Macrobrachium rosenbergii, also known as the giant river prawn or giant freshwater prawn, is a commercially important species of palaemonid freshwater prawn. It is found throughout the tropical and subtropical areas of the Indo-Pacific region, from India to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia.[2] The giant freshwater prawn has also been introduced to parts of Africa, Thailand, China, Japan, New Zealand, the Americas, and the Caribbean.[3] It is one of the biggest freshwater prawns in the world, and is widely cultivated in several countries for food.[2] While M. rosenbergii is considered a freshwater species, the larval stage of the animal depends on brackish water.[4] Once the individual shrimp has grown beyond the planktonic stage and becomes a juvenile, it lives entirely in fresh water.[4]
It is also known as the Malaysian prawn, freshwater scampi (India), or cherabin (Australia). Locally, it is known as golda chingri (Bengali: গলদা চিংড়ি) in Bangladesh and India, udanggalah in Indonesia and Malaysia, uwáng or uláng in the Philippines, and koong mae nam or koong ghram gram in Thailand.[3]
Grilled giant river prawns in Thai cuisine, each (whole) prawn weighing around 500 g
M. rosenbergii can grow to a length over 30 cm (12 in).[5] They are predominantly brownish in colour, but can vary. Smaller individuals may be greenish and display faint vertical stripes. The rostrum is very prominent and contains 11 to 14 dorsal teeth and 8 to 11 ventral teeth. The first pair of walking legs (pereiopods) is elongated and very thin, ending in delicate claws (chelipeds), which are used as feeding appendages. The second pair of walking legs are much larger and powerful, especially in males. The movable claws of the second pair of walking legs are distinctively covered in dense bristles (setae) that give them a velvety appearance. The color of the claws in males varies according to their social dominance.[2][3]
Females can be distinguished from males by their wider abdomens and smaller second pereiopods. The genital openings are found on the body segments containing the fifth pereiopods and the third pereiopods in males and females, respectively.[2][3]
Morphotypes
Three different morphotypes of males exist.[6] The first stage is called "small male" (SM); this smallest stage has short, nearly translucent claws. If conditions allow, small males grow and metamorphose into "orange claws" (OC), which have large orange claws on their second chelipeds, which may have a length of 0.8 to 1.4 times their body size.[6] OC males later may transform into the third and final stage, the "blue claw" (BC) males. These have blue claws, and their second chelipeds may become twice as long as their bodies.[4][6]
Males of M. rosenbergii have a strict hierarchy; the territorial BC males dominate the OCs, which in turn dominate the SMs.[6] The presence of BC males inhibits the growth of SMs and delays the metamorphosis of OCs into BCs; an OC keeps growing until it is larger than the largest BC male in its neighbourhood before transforming.[6] All three male stages are sexually active, and females that have undergone their premating moult co-operate with any male to reproduce. BC males protect the females until their shells have hardened; OCs and SMs show no such behaviour.[6]
Lifecycle
In mating, the male deposits spermatophores on the underside of the female's thorax, between the walking legs. The female then extrudes eggs, which pass through the spermatophores. The female carries the fertilised eggs with her until they hatch; the time may vary, but is generally less than 3 weeks. Females lay 10,000–50,000 eggs up to five times per year.[4]
From these eggs hatch zoeae, the first larval stage of crustaceans. They go through several larval stages in brackish water before metamorphosing into postlarvae, at which stage they are 0.28–0.39 in (7.1–9.9 mm) long and resemble adults.[4] This metamorphosis usually takes place about 32 to 35 days after hatching.[4] These postlarvae then migrate back into fresh water.
References
^De Grave, S.; Shy, J.; Wowor, D.; Page, T. (2013). "Macrobrachium rosenbergii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T197873A2503520. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T197873A2503520.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^ abcdH. Motoh & K. Kuronuma (1980). Field guide for the edible crustacea of the Philippines. Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC). p. 44. from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
^ abcd"Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn)". CABI. from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
^ abcdefForrest Wynne (May 2000). . Archived from the original on 21 August 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2005.
^T. Y. Chan (1998). "Shrimps and Prawns". In Kent E. Carpenter; Volker H. Niem (eds.). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 2: Cephalopods, Crustaceans, Holothurians and Sharks(PDF). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Food and Agriculture Organization. ISBN92-5-104051-6.[permanent dead link]
^ abcdefA. Barki; I. Karplus & M. Goren (1991). "Morphotype related dominance hierarchies in males of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Crustacea, Palaemonidae)". Behaviour. 117 (3/4): 145–160. doi:10.1163/156853991x00508. JSTOR 4534936.
External links
How to Know Gender of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Macrobrachium rosenbergii diet.
Prove Macrobrachium rosenbergii can upsize in wild.
Media related to Macrobrachium rosenbergii at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Macrobrachium rosenbergii at Wikispecies
December 28, 2022
macrobrachium, rosenbergii, also, known, giant, river, prawn, giant, freshwater, prawn, commercially, important, species, palaemonid, freshwater, prawn, found, throughout, tropical, subtropical, areas, indo, pacific, region, from, india, southeast, asia, north. Macrobrachium rosenbergii also known as the giant river prawn or giant freshwater prawn is a commercially important species of palaemonid freshwater prawn It is found throughout the tropical and subtropical areas of the Indo Pacific region from India to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia 2 The giant freshwater prawn has also been introduced to parts of Africa Thailand China Japan New Zealand the Americas and the Caribbean 3 It is one of the biggest freshwater prawns in the world and is widely cultivated in several countries for food 2 While M rosenbergii is considered a freshwater species the larval stage of the animal depends on brackish water 4 Once the individual shrimp has grown beyond the planktonic stage and becomes a juvenile it lives entirely in fresh water 4 Macrobrachium rosenbergiiConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaSubphylum CrustaceaClass MalacostracaOrder DecapodaSuborder PleocyemataInfraorder CarideaFamily PalaemonidaeGenus MacrobrachiumSpecies M rosenbergiiBinomial nameMacrobrachium rosenbergiiDe Man 1879It is also known as the Malaysian prawn freshwater scampi India or cherabin Australia Locally it is known as golda chingri Bengali গলদ চ ড in Bangladesh and India udang galah in Indonesia and Malaysia uwang or ulang in the Philippines and koong mae nam orkoong ghram gram in Thailand 3 Contents 1 Description 1 1 Morphotypes 2 Lifecycle 3 References 4 External linksDescription Edit Grilled giant river prawns in Thai cuisine each whole prawn weighing around 500 g M rosenbergii can grow to a length over 30 cm 12 in 5 They are predominantly brownish in colour but can vary Smaller individuals may be greenish and display faint vertical stripes The rostrum is very prominent and contains 11 to 14 dorsal teeth and 8 to 11 ventral teeth The first pair of walking legs pereiopods is elongated and very thin ending in delicate claws chelipeds which are used as feeding appendages The second pair of walking legs are much larger and powerful especially in males The movable claws of the second pair of walking legs are distinctively covered in dense bristles setae that give them a velvety appearance The color of the claws in males varies according to their social dominance 2 3 Females can be distinguished from males by their wider abdomens and smaller second pereiopods The genital openings are found on the body segments containing the fifth pereiopods and the third pereiopods in males and females respectively 2 3 Morphotypes Edit Three different morphotypes of males exist 6 The first stage is called small male SM this smallest stage has short nearly translucent claws If conditions allow small males grow and metamorphose into orange claws OC which have large orange claws on their second chelipeds which may have a length of 0 8 to 1 4 times their body size 6 OC males later may transform into the third and final stage the blue claw BC males These have blue claws and their second chelipeds may become twice as long as their bodies 4 6 Males of M rosenbergii have a strict hierarchy the territorial BC males dominate the OCs which in turn dominate the SMs 6 The presence of BC males inhibits the growth of SMs and delays the metamorphosis of OCs into BCs an OC keeps growing until it is larger than the largest BC male in its neighbourhood before transforming 6 All three male stages are sexually active and females that have undergone their premating moult co operate with any male to reproduce BC males protect the females until their shells have hardened OCs and SMs show no such behaviour 6 Lifecycle EditIn mating the male deposits spermatophores on the underside of the female s thorax between the walking legs The female then extrudes eggs which pass through the spermatophores The female carries the fertilised eggs with her until they hatch the time may vary but is generally less than 3 weeks Females lay 10 000 50 000 eggs up to five times per year 4 From these eggs hatch zoeae the first larval stage of crustaceans They go through several larval stages in brackish water before metamorphosing into postlarvae at which stage they are 0 28 0 39 in 7 1 9 9 mm long and resemble adults 4 This metamorphosis usually takes place about 32 to 35 days after hatching 4 These postlarvae then migrate back into fresh water References Edit De Grave S Shy J Wowor D Page T 2013 Macrobrachium rosenbergii IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013 e T197873A2503520 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2013 1 RLTS T197873A2503520 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 a b c d H Motoh amp K Kuronuma 1980 Field guide for the edible crustacea of the Philippines Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center SEAFDEC p 44 Archived from the original on 1 December 2017 Retrieved 23 December 2016 a b c d Macrobrachium rosenbergii giant freshwater prawn CABI Archived from the original on 23 December 2016 Retrieved 23 December 2016 a b c d e f Forrest Wynne May 2000 Grow out culture of freshwater prawns in Kentucky Archived from the original on 21 August 2008 Retrieved 4 July 2005 T Y Chan 1998 Shrimps and Prawns In Kent E Carpenter Volker H Niem eds The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific Volume 2 Cephalopods Crustaceans Holothurians and Sharks PDF FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes Food and Agriculture Organization ISBN 92 5 104051 6 permanent dead link a b c d e f A Barki I Karplus amp M Goren 1991 Morphotype related dominance hierarchies in males of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Crustacea Palaemonidae Behaviour 117 3 4 145 160 doi 10 1163 156853991x00508 JSTOR 4534936 External links EditHow to Know Gender of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Macrobrachium rosenbergii diet Prove Macrobrachium rosenbergii can upsize in wild How to cath Macrobrachium rosenbergii FAO Fisheries amp Aquaculture Macrobrachium rosenbergii Aquaculture of Texas Media related to Macrobrachium rosenbergii at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Macrobrachium rosenbergii at Wikispecies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Macrobrachium rosenbergii amp oldid 1112089499, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
