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Lwów–Warsaw school

April 11, 2024

The Lwów–Warsaw School[1][2][3][4] (Polish: Szkoła Lwowsko-Warszawska) was an interdisciplinary school (mainly philosophy, logic and psychology) founded by Kazimierz Twardowski in 1895 in Lemberg, Austro-Hungary (Polish: Lwów; now Lviv, Ukraine).[5]

Though its members represented a variety of disciplines, from mathematics through logic to psychology, the Lwów–Warsaw School is widely considered to have been a philosophical movement.[6] It has produced some of the leading logicians of the twentieth century such as Jan Łukasiewicz, Stanisław Leśniewski, and Alfred Tarski, among others.[7] Its members did not only contribute to the techniques of logic but also to various domains that belong to the philosophy of language.[8]

History edit

 
Kazimierz Twardowski

Polish philosophy and the Lwów–Warsaw school were considerably influenced by Franz Brentano and his pupils Kazimierz Twardowski, Anton Marty, Alexius Meinong, and Edmund Husserl. Twardowski founded the philosophical school when he became the chair of the Lviv University.[9]

Principal topics of interest to the Lwów–Warsaw school included formal ontology, mereology, and universal or categorial grammar.

The Lwów-Warsaw School began as a general philosophical school but steadily moved toward logic. The Lwów–Warsaw school of logic lay at the origin of Polish logic and was closely associated with or was part of the Warsaw School of Mathematics. According to Jan Woleński, a decisive factor in the school's development was the view that the future of the Polish school of mathematics depended on the research connected with the new branches of the field such as set theory and topology, which are closely related to mathematical logic.[10] The "philosophical branch" followed Twardowski's tradition and produced notable thinkers such as Bronisław Bandrowski, who addressed the problem of induction and Tadeusz Kotarbinski, who is known for developing Reism.[11]

In the 1930s Alfred Tarski initiated contacts with the Vienna Circle. Tarski, the most prominent member of the Lwów–Warsaw School, has been ranked as one of the four greatest logicians of all time, along with Aristotle, Gottlob Frege, and Kurt Gödel.[12][13][14]

The school's work was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II.[10] Despite this, its members went on to fundamentally influence modern science, notably mathematics and logic, in the post-war period. Tarski's description of semantic truth, for instance, has revolutionized logic and philosophy.[15]

In contemporary Polish learning, the philosopher Jan Woleński considers himself close to the School's heritage. In 2013 Woleński was awarded by the Foundation for Polish Science for his comprehensive analysis of the work of the Lwów–Warsaw school and for placing its achievements within the international discourse of contemporary analytic philosophy.[16]

Members edit

 
Warsaw University Library. Atop columns: statues (facing entrance) of Lwów–Warsaw School philosophers: Kazimierz Twardowski, Jan Łukasiewicz, Alfred Tarski, and Stanisław Leśniewski

Many of the School's members worked in more than one field.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Bečvářová, Martina, ed. (2021). Development Of Mathematics Between The World Wars: Case Studies, Examples And Analyses. World Scientific. p. 174. ISBN 9781786349309.
  2. ^ Cohen, Robert S.; Schnelle, Thomas, eds. (2011). Cognition and Fact: Materials on Ludwik Fleck. Springer. pp. 15–16, 217–218. ISBN 9789401085045.
  3. ^ Sebeok, Thomas A. (1986). Encyclopedic Dictionary of Semiotics: Vol. 1; A-M. De Gruyter. pp. 21, 144. ISBN 0899251374.
  4. ^ Stammerjohann, Harro, ed. (2009). Lexicon Grammaticorum: A bio-bibliographical companion to the history of linguistics; Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Max Niemeyer Verlag. p. 20. ISBN 9783484730687.
  5. ^ Rzepa, Teresa (1992). "Twardowski Kazimierz Jerzy Adolf ze Skrzypny Ogończyk". In Kosnarewicz, Elwira; Rzepa, Teresa; Stachowski, Ryszard; et al. (eds.). Słownik psychologów polskich [Dictionary of Polish psychologists] (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Psychologii UAM. pp. 198–199. OCLC 834052536.
  6. ^ Jan Woleński, Filozoficzna szkoła lwowsko-warszawska, Warsaw, PWN, 1985.
  7. ^ Brentano, Franz (2015). Psychology from An Empirical Standpoint. Oxon: Routledge. pp. vii. ISBN 9781138019171.
  8. ^ Kijania-Placek, Katarzyna; Wolenski, Jan (2012). The Lvov-Warsaw School and Contemporary Philosophy. Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 219. ISBN 978-94-010-6146-9.
  9. ^ Szumilewicz-Lachman, Irena (2012). Zygmunt Zawirski: His Life and Work: with Selected Writings on Time, Logic and the Methodology of Science, Volume 157. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 3. ISBN 978-0792325666.
  10. ^ a b Wolenski, Jan (2012). Logic and Philosophy in the Lvov—Warsaw School. Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 11, 18. ISBN 978-94-010-7666-1.
  11. ^ Krajewski, Władysław (2001). Polish Philosophers of Science and Nature in the 20th Century. Amsterdam: Rodopi. p. 11. ISBN 90-420-1497-0.
  12. ^ Feferman & Feferman, p. 1
  13. ^ Vaught, Robert L. (Dec 1986). "Alfred Tarski's Work in Model Theory". Journal of Symbolic Logic. 51 (4). ASL: 869–882. doi:10.2307/2273900. JSTOR 2273900.
  14. ^ Restall, Greg (2002–2006). "Great Moments in Logic". from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
  15. ^ Brożek, Anna; Chybińska, Alicja; Jadacki, Jacek; Woleński, Jan (2015). Tradition of the Lvov-Warsaw School: Ideas and Continuations. Leiden: BRILL. p. 33. ISBN 978-90-04-31175-6.
  16. ^ . Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-11.

Bibliography edit

  • Brożek, A., A. Chybińska, J. Jadacki, and Jan Woleński, eds., Tradition of the Lvov-Warsaw School. Ideas and Continuations, Leiden, Boston, 2015.
  • Brożek, A., F. Stadler, and Jan Woleński, eds., The Significance of the Lvov-Warsaw School in the European Culture, Wien, 2017.
  • Coniglione, F., Polish Scientific Philosophy: The Lvov–Warsaw School, Amsterdam, Atlanta, 1993.
  • Drabarek, A., Jan Woleński, and M.M. Radzki, eds., Interdisciplinary investigations into the Lvov-Warsaw School, Cham, 2019.
  • Feferman, Anita Burdman; Feferman, Solomon (2004). Alfred Tarski: Life and Logic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80240-6. OCLC 54691904.
  • Garrido, Á., and U. Wybraniec-Skardowska, eds., The Lvov-Warsaw School. Past and Present, Basel, 2018.
  • Jadacki, J.J., Polish Analytical Philosophy, Warsaw, 2009.
  • Jadacki, J., and J. Paśniczek, eds., , Poznań Studies in the Philosophy of Science and Humanities, vol. 89, Polish Analytical Philosophy, vol. VI, Amsterdam, Atlanta, 2006 ISBN 978-90-420-2068-9.
  • Jordan, Z., The Development of Mathematical Logic and of Logical Positivism in Poland between Two Wars, Oxford, 1945.
  • Kijania-Place, K., and Jan Woleński, eds., The Lvov-Warsaw School and Contemporary Philosophy, Dordrecht, 1998.
  • Marion M., W. Miśkiewicz, S. Lapointe, and Jan Woleński, eds., The Golden Age of Polish Philosophy: Kazimierz Twardowski's Philosophical Legacy, Dordrecht, 2009 ISBN 90-481-2400-X.
  • McFarland, A., J. McFarland, and J.T. Smith, eds., Alfred Tarski: Early Work in Poland – Geometry and Teaching, Basel, 2010.
  • Skolimowski, H., Polish Analytical Philosophy. London, 1967.
  • Smith, B., Austrian Philosophy, Chicago, 1994.
  • Szaniawski, Klemens, ed., The Vienna Circle and the Lvov–Warsaw School, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 1989.
  • Woleński, Jan, Logic and Philosophy in the Lvov–Warsaw School, Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster, Reidel, 1989.

External links edit

  • The Lvóv-Warsaw School, by Francesco Coniglione, in the Polish Philosophy Page.
  • Woleński, Jan. "The Lvóv-Warsaw School". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  • Archives of the Lvov-Warsaw School, multi-institutional initiative to digitize and research the manuscripts of Twardowski and the school members.

April 11, 2024
lwów, warsaw, school, lwów, warsaw, school, polish, szkoła, lwowsko, warszawska, interdisciplinary, school, mainly, philosophy, logic, psychology, founded, kazimierz, twardowski, 1895, lemberg, austro, hungary, polish, lwów, lviv, ukraine, though, members, rep. The Lwow Warsaw School 1 2 3 4 Polish Szkola Lwowsko Warszawska was an interdisciplinary school mainly philosophy logic and psychology founded by Kazimierz Twardowski in 1895 in Lemberg Austro Hungary Polish Lwow now Lviv Ukraine 5 Though its members represented a variety of disciplines from mathematics through logic to psychology the Lwow Warsaw School is widely considered to have been a philosophical movement 6 It has produced some of the leading logicians of the twentieth century such as Jan Lukasiewicz Stanislaw Lesniewski and Alfred Tarski among others 7 Its members did not only contribute to the techniques of logic but also to various domains that belong to the philosophy of language 8 Contents 1 History 2 Members 3 See also 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksHistory edit nbsp Kazimierz TwardowskiPolish philosophy and the Lwow Warsaw school were considerably influenced by Franz Brentano and his pupils Kazimierz Twardowski Anton Marty Alexius Meinong and Edmund Husserl Twardowski founded the philosophical school when he became the chair of the Lviv University 9 Principal topics of interest to the Lwow Warsaw school included formal ontology mereology and universal or categorial grammar The Lwow Warsaw School began as a general philosophical school but steadily moved toward logic The Lwow Warsaw school of logic lay at the origin of Polish logic and was closely associated with or was part of the Warsaw School of Mathematics According to Jan Wolenski a decisive factor in the school s development was the view that the future of the Polish school of mathematics depended on the research connected with the new branches of the field such as set theory and topology which are closely related to mathematical logic 10 The philosophical branch followed Twardowski s tradition and produced notable thinkers such as Bronislaw Bandrowski who addressed the problem of induction and Tadeusz Kotarbinski who is known for developing Reism 11 In the 1930s Alfred Tarski initiated contacts with the Vienna Circle Tarski the most prominent member of the Lwow Warsaw School has been ranked as one of the four greatest logicians of all time along with Aristotle Gottlob Frege and Kurt Godel 12 13 14 The school s work was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II 10 Despite this its members went on to fundamentally influence modern science notably mathematics and logic in the post war period Tarski s description of semantic truth for instance has revolutionized logic and philosophy 15 In contemporary Polish learning the philosopher Jan Wolenski considers himself close to the School s heritage In 2013 Wolenski was awarded by the Foundation for Polish Science for his comprehensive analysis of the work of the Lwow Warsaw school and for placing its achievements within the international discourse of contemporary analytic philosophy 16 Members edit nbsp Warsaw University Library Atop columns statues facing entrance of Lwow Warsaw School philosophers Kazimierz Twardowski Jan Lukasiewicz Alfred Tarski and Stanislaw LesniewskiMany of the School s members worked in more than one field Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz Bronislaw Bandrowski Leopold Blaustein Jozef Maria Bochenski Leon Chwistek Tadeusz Czezowski Eugenie Ginsberg Janina Hosiasson Lindenbaum Stanislaw Jaskowski Maria Kokoszynska Lutmanowa Tadeusz Kotarbinski Czeslaw Lejewski Stanislaw Lesniewski Jan Lukasiewicz Maria Ossowska Alfred Tarski Kazimierz Twardowski Wladyslaw Witwicki Zygmunt ZawirskiSee also editHistory of philosophy in Poland Polish School of Mathematics School of BrentanoReferences edit Becvarova Martina ed 2021 Development Of Mathematics Between The World Wars Case Studies Examples And Analyses World Scientific p 174 ISBN 9781786349309 Cohen Robert S Schnelle Thomas eds 2011 Cognition and Fact Materials on Ludwik Fleck Springer pp 15 16 217 218 ISBN 9789401085045 Sebeok Thomas A 1986 Encyclopedic Dictionary of Semiotics Vol 1 A M De Gruyter pp 21 144 ISBN 0899251374 Stammerjohann Harro ed 2009 Lexicon Grammaticorum A bio bibliographical companion to the history of linguistics Vol 1 2nd ed Max Niemeyer Verlag p 20 ISBN 9783484730687 Rzepa Teresa 1992 Twardowski Kazimierz Jerzy Adolf ze Skrzypny Ogonczyk In Kosnarewicz Elwira Rzepa Teresa Stachowski Ryszard et al eds Slownik psychologow polskich Dictionary of Polish psychologists in Polish Poznan Instytut Psychologii UAM pp 198 199 OCLC 834052536 Jan Wolenski Filozoficzna szkola lwowsko warszawska Warsaw PWN 1985 Brentano Franz 2015 Psychology from An Empirical Standpoint Oxon Routledge pp vii ISBN 9781138019171 Kijania Placek Katarzyna Wolenski Jan 2012 The Lvov Warsaw School and Contemporary Philosophy Dordrecht Springer Science amp Business Media p 219 ISBN 978 94 010 6146 9 Szumilewicz Lachman Irena 2012 Zygmunt Zawirski His Life and Work with Selected Writings on Time Logic and the Methodology of Science Volume 157 Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers p 3 ISBN 978 0792325666 a b Wolenski Jan 2012 Logic and Philosophy in the Lvov Warsaw School Dordrecht Springer Science amp Business Media pp 11 18 ISBN 978 94 010 7666 1 Krajewski Wladyslaw 2001 Polish Philosophers of Science and Nature in the 20th Century Amsterdam Rodopi p 11 ISBN 90 420 1497 0 Feferman amp Feferman p 1 Vaught Robert L Dec 1986 Alfred Tarski s Work in Model Theory Journal of Symbolic Logic 51 4 ASL 869 882 doi 10 2307 2273900 JSTOR 2273900 Restall Greg 2002 2006 Great Moments in Logic Archived from the original on 6 December 2008 Retrieved 2009 01 03 Brozek Anna Chybinska Alicja Jadacki Jacek Wolenski Jan 2015 Tradition of the Lvov Warsaw School Ideas and Continuations Leiden BRILL p 33 ISBN 978 90 04 31175 6 Prof Jan Wolenski PhD hab FNP Prize 2013 laureate Archived from the original on 19 March 2016 Retrieved 2016 08 11 Bibliography editBrozek A A Chybinska J Jadacki and Jan Wolenski eds Tradition of the Lvov Warsaw School Ideas and Continuations Leiden Boston 2015 Brozek A F Stadler and Jan Wolenski eds The Significance of the Lvov Warsaw School in the European Culture Wien 2017 Coniglione F Polish Scientific Philosophy The Lvov Warsaw School Amsterdam Atlanta 1993 Drabarek A Jan Wolenski and M M Radzki eds Interdisciplinary investigations into the Lvov Warsaw School Cham 2019 Feferman Anita Burdman Feferman Solomon 2004 Alfred Tarski Life and Logic Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 80240 6 OCLC 54691904 Garrido A and U Wybraniec Skardowska eds The Lvov Warsaw School Past and Present Basel 2018 Jadacki J J Polish Analytical Philosophy Warsaw 2009 Jadacki J and J Pasniczek eds The Lvov Warsaw School The new generation Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of Science and Humanities vol 89 Polish Analytical Philosophy vol VI Amsterdam Atlanta 2006 ISBN 978 90 420 2068 9 Jordan Z The Development of Mathematical Logic and of Logical Positivism in Poland between Two Wars Oxford 1945 Kijania Place K and Jan Wolenski eds The Lvov Warsaw School and Contemporary Philosophy Dordrecht 1998 Marion M W Miskiewicz S Lapointe and Jan Wolenski eds The Golden Age of Polish Philosophy Kazimierz Twardowski s Philosophical Legacy Dordrecht 2009 ISBN 90 481 2400 X McFarland A J McFarland and J T Smith eds Alfred Tarski Early Work in Poland Geometry and Teaching Basel 2010 Skolimowski H Polish Analytical Philosophy London 1967 Smith B Austrian Philosophy Chicago 1994 Szaniawski Klemens ed The Vienna Circle and the Lvov Warsaw School Dordrecht Boston London 1989 Wolenski Jan Logic and Philosophy in the Lvov Warsaw School Dordrecht Boston Lancaster Reidel 1989 External links editThe Lvov Warsaw School by Francesco Coniglione in the Polish Philosophy Page Wolenski Jan The Lvov Warsaw School In Zalta Edward N ed Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Archives of the Lvov Warsaw School multi institutional initiative to digitize and research the manuscripts of Twardowski and the school members Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lwow Warsaw school amp oldid 1218141882, 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