total eclipse since Gustav Kirchhoff's 1859 theory that the Fraunhofer lines in the solar spectrum correspond to the emission line of the different chemical elements present in the Sun. Correspondingly, Janssen observed the eclipse with the aid of a spectroscope. He noticed a bright yellow line (λ = 587.49 nm) in the spectra of the solar prominences that could not be due to sodium as had previously been assumed, and was subsequently able to observe the same line even without the need for an eclipse. The same result was found independently by British astronomer Norman Lockyer, and both Janssen's and Lockyer's communications were presented to the French Academy of Sciences on October 26, 1868.[5][6]
King Mongkut's calculationedit
King Mongkut and party viewing a solar eclipse on the 18 August 1868. The King seated center in the middle of the pavilion, Sir Harry Ord (Governor of the Straits Settlements at Singapore) and the British party stands around, includes royal officials kneeling.
King Mongkut, also known as Rama IV of Siam, was able to calculate and predict the solar eclipse two years earlier.[7] The calculations were correct as to the place, the time and the type of the solar eclipse that would happen. The eclipse took place precisely as the king had predicted, the total phase lasting six minutes and 46 seconds. In fact, his calculations were better — by about two seconds — than those of the French astronomers, who acknowledged his accuracy. Mongkut was exposed to malaria, then developed chills and fever. He died on October 1, 1868.[8] According to the Thai Astronomical Society and NASA, this eclipse is known as "The King of Siam's eclipse".[7][9]
^Gustav Spoerer (1869). Die Reise nach Indien zur Beobachtung der totalen Sonnenfinsterniss am 18. August 1868: Vortrag gehalten in der Singakademie zu Berlin am 16. Januar 1869. Engelmann.
^Edward Walter Maunder, British Astronomical Association (1899). The Indian Eclipse, 1898: Report of the Expeditions Organized by the British Astronomical Association to Observe the Total Solar Eclipse of 1898 January 22. Hazell, Watson, and Viney. p. 113.
^Leggett, Hadley (August 18, 2009), Aug. 18, 1868: Helium Discovered During Total Solar Eclipse, wired.com, retrieved 2010-03-18.
^"Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences", C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 67: 836–841, 1868.
^ ab๒๐๐ ปี พระบาทสมเด็จพระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว พระบิดาแห่งวิทยาศาสตร์ไทย. (in Thai)
^Montes-Bradley, Saul M.; Bradley, W.L. (10 January 2006). "Descendants of Danyell Broadley de West Morton" (964-word excerpt from Siam then, the foreign colony in Bangkok before and after Anna, Pasadena, California, 1981.). Eighth Generation. Thomas Osgood Bradley Foundation. from the original on 2015-02-10. Retrieved 9 August 2013. King Mongkut's prediction surpassed those of European scientists. "In the 19th century, King Mongkut of Siam (now Thailand), an amateur astronomer, paid the ultimate price for eclipse-chasing: his life.
^Candey, Robert. M. (28 Sep 2009). "Solar Eclipses of Historical Interest". NASA. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
Referencesedit
NASA chart graphics
Googlemap
NASA Besselian elements
www.starwrite.org: Solar Astronomy in 1868 2011-07-28 at the Wayback Machine
Observations of the Total Solar Eclipse of August 18, 1868 by Charles G. Perrins
Drawing of Corona
Mabel Loomis Todd (1900). Total Eclipses of the Sun. Little, Brown.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Solar eclipse of 1868 August 18.
March 13, 2024
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A total solar eclipse occurred on August 18 1868 also known as The King of Siam s eclipse A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon s apparent diameter is larger than the Sun s blocking all direct sunlight turning day into darkness Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth s surface with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide Solar eclipse of August 18 1868MapType of eclipseNatureTotalGamma 0 0443Magnitude1 0756Maximum eclipseDuration407 s 6 min 47 s Coordinates10 36 N 102 12 E 10 6 N 102 2 E 10 6 102 2Max width of band245 km 152 mi Times UTC Greatest eclipse5 12 10ReferencesSaros133 37 of 72 Catalog SE5000 9207The eclipse was predicted more precisely by King Mongkut of Thailand than it was by French astronomers The eclipse allowed for the discovery of helium by both Pierre Janssen and Norman Lockyer who observed Solar prominences with spectroscopes Contents 1 Observations 1 1 Discovery of helium 1 2 King Mongkut s calculation 2 Related eclipses 2 1 Inex series 3 Notes 4 ReferencesObservations edit nbsp nbsp Fritsch nbsp Bullock nbsp Rennoldson nbsp Herschel nbsp Tietjen nbsp Sporer nbsp Tennant nbsp Tisserand nbsp Hennesyclass notpageimage Observation points of the solar eclipse nbsp Bullock sketch of the eclipse Total Eclipses of the Sun 1900 nbsp M Stephan sketches of the eclipse Archives des missions scientifiques et litteraires 1868 nbsp Map of the forecast path of the total eclipse Archives des missions scientifiques et litteraires 1868 Several expeditions were sent to observe the eclipse One of two expeditions from Germany was sent to Aden The expedition was led by Gustav Sporer 1 The second expedition was sent to the west coast of India The expedition was led by Friedrich Tietjen 2 Captain Bullock observed from the Celebes sea sketching the appearance of the corona 3 while Gustav Fritsch accompanied an expedition to Aden 4 Discovery of helium edit French astronomer Pierre Janssen observed the eclipse from Guntur in Madras State British India It was the first total eclipse since Gustav Kirchhoff s 1859 theory that the Fraunhofer lines in the solar spectrum correspond to the emission line of the different chemical elements present in the Sun Correspondingly Janssen observed the eclipse with the aid of a spectroscope He noticed a bright yellow line l 587 49 nm in the spectra of the solar prominences that could not be due to sodium as had previously been assumed and was subsequently able to observe the same line even without the need for an eclipse The same result was found independently by British astronomer Norman Lockyer and both Janssen s and Lockyer s communications were presented to the French Academy of Sciences on October 26 1868 5 6 King Mongkut s calculation edit nbsp King Mongkut and party viewing a solar eclipse on the 18 August 1868 The King seated center in the middle of the pavilion Sir Harry Ord Governor of the Straits Settlements at Singapore and the British party stands around includes royal officials kneeling King Mongkut also known as Rama IV of Siam was able to calculate and predict the solar eclipse two years earlier 7 The calculations were correct as to the place the time and the type of the solar eclipse that would happen The eclipse took place precisely as the king had predicted the total phase lasting six minutes and 46 seconds In fact his calculations were better by about two seconds than those of the French astronomers who acknowledged his accuracy Mongkut was exposed to malaria then developed chills and fever He died on October 1 1868 8 According to the Thai Astronomical Society and NASA this eclipse is known as The King of Siam s eclipse 7 9 Related eclipses editIt is a part of solar Saros 133 Inex series edit Solar Inex series 2013 May 10 Saros 131 Annular Solar Eclipse of 1810 Sep 28 Saros 132 Annular Solar Eclipse of 1839 Sep 07 Saros 133 Total Solar Eclipse of 1868 Aug 18 Saros 134 Annular Solar Eclipse of 1897 Jul 29 Saros 135 Annular Solar Eclipse of 1926 Jul 09 Saros 136 Total Solar Eclipse of 1955 Jun 20 Saros 137 Annular Solar Eclipse of 1984 May 30 Saros 138 Annular Solar Eclipse of 2013 May 10 Saros 139 Total Solar Eclipse of 2042 Apr 20 Saros 140 Annular Solar Eclipse of 2071 Mar 31 Saros 141 Annular Solar Eclipse of 2100 Mar 10 Saros 142 Total Solar Eclipse of 2129 Feb 18 Saros 143 Annular Solar Eclipse of 2158 Jan 30 Saros 144 Annular Solar Eclipse of 2187 Jan 09Notes edit Gustav Spoerer 1869 Die Reise nach Indien zur Beobachtung der totalen Sonnenfinsterniss am 18 August 1868 Vortrag gehalten in der Singakademie zu Berlin am 16 Januar 1869 Engelmann Zeitschrift D Reimer 1870 pp 608 Edward Walter Maunder British Astronomical Association 1899 The Indian Eclipse 1898 Report of the Expeditions Organized by the British Astronomical Association to Observe the Total Solar Eclipse of 1898 January 22 Hazell Watson and Viney p 113 Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa Leggett Hadley August 18 2009 Aug 18 1868 Helium Discovered During Total Solar Eclipse wired com retrieved 2010 03 18 Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l Academie des sciences C R Acad Sci Paris 67 836 841 1868 a b 200 pi phrabathsmedcphracxmeklaecaxyuhw phrabidaaehngwithyasastrithy in Thai Montes Bradley Saul M Bradley W L 10 January 2006 Descendants of Danyell Broadley de West Morton 964 word excerpt from Siam then the foreign colony in Bangkok before and after Anna Pasadena California 1981 Eighth Generation Thomas Osgood Bradley Foundation Archived from the original on 2015 02 10 Retrieved 9 August 2013 King Mongkut s prediction surpassed those of European scientists In the 19th century King Mongkut of Siam now Thailand an amateur astronomer paid the ultimate price for eclipse chasing his life Candey Robert M 28 Sep 2009 Solar Eclipses of Historical Interest NASA Retrieved 25 April 2017 References editNASA chart graphics Googlemap NASA Besselian elements www starwrite org Solar Astronomy in 1868 Archived 2011 07 28 at the Wayback Machine Observations of the Total Solar Eclipse of August 18 1868 by Charles G Perrins Drawing of Corona Mabel Loomis Todd 1900 Total Eclipses of the Sun Little Brown nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Solar eclipse of 1868 August 18 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Solar eclipse of August 18 1868 amp oldid 1184268185, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
