This article should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{lang}}, {{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and {{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's multilingual support templates may also be used.See why.(May 2019)
For the Anatolian languages spoken throughout the Hittite Empire, Arzawa, and the Syro-Hittite states, see Luwian language.
The Luish, Asakian, or Sak languages are a group of Sino-Tibetan languages belonging to the Sal branch. They are spoken in Burma and Bangladesh, and consist of the Sak, Kadu, and Ganan languages. In recent years, Luish languages have been influenced by Burmese and Chakma.
Although Luish languages are now widely scattered and spoken by relatively small populations, Luce (1985) suggests that the Luish languages were “once spread over the whole north of Burma, from Manipur perhaps to northern Yunnan.”
Matisoff (2013)[1] proposes the name Asakian, since Lui or Loi were used by the Meithei to refer to slaves. Although many speakers of Luish languages refer to themselves as Sak, Cak, or similar variations, speakers of Ganan and Mokhwang Kadu do not refer to themselves as Sak or Asak.[2]
Matisoff (2013)[1] has demonstrated that the extinct Andro, Sengmai, and Chairel languages of Manipur are also Luish languages.
Andro, Sengmai, and Chairel are extinct and known only from a glossary recorded in 1859, their speakers having switched to Meitei.[3][4] There are also various unattested varieties of Lui or Loi ('serf') mentioned in nineteenth-century accounts that appear to be Luish varieties.[5]
It is uncertain whether the extinct Pyu language of central Myanmar is a Luish language.
Benedict (1972) and Shafer (1974) had classified the extinct Taman language of northern Myanmar as part of the Luish branch, but it has since been shown by Keisuke Huziwara (2016) to be a non-Luish language, possibly a separate branch of Tibeto-Burman.
Classificationedit
Matisoff (2013),[1] citing Huziwara (2012),[6] provides the following Stammbaum classification for the Asakian (Luish) branch.
Huziwara (2020) merges Sengmai, Andro, and Chairel as varieties of Chakpa.[2]
Reconstructionedit
Proto-Luish has been reconstructed by Huziwara (2012),[6] with additional Proto-Luish lexical reconstructions by Matisoff (2013).[1] Like Proto-Austroasiatic and Jingpho, Proto-Luish has a sesquisyllabic syllable structure.
Proto-Luish reconstructions by Huziwara (2012),[6] can be found at Wiktionary's list of Proto-Luish reconstructions.
Referencesedit
^ abcdMatisoff, James A. (2013). "Re-Examining the Genetic Position of Jingpho: Putting Flesh on the Bones of the Jingpho/Luish Relationship" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 36 (2): 15–95.
^ abHuziwara, Keisuke (2020). "On the Genetic Position of Chakpa Within Luish Languages". Himalayan Linguistics. 19 (2): 44–55. doi:10.5070/H91150999.
^Burling, Robbins (2003). "The Tibeto-Burman Languages of Northeast India". In Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. (eds.). Sino-Tibetan Languages. London: Routledge. pp. 169–191. ISBN978-0-7007-1129-1.
^McCulloch, W. (1859). Account of the Valley of Munnipore and of the Hill Tribes: With a Comparative Vocabulary of the Munnipore and Other Languages. Calcutta: Bengal Printing Company.
^Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Lui (bookkeeping)". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
^ abcHuziwara, Keisuke 藤原 敬介 (2012). "Rui sogo no saikou ni mukete" ルイ祖語の再構にむけて [Toward a Reconstruction of Proto-Luish]. Kyōtodaigaku gengogaku kenkyū 京都大学言語学研究 (in Japanese). 31: 25–131. doi:10.14989/182194. hdl:2433/182194.
Benedict, Paul K. (1972). Sino-Tibetan: a conspectus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Huziwara, Keisuke. 2016. タマン語の系統再考 / On the genetic position of Taman reconsidered. In Kyoto University Linguistic Research 35, p. 1-34. doi:10.14989/219018
Luce, George H. (1985). Phases of Pre-Pagan Burma: languages and history, vol. I, II. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Shafer, Robert (1974). Introduction to Sino-Tibetan. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowit
Bibliographyedit
George van Driem (2001). Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region. Brill.
January 01, 1970
luish, languages, this, article, should, specify, language, english, content, using, lang, transliteration, transliterated, languages, phonetic, transcriptions, with, appropriate, code, wikipedia, multilingual, support, templates, also, used, 2019, anatolian, . This article should specify the language of its non English content using lang transliteration for transliterated languages and IPA for phonetic transcriptions with an appropriate ISO 639 code Wikipedia s multilingual support templates may also be used See why May 2019 For the Anatolian languages spoken throughout the Hittite Empire Arzawa and the Syro Hittite states see Luwian language The Luish Asakian or Sak languages are a group of Sino Tibetan languages belonging to the Sal branch They are spoken in Burma and Bangladesh and consist of the Sak Kadu and Ganan languages In recent years Luish languages have been influenced by Burmese and Chakma LuishAsakianGeographicdistributionBurma and BangladeshLinguistic classificationSino TibetanTibeto BurmanSalJingpho LuishLuishSubdivisionsSak Kadu Ganan Chakpa Glottologsakk1239 Although Luish languages are now widely scattered and spoken by relatively small populations Luce 1985 suggests that the Luish languages were once spread over the whole north of Burma from Manipur perhaps to northern Yunnan Matisoff 2013 1 proposes the name Asakian since Lui or Loi were used by the Meithei to refer to slaves Although many speakers of Luish languages refer to themselves as Sak Cak or similar variations speakers of Ganan and Mokhwang Kadu do not refer to themselves as Sak or Asak 2 Contents 1 Extinct languages 2 Classification 3 Reconstruction 4 References 5 BibliographyExtinct languages editMatisoff 2013 1 has demonstrated that the extinct Andro Sengmai and Chairel languages of Manipur are also Luish languages Andro Sengmai and Chairel are extinct and known only from a glossary recorded in 1859 their speakers having switched to Meitei 3 4 There are also various unattested varieties of Lui or Loi serf mentioned in nineteenth century accounts that appear to be Luish varieties 5 It is uncertain whether the extinct Pyu language of central Myanmar is a Luish language Benedict 1972 and Shafer 1974 had classified the extinct Taman language of northern Myanmar as part of the Luish branch but it has since been shown by Keisuke Huziwara 2016 to be a non Luish language possibly a separate branch of Tibeto Burman Classification editMatisoff 2013 1 citing Huziwara 2012 6 provides the following Stammbaum classification for the Asakian Luish branch Asakian Cak Cak Sak Chairel Loi Chakpa Sengmai Andro Kadu Ganan Kadu Huziwara 2020 merges Sengmai Andro and Chairel as varieties of Chakpa 2 Reconstruction editProto Luish has been reconstructed by Huziwara 2012 6 with additional Proto Luish lexical reconstructions by Matisoff 2013 1 Like Proto Austroasiatic and Jingpho Proto Luish has a sesquisyllabic syllable structure Proto Luish reconstructions by Huziwara 2012 6 can be found at Wiktionary s list of Proto Luish reconstructions References edit a b c d Matisoff James A 2013 Re Examining the Genetic Position of Jingpho Putting Flesh on the Bones of the Jingpho Luish Relationship PDF Linguistics of the Tibeto Burman Area 36 2 15 95 a b Huziwara Keisuke 2020 On the Genetic Position of Chakpa Within Luish Languages Himalayan Linguistics 19 2 44 55 doi 10 5070 H91150999 Burling Robbins 2003 The Tibeto Burman Languages of Northeast India In Thurgood Graham LaPolla Randy J eds Sino Tibetan Languages London Routledge pp 169 191 ISBN 978 0 7007 1129 1 McCulloch W 1859 Account of the Valley of Munnipore and of the Hill Tribes With a Comparative Vocabulary of the Munnipore and Other Languages Calcutta Bengal Printing Company Hammarstrom Harald Forkel Robert Haspelmath Martin eds 2017 Lui bookkeeping Glottolog 3 0 Jena Germany Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History a b c Huziwara Keisuke 藤原 敬介 2012 Rui sogo no saikou ni mukete ルイ祖語の再構にむけて Toward a Reconstruction of Proto Luish Kyōtodaigaku gengogaku kenkyu 京都大学言語学研究 in Japanese 31 25 131 doi 10 14989 182194 hdl 2433 182194 Benedict Paul K 1972 Sino Tibetan a conspectus Cambridge Cambridge University Press Huziwara Keisuke 2016 タマン語の系統再考 On the genetic position of Taman reconsidered In Kyoto University Linguistic Research 35 p 1 34 doi 10 14989 219018 Luce George H 1985 Phases of Pre Pagan Burma languages and history vol I II Oxford Oxford University Press Shafer Robert 1974 Introduction to Sino Tibetan Wiesbaden Otto HarrassowitBibliography editGeorge van Driem 2001 Languages of the Himalayas An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region Brill Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Luish languages amp oldid 1183747445, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
