List of non-UN peacekeeping missions

Below is a list of current and historical peacekeeping missions which were not mandated by the United Nations.

Current

NATO

See also: NATO peacekeeping

• KFOR is a NATO-led multinational force responsible for establishing and maintaining security in Kosovo. This peace-enforcement force entered Kosovo on June 12, 1999 under a United Nations mandate, two days after the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 1244, but it is not a United Nations blue helmeted peacekeeping mission.

European Union

See also: List of military and civilian missions of the European Union

• Operation Althea is an EU multinational force that took over responsibilities from SFOR in 2004 to maintain peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, primarily by overseeing the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
• European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia is a civilian EU mission that enforces the 2008 ceasefire agreement that ended the Russo-Georgian War.
• European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo is a civilian EU mission that currently monitors Kosovo–Serbia relations and oversees the judicial system in Kosovo, with residual law enforcement authority via an attached Polish Formed Police Unit.

African Union

Current African Union missions include:

• ATMIS is the African Union force in Somalia since April 2022 in response to the War in Somalia.
• MISCA is the African Union force in CAR since 2011 response to the Central African Republic conflict under the Djotodia administration.

Others

• Multinational Force and Observers on the Sinai Peninsula mandated on April 25, 1982 continues to observe compliance with the Egyptian-Israeli Treaty of Peace. It is an observation organisation not an occupation but it does place some restrictions on the sovereignty of the area it observes.^[1]
• Nonviolent Peaceforce is a private, unarmed non-profit, which as of 2017 had ongoing operations in the Philippines, South Sudan, Myanmar, and Syria.
• Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh by the Russian Armed Forces aim to enforce the ceasefire agreement which ended the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War. Turkey maintains a joint monitoring center in Azerbaijan.

Historical

NATO

See also: NATO peacekeeping

• IFOR was a NATO-led multinational force that took over responsibilities from UNPROFOR in Bosnia-Herzegovina, 1995–1996.
• SFOR was a NATO-led multinational force that took over responsibilities from IFOR, 1996–2004.
• ISAF was a NATO-led multinational force that performed peacekeeping in Afghanistan, 2001–2014. (see also UNAMA)
• RS was a NATO-led multinational force that performs train, advise and assist missions in Afghanistan from December 2014-July 2021.^[2] (see also UNAMA)

ECOMOG

Nigeria led missions of the Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) to:

• End the First and Second Liberian Civil Wars, 1990–1995 and 2003 respectively.
• End the Sierra Leone Civil War, 1997-2000. The Organisation of African Unity endorsed the Nigerian-led West African peacekeeping force in 1998.
• Guinea-Bissau in 1999
• Guinea/Liberia border in 2001.

African Union

• AMIS was the African Union force in Darfur, Sudan starting August 2004 in response to the Darfur Conflict. It merged with UNAMID, a UN-mandated peacekeeping force deployed in Darfur, in December 2007.

Others

• Caribbean Peace Force - A 350-member peacekeeping force formed by Barbados, Jamaica, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines and St. Kitts and Nevis operating in Grenada from October 1983 to June 1985 after the Invasion of Grenada.
• Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) - Indian peacekeeping operations in Sri Lanka between 1987 and 1990.
• International Force East Timor (INTERFET), multinational peacekeeping force in East Timor between 1999 and 2000.
• The Australian/New Zealand-led Operation Helpem Fren in the Solomon Islands (July 2003-June 2017) and Operation Astute in Timor-Leste (May 2006-May 2013).
• Temporary International Presence in Hebron, a civilian observer mission in Hebron, West Bank between 1994 and 2019.
• UNOCI, a joint mission with United Nations in Ivory Coast between 2004 and 2017
• UNMIL, a joint mission with United Nations in Liberia between 2003 and 2018

See also

• List of United Nations peacekeeping missions

References

1. The official web site of the Multinational Force and Observers see "the MFO enjoys immunity from the civil and criminal jurisdiction of local courts and other privileges and immunities customarily accorded international organizations" and "Operation of checkpoints, reconnaissance patrols, and observation posts along the international boundary and Line B, and within Zone C."
2. "The Last Commander". Politico.