Margaret Hughes (29 May 1630 – 1 October 1719), also Peg Hughes or Margaret Hewes, was an English actress who is often credited as the first professional actress on the English stage, as a result of her appearance on 8 December 1660.[1] Hughes was the mistress of the English Civil War general Prince Rupert of the Rhine.
Hughes became an actress during a period of great change in English drama which had suffered greatly during the English Civil War and the Interregnum, being banned by the Puritan Long Parliament in 1642.[2] This ban was finally lifted upon the Restoration of King Charles II. Charles was a keen theatre-goer, and promptly gave two royal patents to Sir Thomas Killigrew and Sir William Davenant.[2] During the Renaissance women did not appear as actresses on the stage; instead, male actors played female roles. There were also concerns over this practice encouraging "unnatural vice", i.e. homosexuality, which reinforced Charles in his decision in 1662 to issue a royal warrant declaring that all female roles should be played only by actresses.[3] Killigrew and Davenant began casting women almost immediately following the Restoration[3] and, once women began appearing professionally on the stage in the early 1660s, they won quick acceptance. Killigrew staged an all-female-cast production of his own play The Parson's Wedding in 1664 and again in 1672.
The Dorset Garden Theatre of the Duke's Company of actors, where Hughes spent a busy season in 1676.
At the age of 30, Hughes made theatre history by becoming the first woman known to perform on an English stage,[4][5] when on 8 December 1660, she played the role of Desdemona in Shakespeare's play Othello, in a production by Thomas Killigrew's new King's Company at their Vere Street theatre.[6] Some historians identify Anne Marshall as the first actress to step onto the English stage.[7] However, there has been much analysis of the early recollections of John Downes, whose memories of the 1660s form a key part of Hughes' claim in this regard.[8]
Personal life
Portrait of Hughes, with breast exposed, c. 1670 by Peter Lely
Hughes was famous for her charms as an actress; diarist Samuel Pepys considered her "a mighty pretty woman",[9] and she was said to be "a great beauty, with dark ringletted hair, a fine figure, and particularly good legs".[10] Pepys suggested that she was a lover of Sir Charles Sedley, a noted dramatist and "famous fop", in the 1660s; she was reportedly also involved with Charles II himself, if only briefly.[9] It is believed that Hughes had an illegitimate son named Arthur, but there is no conclusive evidence of this.[10]
Most famously, however, Hughes became associated with Prince Rupert, Duke of Cumberland (sometimes known as "Rupert of the Rhine"), as his lover. Rupert fell in love with her in the late 1660s, although Hughes appears to have held out reciprocating his attentions with the aim of negotiating a suitable settlement.[10] Prince Rupert was one of the most senior members of the royal family at court, and Hughes rapidly received advancement through his patronage; she became a member of the King's Company by 1669, giving her status and immunity from arrest for debt, and was painted four times by Sir Peter Lely, the foremost court artist of the day.[11]
Despite being encouraged to do so,[10] Rupert did not formally marry Hughes, but acknowledged their daughter, Ruperta (later Howe), born in 1673.[12] Hughes lived an expensive lifestyle during the 1670s, enjoying gambling and jewels; Rupert gave her at least £20,000 worth of jewellery during their relationship, including several items from the Palatinate royal collection.[13] The two appear to have been close – Prince Rupert's older brother, Charles Louis, Elector Palatine, once sounded out Rupert as to his willingness to return to the Rhineland and marry appropriately, but his suggestion was rejected. Hughes continued to act even after Ruperta's birth, returning to the stage in 1676 with the prestigious Duke's Company at the Dorset Garden Theatre, near the Strand in London. The next year Rupert established Hughes in a "grand building" worth £25,000 that he bought in Hammersmith from Sir Nicholas Crispe.[12]
Prince Rupert died in 1682, leaving most of his estate, worth some £12,000, equally to Hughes and Ruperta.[14] Hughes had an "uncomfortable widowhood"[14] without Rupert's support, allegedly not helped by her continued gambling.[15] Presents from Rupert such as Elizabeth of Bohemia's earrings were sold to the Duchess of Marlborough, whilst a pearl necklace given by Rupert's father to Hughes was sold to fellow actress Nell Gwyn. Hughes sold the house in Hammersmith to two London merchants, Timothy Lannoy and George Treadwell; ultimately it was purchased by the Margrave of Brandenburg-Anspach and became known as Brandenburg (or Brandenburgh) House.[14] Hughes' daughter, Ruperta, ultimately married Emanuel Scrope Howe, future MP and English general.[14]
Hughes left the stage for Prince Rupert in 1669 or 1670. In 1676 she emerged from retirement for one busy year with the Duke's Company. For that company, she played:
A one-act play about Margaret Hughes, entitled The First Actress, was performed in 1911, at the Kingsway Theatre in London, by a group of suffragette actresses who called themselves the Pioneer Players. Ellen Terry played Nell Gwyn in this production.[18]
Jeffrey Hatcher wrote a play about Edward Kynaston entitled Compleat Female Stage Beauty (2000), and later adapted his play for the 2004 film Stage Beauty, directed by Richard Eyre and starring Claire Danes as Hughes. Hughes's first stage appearance is also discussed in the 2015 play Nell Gwynn, but she remains an offstage character. Hughes is the main character of Diana Norman's historical novel The Vizard Mask (1994). She is depicted as a stuttering American Puritan, Penitence Hurd, who becomes a successful Restoration actress.
Notes and references
^The national qualification is essential. The earliest kabuki performers in Japan in 1603 were women. An Italian actress was reported as early as 1565–66; see Rennert, Spanish Stage, p. 140. Thomas Coryate, in Coryate's Crudities, noted actresses in Venice in 1611; see Halliday, Shakespeare Companion, p. 22. For amateur precedents, see: Tempe Restored;The Shepherd's Paradise.
^"The First Actress". palindrome. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
Bibliography
Gilder, Rosamond. Enter the Actress: The First Women in the Theatre. Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1931.
Halliday, F. E., A Shakespeare Companion 1564–1964. Baltimore, Penguin, 1964.
Highfill, Philip H., Kalman A. Burnim and Edward A. Langhans. Volume 8 of A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660–1800. Southern Illinois University Press, 1982.
Howe, Elizabeth. The First English Actresses: Women and Drama, 1660–1700. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Rennert, Hugo Albert. The Spanish Stage in the Time of Lope de Vega. Hispanic Society of America, 1909.
Thomson, Peter, et al., eds. The Cambridge History of British Drama. 3 Volumes, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Wilson, John Harold. All the King's Ladies: Actress of the Restoration. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1958
Macqueen-Pope, W. Ladies First; the Story of Woman's Conquest of the British Stage. London: Allen, 1952
January 05, 2023
margaret, hughes, sportswriter, sportswriter, other, people, disambiguation, 1630, october, 1719, also, hughes, margaret, hewes, english, actress, often, credited, first, professional, actress, english, stage, result, appearance, december, 1660, hughes, mistre. For the sportswriter see Margaret Hughes sportswriter For other people see Margaret Hughes disambiguation Margaret Hughes 29 May 1630 1 October 1719 also Peg Hughes or Margaret Hewes was an English actress who is often credited as the first professional actress on the English stage as a result of her appearance on 8 December 1660 1 Hughes was the mistress of the English Civil War general Prince Rupert of the Rhine Margaret HughesPortrait by Sir Peter Lely 1672Born 1630 05 29 29 May 1630Died1 October 1719 1719 10 01 aged 89 Eltham Kent EnglandOccupationActressPartnerPrince Rupert of the RhineChildren2 Contents 1 Women in Restoration drama 2 Personal life 3 Professional career 4 In popular culture 5 Notes and references 6 BibliographyWomen in Restoration drama EditHughes became an actress during a period of great change in English drama which had suffered greatly during the English Civil War and the Interregnum being banned by the Puritan Long Parliament in 1642 2 This ban was finally lifted upon the Restoration of King Charles II Charles was a keen theatre goer and promptly gave two royal patents to Sir Thomas Killigrew and Sir William Davenant 2 During the Renaissance women did not appear as actresses on the stage instead male actors played female roles There were also concerns over this practice encouraging unnatural vice i e homosexuality which reinforced Charles in his decision in 1662 to issue a royal warrant declaring that all female roles should be played only by actresses 3 Killigrew and Davenant began casting women almost immediately following the Restoration 3 and once women began appearing professionally on the stage in the early 1660s they won quick acceptance Killigrew staged an all female cast production of his own play The Parson s Wedding in 1664 and again in 1672 The Dorset Garden Theatre of the Duke s Company of actors where Hughes spent a busy season in 1676 At the age of 30 Hughes made theatre history by becoming the first woman known to perform on an English stage 4 5 when on 8 December 1660 she played the role of Desdemona in Shakespeare s play Othello in a production by Thomas Killigrew s new King s Company at their Vere Street theatre 6 Some historians identify Anne Marshall as the first actress to step onto the English stage 7 However there has been much analysis of the early recollections of John Downes whose memories of the 1660s form a key part of Hughes claim in this regard 8 Personal life Edit Portrait of Hughes with breast exposed c 1670 by Peter Lely Hughes was famous for her charms as an actress diarist Samuel Pepys considered her a mighty pretty woman 9 and she was said to be a great beauty with dark ringletted hair a fine figure and particularly good legs 10 Pepys suggested that she was a lover of Sir Charles Sedley a noted dramatist and famous fop in the 1660s she was reportedly also involved with Charles II himself if only briefly 9 It is believed that Hughes had an illegitimate son named Arthur but there is no conclusive evidence of this 10 Margaret Hughes lover and partner Prince Rupert Duke of Cumberland by Simon Verelst Most famously however Hughes became associated with Prince Rupert Duke of Cumberland sometimes known as Rupert of the Rhine as his lover Rupert fell in love with her in the late 1660s although Hughes appears to have held out reciprocating his attentions with the aim of negotiating a suitable settlement 10 Prince Rupert was one of the most senior members of the royal family at court and Hughes rapidly received advancement through his patronage she became a member of the King s Company by 1669 giving her status and immunity from arrest for debt and was painted four times by Sir Peter Lely the foremost court artist of the day 11 Despite being encouraged to do so 10 Rupert did not formally marry Hughes but acknowledged their daughter Ruperta later Howe born in 1673 12 Hughes lived an expensive lifestyle during the 1670s enjoying gambling and jewels Rupert gave her at least 20 000 worth of jewellery during their relationship including several items from the Palatinate royal collection 13 The two appear to have been close Prince Rupert s older brother Charles Louis Elector Palatine once sounded out Rupert as to his willingness to return to the Rhineland and marry appropriately but his suggestion was rejected Hughes continued to act even after Ruperta s birth returning to the stage in 1676 with the prestigious Duke s Company at the Dorset Garden Theatre near the Strand in London The next year Rupert established Hughes in a grand building worth 25 000 that he bought in Hammersmith from Sir Nicholas Crispe 12 Prince Rupert died in 1682 leaving most of his estate worth some 12 000 equally to Hughes and Ruperta 14 Hughes had an uncomfortable widowhood 14 without Rupert s support allegedly not helped by her continued gambling 15 Presents from Rupert such as Elizabeth of Bohemia s earrings were sold to the Duchess of Marlborough whilst a pearl necklace given by Rupert s father to Hughes was sold to fellow actress Nell Gwyn Hughes sold the house in Hammersmith to two London merchants Timothy Lannoy and George Treadwell ultimately it was purchased by the Margrave of Brandenburg Anspach and became known as Brandenburg or Brandenburgh House 14 Hughes daughter Ruperta ultimately married Emanuel Scrope Howe future MP and English general 14 Hughes died in 1719 16 Professional career EditHughes certainly played Desdemona in the performance of Othello seen by Samuel Pepys on 6 February 1669 She also played St Catherine in John Dryden s Tyrannick Love Panura in John Fletcher s The Island Princess She probably played Theodocia in Dryden s An Evening s Love Angellina in James Shirley s The Sisters Hughes left the stage for Prince Rupert in 1669 or 1670 In 1676 she emerged from retirement for one busy year with the Duke s Company For that company she played Octavia in Edward Ravenscroft s The Wrangling Lovers Gerana in Elkanah Settle s Pastor Fido Mirva in Elkanah Settle s Ibrahim Mrs Moneylove in Thomas Rawlins s Tom Essence Charmion in Sir Charles Sedley s Antony and Cleopatra Valeria in Aphra Behn s The Rover Leonora in Thomas Porter s The French Conjuror Cordelia in Thomas d Urfey s A Fond Husband 17 In popular culture EditA one act play about Margaret Hughes entitled The First Actress was performed in 1911 at the Kingsway Theatre in London by a group of suffragette actresses who called themselves the Pioneer Players Ellen Terry played Nell Gwyn in this production 18 Jeffrey Hatcher wrote a play about Edward Kynaston entitled Compleat Female Stage Beauty 2000 and later adapted his play for the 2004 film Stage Beauty directed by Richard Eyre and starring Claire Danes as Hughes Hughes s first stage appearance is also discussed in the 2015 play Nell Gwynn but she remains an offstage character Hughes is the main character of Diana Norman s historical novel The Vizard Mask 1994 She is depicted as a stuttering American Puritan Penitence Hurd who becomes a successful Restoration actress Notes and references Edit The national qualification is essential The earliest kabuki performers in Japan in 1603 were women An Italian actress was reported as early as 1565 66 see Rennert Spanish Stage p 140 Thomas Coryate in Coryate s Crudities noted actresses in Venice in 1611 see Halliday Shakespeare Companion p 22 For amateur precedents see Tempe Restored The Shepherd s Paradise a b Spencer p 314 a b Spencer p 315 Margaret Hughes first lady of the stage Madame Guillotine 8 December 2010 Archived from the original on 23 March 2016 Retrieved 17 March 2016 Pope W Macqueen 1952 First Ladies London W H Allen pp 35 36 Halliday Shakespeare Companion p 347 Howe p 24 Gilder p 166 See Highfill Burnim and Langhans p 24 for an extended analysis of the various claims here a b Highfill Burnim and Langhans p 24 a b c d Spencer p 318 Spencer p 318 Highfill Burnim and Langhans p 26 a b Spencer p 319 Spencer pp 320 367 a b c d Spencer p 366 Highfill Burnim and Langhans p 26 Highfill Burnim and Langhans p 24 Spencer p 367 Wilson p 149 The First Actress palindrome Retrieved 8 December 2021 Bibliography EditGilder Rosamond Enter the Actress The First Women in the Theatre Boston Houghton Mifflin 1931 Halliday F E A Shakespeare Companion 1564 1964 Baltimore Penguin 1964 Highfill Philip H Kalman A Burnim and Edward A Langhans Volume 8 of A Biographical Dictionary of Actors Actresses Musicians Dancers Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London 1660 1800 Southern Illinois University Press 1982 Howe Elizabeth The First English Actresses Women and Drama 1660 1700 Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1992 Rennert Hugo Albert The Spanish Stage in the Time of Lope de Vega Hispanic Society of America 1909 Spencer Charles Prince Rupert The Last Cavalier London Phoenix 2007 ISBN 978 0 7538 2401 6 Thomson Peter et al eds The Cambridge History of British Drama 3 Volumes Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2004 Wilson John Harold All the King s Ladies Actress of the Restoration Chicago University of Chicago Press 1958 Macqueen Pope W Ladies First the Story of Woman s Conquest of the British Stage London Allen 1952 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Margaret Hughes amp oldid 1126502056, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
