fbpx
Wikipedia

List of largest cosmic structures

January 03, 2023

This is a list of the largest cosmic structures so far discovered. The unit of measurement used is the light-year (distance traveled by light in one Julian year; approximately 9.46 trillion kilometres).

An image of the massive galaxy cluster MACS J0454.1-0300.

This list includes superclusters, galaxy filaments and large quasar groups (LQGs). The list characterizes each structure based on its longest dimension.

Note that this list refers only to coupling of matter with defined limits, and not the coupling of matter in general (as per example the cosmic microwave background, which fills the entire universe). All structures in this list are defined as to whether their presiding limits have been identified.

There are some speculations about this list:

  • The Zone of Avoidance, or the part of the sky occupied by the Milky Way, blocks out light to several structures, making their limits imprecisely identified.
  • Some structures are far too distant to be seen even with the most powerful telescopes. Some factors are included to explain the structure (like gravitational lensing and redshift data).
  • Some structures have no defined limits, or endpoints. All structures are believed to be part of the cosmic web, which is a conclusive idea. Most structures are overlapped by nearby galaxies, creating a problem of how to carefully define the structure's limit.

List of largest structures

List of the largest cosmic structures
Structure name
(year discovered) 		Maximum dimension
(in light-years) 		Notes
Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall (2014)[1] 9,700,000,000–10,000,000,000[2][3][4] Discovered through gamma-ray burst mapping. Existence as a structure is disputed.[5][6][7]
Giant GRB Ring (2015)[8] 5,600,000,000[8] Discovered through gamma-ray burst mapping. Largest-known regular formation in the observable universe.[8]
Huge-LQG (2012–2013) 4,000,000,000[9][10][11] Decoupling of 73 quasars. Largest-known large quasar group and the first structure found to exceed 3 billion light-years.
"The Giant Arc" (2021) 3,300,000,000[12] Located 9.2 billion light years away.
U1.11 LQG (2011) 2,500,000,000 Involves 38 quasars. Adjacent to the Clowes-Campusano LQG.
Clowes–Campusano LQG (1991) 2,000,000,000 Grouping of 34 quasars. Discovered by Roger Clowes and Luis Campusano.
Sloan Great Wall (2003) 1,380,000,000 Discovered through the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.
South Pole Wall (2020) 1,370,000,000[13][14][15][16][17][18] The largest contiguous feature in the local volume and comparable to the Sloan Great Wall (see above) at half the distance. It is located at the celestial South Pole.
(Theoretical limit) 1,200,000,000 Structures larger than this size are incompatible with the cosmological principle according to all estimates. However, whether the existence of these structures itself constitutes a refutation of the cosmological principle is still unclear.[19]
BOSS Great Wall (BGW) (2016) 1,000,000,000 Structure consisting of 4 superclusters of galaxies. The mass and volume exceeds the amount of the Sloan Great Wall.[20]
Perseus–Pegasus Filament (1985) 1,000,000,000 This galaxy filament contains the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster.
Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex (1987) 1,000,000,000 Contains the Milky Way, and is the first galaxy filament to be discovered. (The first LQG was found earlier in 1982.) A new report in 2014 confirms the Milky Way as a member of the Laniakea Supercluster.
Caelum Supercluster 910,000,000[citation needed] The Caelum Supercluster is a collection of over 550,000 galaxies. It is the largest of all galaxy superclusters.[citation needed]
CfA2 Great Wall (1989) 750,000,000 Also known as the Coma Wall.
Saraswati Supercluster 652,000,000[21] The Saraswati Supercluster consists of 43 massive galaxy clusters, which include Abell 2361 and ZWCl 2341.1+0000.
Boötes Supercluster 620,000,000
Horologium-Reticulum Supercluster (2005) 550,000,000 Also known as the Horologium Supercluster.
Laniakea Supercluster (2014) 520,000,000 Galaxy supercluster in which Earth is located.
Komberg–Kravtsov–Lukash LQG 11 500,000,000 Discovered by Boris V. Komberg, Andrey V. Kravstov and Vladimir N. Lukash.[22][23]
Hyperion proto-supercluster (2018) 489,000,000 The largest and earliest known proto– supercluster.
Komberg–Kravtsov–Lukash LQG 12 480,000,000 Discovered by Boris V. Komberg, Andrey V. Kravstov and Vladimir N. Lukash.[22][23]
Newman LQG (U1.54) 450,000,000
Komberg–Kravtsov–Lukash LQG 5 430,000,000 Discovered by Boris V. Komberg, Andrey V. Kravstov and Vladimir N. Lukash.[22][23]
Tesch–Engels LQG 420,000,000
Draco Supercluster 410,000,000[citation needed]
Great Attractor 400,000,000
Shapley Supercluster 400,000,000 First identified by Harlow Shapley as a cloud of galaxies in 1930, it was not identified as a structure until 1989.
Komberg–Kravstov–Lukash LQG 3 390,000,000 Discovered by Boris V. Komberg, Andrey V. Kravstov and Vladimir N. Lukash.[22][23]
U1.90 380,000,000
Lynx–Ursa Major Filament (LUM Filament) 370,000,000
Sculptor Wall 370,000,000 Also known as the Southern Great Wall.
Pisces-Cetus Supercluster 350,000,000
Komberg–Kravtsov–Lukash LQG 2 350,000,000 Discovered by Boris V. Komberg, Andrey V. Kravstov and Vladimir N. Lukash.[22][23]
z=2.38 filament around protocluster ClG J2143-4423 330,000,000
Webster LQG 320,000,000 First LQG (Large Quasar Group) discovered.[23][24]
Komberg–Kravtsov–Lukash LQG 8 310,000,000 Discovered by Boris V. Komberg, Andrey V. Kravstov and Vladimir N. Lukash.[22][23]
Komberg–Kravtsov–Lukash LQG 1 280,000,000 Discovered by Boris V. Komberg, Andrey V. Kravstov and Vladimir N. Lukash.[22][23]
Komberg–Kravtsov–Lukash LQG 6 260,000,000 Discovered by Boris V. Komberg, Andrey V. Kravstov and Vladimir N. Lukash.[22][23]
Komberg–Kravtsov–Lukash LQG 7 250,000,000 Discovered by Boris V. Komberg, Andrey V. Kravstov and Vladimir N. Lukash.[22][23]
SCL @ 1338+27 228,314,341 One of most distant known superclusters.
Komberg–Kravtsov–Lukash LQG 9 200,000,000 Discovered by Boris V. Komberg, Andrey V. Kravstov and Vladimir N. Lukash.[22][23]
SSA22 Protocluster 200,000,000 Giant collection of Lyman-alpha blobs.
Ursa Major Supercluster 200,000,000
Komberg-Kravtsov-Lukash LQG 10 180,000,000 Discovered by Boris V. Komberg, Andrey V. Kravstov and Vladimir N. Lukash.[22][23]
Ophiuchus Supercluster 170,000,000[citation needed]
Virgo Supercluster 110,000,000 A part of the Laniakea Supercluster (see above). It also contains the Milky Way Galaxy, which contains the Solar System where Earth orbits the Sun.
Reported for Reference.

List of largest voids

Voids are immense spaces between galaxy filaments and other large-scale structures. Technically they are not structures. They are vast spaces which contain very few or no galaxies. They are theorized to be caused by quantum fluctuations during the early formation of the universe.

A list of the largest voids so far discovered is below. Each is ranked according to its longest dimension.

List of the largest voids
Void name/designation Maximum dimension
(in light-years) 		Notes
LOWZ North 13788 void 2,953,000,000 One of largest known voids, containing 109,066 known galaxies.[25]
KBC Void 2,000,000,000 Proposed void containing the Milky Way galaxy and Local Group as an explanation for the discrepancy in the Hubble constant. Existence is still disputed.[26][27]
LOWZ North 4739 void 1,846,000,000 [25]
LOWZ North 16634 void 1,671,000,000 [25]
LOWZ North 11627 void 1,663,000,000 [25]
LOWZ South 4653 void 1,610,000,000 [25]
LOWZ North 13222 void 1,515,000,000 [25]
Giant Void 1,300,000,000 Also known as Canes Venatici Supervoid
LOWZ North 14348 void 1,277,000,000 [25]
LOWZ South 5589 void 1,110,000,000 [25]
LOWZ North 13721 void 1,095,000,000 [25]
LOWZ North 11918 void 998,000,000 [25]
LOWZ North 5692 void 984,000,000 [25]
Bahcall & Soneiro 1982 void 978,000,000 This suspected void ranged 100 degrees across the sky, and has shown up on other surveys as several separate voids. [28]
LOWZ North 11446 void 944,000,000 [25]
LOWZ North 15734 void 938,000,000 [25]
LOWZ North 16394 void 934,000,000 [25]
LOWZ North 8541 void 917,000,000 [25]
LOWZ South 4775 void 899,000,000 [25]
LOWZ North 12092 void 891,000,000 [25]
LOWZ North 3294 void 887,000,000 [25]
Tully-11 void 880,000,000 Catalogued by R. Brent Tully
CMASS South 7225 void 865,000,000 [25]
LOWZ North 14775 void 848,000,000 [25]
LOWZ South 6334 void 846,000,000 [25]
LOWZ North 10254 void 843,000,000 [25]
LOWZ North 13568 void 841,000,000 [25]
LOWZ North 11954 void 827,000,000 [25]
LOWZ North 3404 void 812,000,000 [25]
LOWZ South 3713 void 805,000,000 [25]
LOWZ South 4325 void 804,000,000 [25]
CMASS South 5582 void 796,000,000 [25]
Tully-10 void 792,000,000 Catalogued by R. Brent Tully
LOWZ North 6177 void 789,000,000 [25]
Tully-9 void 746,000,000 Catalogued by R. Brent Tully
B&B Abell-20 void 684,000,000
B&B Abell-9 void 652,000,000
Tully-7 void 567,240,000 Catalogued by R. Brent Tully
Tully-4 void 564,000,000 Catalogued by R. Brent Tully
Tully-6 void 557,460,000 Catalogued by R. Brent Tully
Tully-8 void 554,200,000 Catalogued by R. Brent Tully
B&B Abell-21 void 521,600,000
B&B Abell-28 void 521,600,000
Eridanus Supervoid 489,000,000
(most likely value)		 A recent analysis of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) in 2007 has found an irregularity of the temperature fluctuation of the cosmic microwave background within the vicinity of the constellation Eridanus with analysis found to be 70 microkelvins cooler than the average CMB temperature. One speculation is that a void could cause the cold spot, with the possible size on the left. However, it may be as large as 1 billion light-years, close to the size of the Giant Void.
B&B Abell-4 void 489,000,000
B&B Abell-15 void 489,000,000
Tully-3 void 489,000,000 Catalogued by R. Brent Tully
1994EEDTAWSS-10 void 469,440,000
Tully-1 void 456,400,000 Catalogued by R. Brent Tully
B&B Abell-8 void 456,000,000
B&B Abell-22 void 456,000,000
Tully-2 void 443,360,000 Catalogued by R. Brent Tully
B&B Abell-24 void 423,800,000
B&B Abell-27 void 423,800,000
CMASS North 4407 void 414,000,000 [25]
B&B Abell-7 void 391,200,000
B&B Abell-12 void 391,200,000
B&B Abell-29 void 391,200,000
1994EEDTAWSS-21 void 378,160,000
Southern Local Supervoid 365,120,000
B&B Abell-10 void 358,600,000
B&B Abell-11 void 358,600,000
B&B Abell-13 void 358,600,000
B&B Abell-17 void 358,600,000
B&B Abell-19 void 358,600,000
B&B Abell-23 void 358,600,000
CMASS North 11496 void 342,000,000 [25]
1994EEDTAWSS-19 void 342,100,000
Northern Local Supervoid 339,000,000 Virgo Supercluster, Coma Supercluster, Perseus–Pisces Supercluster, Ursa Major-Lynx Supercluster, Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster, Sculptor Supercluster, Pavo–Corona Australes Supercluster form a sheet between the Northern Local Supervoid and the Southern Local Supervoid. The Hercules Supercluster separates the Northern Local Void from the Boötes Void. The Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and Pegasus Supercluster form a sheet separate the Northern Local Void and Southern Local Void from the Pegasus Void.[29]
Boötes Void 330,000,000 Also known as The Giant Nothing
1994EEDTAWSS-12 void 328,000,000
CMASS North 15935 void 252,000,000 [25]
SSRS1 4 void 217,000,000
GACIRASS V0 void 215,000,000
CMASS North 60 void 210,000,000 [25]
SSRS2 3 void 198,000,000
Local Void 195,000,000 One of the nearest voids known and contains 3 galaxies.
SSRS2 1 void 177,000,000
IRAS 1 void 166,000,000
Sculptor void 163,000,000
IRAS 3 void 145,000,000
IRAS 2 void 142,000,000
IRAS 7 void 141,000,000
SSRS2 11 void 139,000,000
IRAS 6 void 135,000,000
IRAS 13 void 131,000,000
Pegasus Void 130,000,000 [30] The Perseus–Pisces Supercluster and Pegasus Supercluster form a sheet separate the Northern Local Void and Southern Local Void from the Pegasus Void.[29]
IRAS 8 void 128,000,000
SSRS2 9 void 127,000,000
IRAS 9 void 117,000,000
IRAS 5 void 117,000,000
SSRS2 4 void 116,000,000
SSRS2 10 void 113,000,000
SSRS1 1 void 108,000,000 Located just behind the galaxy concentration Eridanus-Fornax-Dorado.
IRAS 11 void 104,000,000
SSRS2 6 void 104,000,000
CMASS North 10020 void 104,000,000 [25]
IRAS 12 void 102,000,000
Perseus-Pisces void 99,000,000
SSRS1 2 void 97,000,000
IRAS 14 void 93,000,000
SSRS2 8 void 90,000,000
SSRS2 15 void 89,000,000
GACIRASS V1 void 83,000,000
SSRS2 7 void 83,000,000
SSRS2 12 void 81,000,000
GACIRASS V3 void 81,000,000
SSRS2 14 void 69,000,000
SSRS2 18 void 68,000,000
SSRS2 16 void 66,000,000
GACIRASS V2 void 63,000,000
SSRS2 17 void 61,000,000

See also

References

  1. ^ Horvath, Istvan; Bagoly, Zsolt; Hakkila, Jon; Tóth, L. Viktor (2014). "Anomalies in the GRB spatial distribution". Proceedings of Science: 78. arXiv:1507.05528. Bibcode:2014styd.confE..78H.
  2. ^ Horvath, Istvan; Hakkila, Jon; Bagoly, Zsolt (2014). "Possible structure in the GRB sky distribution at redshift two". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 561: id.L12. arXiv:1401.0533. Bibcode:2014A&A...561L..12H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201323020. S2CID 24224684.
  3. ^ Horvath, I.; Hakkila, J.; Bagoly, Z. (2013). "The largest possible structure of the Universe, defined by Einstein in his Big Bang theory (1901)". 7th Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium, GRB 2013: Paper 33 in EConf Proceedings C1304143. 1311: 1104. arXiv:1311.1104. Bibcode:2013arXiv1311.1104H.
  4. ^ Klotz, Irene (2013-11-19). . discovery. Archived from the original on 2015-03-25. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
  5. ^ Christian, Sam (2020-07-11). "Re-examining the evidence of the Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 495 (4): 4291–4296. arXiv:2006.00141. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1448. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 219177572.
  6. ^ Ukwatta, T. N.; Woźniak, P. R. (2016-01-01). "Investigation of redshift- and duration-dependent clustering of gamma-ray bursts". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 455 (1): 703–711. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2350. ISSN 0035-8711.
  7. ^ Horvath, I.; Szecsi, D.; Hakkila, J.; Szabo, A.; Racz, I.I.; Toth, L.V.; Pinter, S.; Bagoly, Z. (2020-08-22). "The clustering of gamma-ray bursts in the Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall: the largest structure in the Universe?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 498 (2): 2544–2553. arXiv:2008.03679. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2460. ISSN 0035-8711.
  8. ^ a b c Balazs, L.G.; Bagoly, Z.; Hakkila, J.E.; Horvath, I.; Kobori, J.; Racz, I.I.; Toth, L.V. (2015-08-05). "A giant ring-like structure at 0.78 < z < 0.86 displayed by GRBs". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 452 (3): 2236–2246. arXiv:1507.00675. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.452.2236B. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1421. S2CID 109936564.
  9. ^ Aron, Jacob (2013). "Largest structure challenges Einstein's smooth cosmos". New Scientist. 217 (2900): 13. Bibcode:2013NewSc.217...13A. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(13)60143-8. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  10. ^ . Royal astronomical society. Archived from the original on 2013-01-14. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  11. ^ Clowes, Roger; Harris, Kathryn A.; Raghunathan, Srinivasan; Campusano, Luis E.; Söchting, Ilona K.; Graham, Matthew J. (2013-01-11). "A structure in the early Universe at z ∼ 1.3 that exceeds the homogeneity scale of the R-W concordance cosmology". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1211 (4): 6256. arXiv:1211.6256. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.429.2910C. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts497. S2CID 486490.
  12. ^ "Giant arc stretching-1.3 billion light-years across the cosmos shouldnt exist".
  13. ^ Pomarède, Daniel; et al. (10 July 2020). "Cosmicflows-3: The South Pole Wall". The Astrophysical Journal. 897 (2): 133. arXiv:2007.04414. Bibcode:2020ApJ...897..133P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9952. S2CID 220425419.
  14. ^ Pomerede, D.; et al. (January 2020). "The South Pole Wall". Harvard University. p. 453.01. Bibcode:2020AAS...23545301P.
  15. ^ Staff (10 July 2020). "Astronomers map massive structure beyond Laniakea Supercluster". University of Hawaii. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  16. ^ Overbye, Dennis (10 July 2020). "Beyond the Milky Way, a Galactic Wall - Astronomers have discovered a vast assemblage of galaxies hidden behind our own, in the "zone of avoidance."". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  17. ^ Mann, Adam (10 July 2020). "Astronomers discover South Pole Wall, a gigantic structure stretching 1.4 billion light-years across". Live Science. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  18. ^ Starr, Michelle (14 July 2020). "A Giant 'Wall' of Galaxies Has Been Found Stretching Across The Universe". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  19. ^ Nadathur, Seshadri (10 July 2018). "Seeing patterns in noise: Gigaparsec-scale 'structures' that do not violate homogeneity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 434: 398–406. arXiv:1306.1700. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1028. S2CID 119220579 – via arXiv.
  20. ^ H.Lietzen; E.Tempel; L. J.Liivamägi (20 March 2016). "Discovery of a massive supercluster system at z ~ 0.47". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 588: L4. arXiv:1602.08498. Bibcode:2016A&A...588L...4L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628261. S2CID 56126854.
  21. ^ "News | IUCAA". www.iucaa.in.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Komberg, Boris V.; Kravtsov, Andrey V.; Lukash, Vladimir N. (1996). "The search and investigation of the Large Groups of Quasars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 282 (3): 2090. arXiv:astro-ph/9602090. Bibcode:1996MNRAS.282..713K. doi:10.1093/mnras/282.3.713. S2CID 14700144.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l R.G.Clowes; "Large Quasar Groups - A Short Review"; 'The New Era of Wide Field Astronomy', ASP Conference Series, Vol. 232.; 2001; Astronomical Society of the Pacific; ISBN 1-58381-065-X ; Bibcode:2001ASPC..232..108C
  24. ^ Webster, Adrian (May 1982). "The clustering of quasars from an objective-prism survey". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 199 (3): 683–705. Bibcode:1982MNRAS.199..683W. doi:10.1093/mnras/199.3.683.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Mao, Qingqing; Berlind, Andreas A.; Scherrer, Robert J.; Neyrinck, Mark C.; Scoccimarro, Román; Tinker, Jeremy L.; McBride, Cameron K.; Schneider, Donald P.; Pan, Kaike; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Malanushenko, Elena; Malanushenko, Viktor (2017). "A Cosmic Void Catalog of SDSS DR12 BOSS Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 835 (2): 161. arXiv:1602.02771. Bibcode:2017ApJ...835..161M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/161. S2CID 119098071.
  26. ^ Kenworthy, W. D’Arcy; Scolnic, Dan; Riess, Adam (2019-04-24). "The Local Perspective on the Hubble Tension: Local Structure Does Not Impact Measurement of the Hubble Constant". The Astrophysical Journal. 875 (2): 145. arXiv:1901.08681. Bibcode:2019ApJ...875..145K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab0ebf. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 119095484.
  27. ^ Haslbauer, Moritz; Banik, Indranil; Kroupa, Pavel (October 23, 2020). "The KBC void and Hubble tension contradict $\Lambda$CDM on a Gpc scale $-$ Milgromian dynamics as a possible solution". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 499 (2): 2845–2883. arXiv:2009.11292. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2348 – via arXiv.org.
  28. ^ Bahcall, N. A.; Soneira, R. M. (1982) "An approximately 300 MPC void of rich clusters of galaxies" (PDF) Astrophysical Journal, Part 1, vol. 262, Nov. 15, 1982, p. 419-423. Bibcode:1982ApJ...262..419B doi:10.1086/160436
  29. ^ a b Einasto, Jaan; Einasto, Maret; Gramann, Mirt (1989) "Structure and formation of superclusters. IX - Self-similarity of voids" (PDF) Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices (ISSN 0035-8711), vol. 238, May 1, 1989, p. 155-177. Bibcode:1989MNRAS.238..155E
  30. ^ S.A. Pustilnik (SAO), D. Engels (Hamburg), A.Y. Kniazev (ESO, SAO), A.G. Pramskij, A.V. Ugryumov (SAO), H.-J. Hagen (Hamburg) (2005) [ "HS 2134+0400 - new very metal-poor galaxy, a representative of void population?"] arXiv:astro-ph/0508255v1 Bibcode:2006AstL...32..228P doi:10.1134/S1063773706040025

January 03, 2023
list, largest, cosmic, structures, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources List of largest cosmic structures news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This is a list of the largest cosmic structures so far discovered The unit of measurement used is the light year distance traveled by light in one Julian year approximately 9 46 trillion kilometres An image of the massive galaxy cluster MACS J0454 1 0300 This list includes superclusters galaxy filaments and large quasar groups LQGs The list characterizes each structure based on its longest dimension Note that this list refers only to coupling of matter with defined limits and not the coupling of matter in general as per example the cosmic microwave background which fills the entire universe All structures in this list are defined as to whether their presiding limits have been identified There are some speculations about this list The Zone of Avoidance or the part of the sky occupied by the Milky Way blocks out light to several structures making their limits imprecisely identified Some structures are far too distant to be seen even with the most powerful telescopes Some factors are included to explain the structure like gravitational lensing and redshift data Some structures have no defined limits or endpoints All structures are believed to be part of the cosmic web which is a conclusive idea Most structures are overlapped by nearby galaxies creating a problem of how to carefully define the structure s limit Contents 1 List of largest structures 2 List of largest voids 3 See also 4 ReferencesList of largest structures EditList of the largest cosmic structures Structure name year discovered Maximum dimension in light years NotesHercules Corona Borealis Great Wall 2014 1 9 700 000 000 10 000 000 000 2 3 4 Discovered through gamma ray burst mapping Existence as a structure is disputed 5 6 7 Giant GRB Ring 2015 8 5 600 000 000 8 Discovered through gamma ray burst mapping Largest known regular formation in the observable universe 8 Huge LQG 2012 2013 4 000 000 000 9 10 11 Decoupling of 73 quasars Largest known large quasar group and the first structure found to exceed 3 billion light years The Giant Arc 2021 3 300 000 000 12 Located 9 2 billion light years away U1 11 LQG 2011 2 500 000 000 Involves 38 quasars Adjacent to the Clowes Campusano LQG Clowes Campusano LQG 1991 2 000 000 000 Grouping of 34 quasars Discovered by Roger Clowes and Luis Campusano Sloan Great Wall 2003 1 380 000 000 Discovered through the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey South Pole Wall 2020 1 370 000 000 13 14 15 16 17 18 The largest contiguous feature in the local volume and comparable to the Sloan Great Wall see above at half the distance It is located at the celestial South Pole Theoretical limit 1 200 000 000 Structures larger than this size are incompatible with the cosmological principle according to all estimates However whether the existence of these structures itself constitutes a refutation of the cosmological principle is still unclear 19 BOSS Great Wall BGW 2016 1 000 000 000 Structure consisting of 4 superclusters of galaxies The mass and volume exceeds the amount of the Sloan Great Wall 20 Perseus Pegasus Filament 1985 1 000 000 000 This galaxy filament contains the Perseus Pisces Supercluster Pisces Cetus Supercluster Complex 1987 1 000 000 000 Contains the Milky Way and is the first galaxy filament to be discovered The first LQG was found earlier in 1982 A new report in 2014 confirms the Milky Way as a member of the Laniakea Supercluster Caelum Supercluster 910 000 000 citation needed The Caelum Supercluster is a collection of over 550 000 galaxies It is the largest of all galaxy superclusters citation needed CfA2 Great Wall 1989 750 000 000 Also known as the Coma Wall Saraswati Supercluster 652 000 000 21 The Saraswati Supercluster consists of 43 massive galaxy clusters which include Abell 2361 and ZWCl 2341 1 0000 Bootes Supercluster 620 000 000Horologium Reticulum Supercluster 2005 550 000 000 Also known as the Horologium Supercluster Laniakea Supercluster 2014 520 000 000 Galaxy supercluster in which Earth is located Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 11 500 000 000 Discovered by Boris V Komberg Andrey V Kravstov and Vladimir N Lukash 22 23 Hyperion proto supercluster 2018 489 000 000 The largest and earliest known proto supercluster Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 12 480 000 000 Discovered by Boris V Komberg Andrey V Kravstov and Vladimir N Lukash 22 23 Newman LQG U1 54 450 000 000Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 5 430 000 000 Discovered by Boris V Komberg Andrey V Kravstov and Vladimir N Lukash 22 23 Tesch Engels LQG 420 000 000Draco Supercluster 410 000 000 citation needed Great Attractor 400 000 000Shapley Supercluster 400 000 000 First identified by Harlow Shapley as a cloud of galaxies in 1930 it was not identified as a structure until 1989 Komberg Kravstov Lukash LQG 3 390 000 000 Discovered by Boris V Komberg Andrey V Kravstov and Vladimir N Lukash 22 23 U1 90 380 000 000Lynx Ursa Major Filament LUM Filament 370 000 000Sculptor Wall 370 000 000 Also known as the Southern Great Wall Pisces Cetus Supercluster 350 000 000Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 2 350 000 000 Discovered by Boris V Komberg Andrey V Kravstov and Vladimir N Lukash 22 23 z 2 38 filament around protocluster ClG J2143 4423 330 000 000Webster LQG 320 000 000 First LQG Large Quasar Group discovered 23 24 Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 8 310 000 000 Discovered by Boris V Komberg Andrey V Kravstov and Vladimir N Lukash 22 23 Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 1 280 000 000 Discovered by Boris V Komberg Andrey V Kravstov and Vladimir N Lukash 22 23 Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 6 260 000 000 Discovered by Boris V Komberg Andrey V Kravstov and Vladimir N Lukash 22 23 Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 7 250 000 000 Discovered by Boris V Komberg Andrey V Kravstov and Vladimir N Lukash 22 23 SCL 1338 27 228 314 341 One of most distant known superclusters Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 9 200 000 000 Discovered by Boris V Komberg Andrey V Kravstov and Vladimir N Lukash 22 23 SSA22 Protocluster 200 000 000 Giant collection of Lyman alpha blobs Ursa Major Supercluster 200 000 000Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 10 180 000 000 Discovered by Boris V Komberg Andrey V Kravstov and Vladimir N Lukash 22 23 Ophiuchus Supercluster 170 000 000 citation needed Virgo Supercluster 110 000 000 A part of the Laniakea Supercluster see above It also contains the Milky Way Galaxy which contains the Solar System where Earth orbits the Sun Reported for Reference List of largest voids EditVoids are immense spaces between galaxy filaments and other large scale structures Technically they are not structures They are vast spaces which contain very few or no galaxies They are theorized to be caused by quantum fluctuations during the early formation of the universe A list of the largest voids so far discovered is below Each is ranked according to its longest dimension List of the largest voids Void name designation Maximum dimension in light years NotesLOWZ North 13788 void 2 953 000 000 One of largest known voids containing 109 066 known galaxies 25 KBC Void 2 000 000 000 Proposed void containing the Milky Way galaxy and Local Group as an explanation for the discrepancy in the Hubble constant Existence is still disputed 26 27 LOWZ North 4739 void 1 846 000 000 25 LOWZ North 16634 void 1 671 000 000 25 LOWZ North 11627 void 1 663 000 000 25 LOWZ South 4653 void 1 610 000 000 25 LOWZ North 13222 void 1 515 000 000 25 Giant Void 1 300 000 000 Also known as Canes Venatici SupervoidLOWZ North 14348 void 1 277 000 000 25 LOWZ South 5589 void 1 110 000 000 25 LOWZ North 13721 void 1 095 000 000 25 LOWZ North 11918 void 998 000 000 25 LOWZ North 5692 void 984 000 000 25 Bahcall amp Soneiro 1982 void 978 000 000 This suspected void ranged 100 degrees across the sky and has shown up on other surveys as several separate voids 28 LOWZ North 11446 void 944 000 000 25 LOWZ North 15734 void 938 000 000 25 LOWZ North 16394 void 934 000 000 25 LOWZ North 8541 void 917 000 000 25 LOWZ South 4775 void 899 000 000 25 LOWZ North 12092 void 891 000 000 25 LOWZ North 3294 void 887 000 000 25 Tully 11 void 880 000 000 Catalogued by R Brent TullyCMASS South 7225 void 865 000 000 25 LOWZ North 14775 void 848 000 000 25 LOWZ South 6334 void 846 000 000 25 LOWZ North 10254 void 843 000 000 25 LOWZ North 13568 void 841 000 000 25 LOWZ North 11954 void 827 000 000 25 LOWZ North 3404 void 812 000 000 25 LOWZ South 3713 void 805 000 000 25 LOWZ South 4325 void 804 000 000 25 CMASS South 5582 void 796 000 000 25 Tully 10 void 792 000 000 Catalogued by R Brent TullyLOWZ North 6177 void 789 000 000 25 Tully 9 void 746 000 000 Catalogued by R Brent TullyB amp B Abell 20 void 684 000 000B amp B Abell 9 void 652 000 000Tully 7 void 567 240 000 Catalogued by R Brent TullyTully 4 void 564 000 000 Catalogued by R Brent TullyTully 6 void 557 460 000 Catalogued by R Brent TullyTully 8 void 554 200 000 Catalogued by R Brent TullyB amp B Abell 21 void 521 600 000B amp B Abell 28 void 521 600 000Eridanus Supervoid 489 000 000 most likely value A recent analysis of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe WMAP in 2007 has found an irregularity of the temperature fluctuation of the cosmic microwave background within the vicinity of the constellation Eridanus with analysis found to be 70 microkelvins cooler than the average CMB temperature One speculation is that a void could cause the cold spot with the possible size on the left However it may be as large as 1 billion light years close to the size of the Giant Void B amp B Abell 4 void 489 000 000B amp B Abell 15 void 489 000 000Tully 3 void 489 000 000 Catalogued by R Brent Tully1994EEDTAWSS 10 void 469 440 000Tully 1 void 456 400 000 Catalogued by R Brent TullyB amp B Abell 8 void 456 000 000B amp B Abell 22 void 456 000 000Tully 2 void 443 360 000 Catalogued by R Brent TullyB amp B Abell 24 void 423 800 000B amp B Abell 27 void 423 800 000CMASS North 4407 void 414 000 000 25 B amp B Abell 7 void 391 200 000B amp B Abell 12 void 391 200 000B amp B Abell 29 void 391 200 0001994EEDTAWSS 21 void 378 160 000Southern Local Supervoid 365 120 000B amp B Abell 10 void 358 600 000B amp B Abell 11 void 358 600 000B amp B Abell 13 void 358 600 000B amp B Abell 17 void 358 600 000B amp B Abell 19 void 358 600 000B amp B Abell 23 void 358 600 000CMASS North 11496 void 342 000 000 25 1994EEDTAWSS 19 void 342 100 000Northern Local Supervoid 339 000 000 Virgo Supercluster Coma Supercluster Perseus Pisces Supercluster Ursa Major Lynx Supercluster Hydra Centaurus Supercluster Sculptor Supercluster Pavo Corona Australes Supercluster form a sheet between the Northern Local Supervoid and the Southern Local Supervoid The Hercules Supercluster separates the Northern Local Void from the Bootes Void The Perseus Pisces Supercluster and Pegasus Supercluster form a sheet separate the Northern Local Void and Southern Local Void from the Pegasus Void 29 Bootes Void 330 000 000 Also known as The Giant Nothing1994EEDTAWSS 12 void 328 000 000CMASS North 15935 void 252 000 000 25 SSRS1 4 void 217 000 000GACIRASS V0 void 215 000 000CMASS North 60 void 210 000 000 25 SSRS2 3 void 198 000 000Local Void 195 000 000 One of the nearest voids known and contains 3 galaxies SSRS2 1 void 177 000 000IRAS 1 void 166 000 000Sculptor void 163 000 000IRAS 3 void 145 000 000IRAS 2 void 142 000 000IRAS 7 void 141 000 000SSRS2 11 void 139 000 000IRAS 6 void 135 000 000IRAS 13 void 131 000 000Pegasus Void 130 000 000 30 The Perseus Pisces Supercluster and Pegasus Supercluster form a sheet separate the Northern Local Void and Southern Local Void from the Pegasus Void 29 IRAS 8 void 128 000 000SSRS2 9 void 127 000 000IRAS 9 void 117 000 000IRAS 5 void 117 000 000SSRS2 4 void 116 000 000SSRS2 10 void 113 000 000SSRS1 1 void 108 000 000 Located just behind the galaxy concentration Eridanus Fornax Dorado IRAS 11 void 104 000 000SSRS2 6 void 104 000 000CMASS North 10020 void 104 000 000 25 IRAS 12 void 102 000 000Perseus Pisces void 99 000 000SSRS1 2 void 97 000 000IRAS 14 void 93 000 000SSRS2 8 void 90 000 000SSRS2 15 void 89 000 000GACIRASS V1 void 83 000 000SSRS2 7 void 83 000 000SSRS2 12 void 81 000 000GACIRASS V3 void 81 000 000SSRS2 14 void 69 000 000SSRS2 18 void 68 000 000SSRS2 16 void 66 000 000GACIRASS V2 void 63 000 000SSRS2 17 void 61 000 000See also EditList of most massive black holes List of largest galaxies List of largest nebulae List of largest known stars and List of most massive stars List of largest exoplanets Lists of astronomical objects List of voids List of Large quasar groups Timeline of knowledge about galaxies clusters of galaxies and large scale structureReferences Edit Horvath Istvan Bagoly Zsolt Hakkila Jon Toth L Viktor 2014 Anomalies in the GRB spatial distribution Proceedings of Science 78 arXiv 1507 05528 Bibcode 2014styd confE 78H Horvath Istvan Hakkila Jon Bagoly Zsolt 2014 Possible structure in the GRB sky distribution at redshift two Astronomy amp Astrophysics 561 id L12 arXiv 1401 0533 Bibcode 2014A amp A 561L 12H doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201323020 S2CID 24224684 Horvath I Hakkila J Bagoly Z 2013 The largest possible structure of the Universe defined by Einstein in his Big Bang theory 1901 7th Huntsville Gamma Ray Burst Symposium GRB 2013 Paper 33 in EConf Proceedings C1304143 1311 1104 arXiv 1311 1104 Bibcode 2013arXiv1311 1104H Klotz Irene 2013 11 19 Universe s Largest Structure is a Cosmic Conundrum discovery Archived from the original on 2015 03 25 Retrieved 2013 11 22 Christian Sam 2020 07 11 Re examining the evidence of the Hercules Corona Borealis Great Wall Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 495 4 4291 4296 arXiv 2006 00141 doi 10 1093 mnras staa1448 ISSN 0035 8711 S2CID 219177572 Ukwatta T N Wozniak P R 2016 01 01 Investigation of redshift and duration dependent clustering of gamma ray bursts Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 455 1 703 711 doi 10 1093 mnras stv2350 ISSN 0035 8711 Horvath I Szecsi D Hakkila J Szabo A Racz I I Toth L V Pinter S Bagoly Z 2020 08 22 The clustering of gamma ray bursts in the Hercules Corona Borealis Great Wall the largest structure in the Universe Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 498 2 2544 2553 arXiv 2008 03679 doi 10 1093 mnras staa2460 ISSN 0035 8711 a b c Balazs L G Bagoly Z Hakkila J E Horvath I Kobori J Racz I I Toth L V 2015 08 05 A giant ring like structure at 0 78 lt z lt 0 86 displayed by GRBs Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 452 3 2236 2246 arXiv 1507 00675 Bibcode 2015MNRAS 452 2236B doi 10 1093 mnras stv1421 S2CID 109936564 Aron Jacob 2013 Largest structure challenges Einstein s smooth cosmos New Scientist 217 2900 13 Bibcode 2013NewSc 217 13A doi 10 1016 S0262 4079 13 60143 8 Retrieved 14 January 2013 Astronomers discover the largest structure in the universe Royal astronomical society Archived from the original on 2013 01 14 Retrieved 2013 01 13 Clowes Roger Harris Kathryn A Raghunathan Srinivasan Campusano Luis E Sochting Ilona K Graham Matthew J 2013 01 11 A structure in the early Universe at z 1 3 that exceeds the homogeneity scale of the R W concordance cosmology Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 1211 4 6256 arXiv 1211 6256 Bibcode 2013MNRAS 429 2910C doi 10 1093 mnras sts497 S2CID 486490 Giant arc stretching 1 3 billion light years across the cosmos shouldnt exist Pomarede Daniel et al 10 July 2020 Cosmicflows 3 The South Pole Wall The Astrophysical Journal 897 2 133 arXiv 2007 04414 Bibcode 2020ApJ 897 133P doi 10 3847 1538 4357 ab9952 S2CID 220425419 Pomerede D et al January 2020 The South Pole Wall Harvard University p 453 01 Bibcode 2020AAS 23545301P Staff 10 July 2020 Astronomers map massive structure beyond Laniakea Supercluster University of Hawaii Retrieved 10 July 2020 Overbye Dennis 10 July 2020 Beyond the Milky Way a Galactic Wall Astronomers have discovered a vast assemblage of galaxies hidden behind our own in the zone of avoidance The New York Times Retrieved 10 July 2020 Mann Adam 10 July 2020 Astronomers discover South Pole Wall a gigantic structure stretching 1 4 billion light years across Live Science Retrieved 10 July 2020 Starr Michelle 14 July 2020 A Giant Wall of Galaxies Has Been Found Stretching Across The Universe ScienceAlert com Retrieved 19 July 2020 Nadathur Seshadri 10 July 2018 Seeing patterns in noise Gigaparsec scale structures that do not violate homogeneity Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 434 398 406 arXiv 1306 1700 doi 10 1093 mnras stt1028 S2CID 119220579 via arXiv H Lietzen E Tempel L J Liivamagi 20 March 2016 Discovery of a massive supercluster system at z 0 47 Astronomy amp Astrophysics 588 L4 arXiv 1602 08498 Bibcode 2016A amp A 588L 4L doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201628261 S2CID 56126854 News IUCAA www iucaa in a b c d e f g h i j k Komberg Boris V Kravtsov Andrey V Lukash Vladimir N 1996 The search and investigation of the Large Groups of Quasars Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 282 3 2090 arXiv astro ph 9602090 Bibcode 1996MNRAS 282 713K doi 10 1093 mnras 282 3 713 S2CID 14700144 a b c d e f g h i j k l R G Clowes Large Quasar Groups A Short Review The New Era of Wide Field Astronomy ASP Conference Series Vol 232 2001 Astronomical Society of the Pacific ISBN 1 58381 065 X Bibcode 2001ASPC 232 108C Webster Adrian May 1982 The clustering of quasars from an objective prism survey Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 199 3 683 705 Bibcode 1982MNRAS 199 683W doi 10 1093 mnras 199 3 683 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Mao Qingqing Berlind Andreas A Scherrer Robert J Neyrinck Mark C Scoccimarro Roman Tinker Jeremy L McBride Cameron K Schneider Donald P Pan Kaike Bizyaev Dmitry Malanushenko Elena Malanushenko Viktor 2017 A Cosmic Void Catalog of SDSS DR12 BOSS Galaxies The Astrophysical Journal 835 2 161 arXiv 1602 02771 Bibcode 2017ApJ 835 161M doi 10 3847 1538 4357 835 2 161 S2CID 119098071 Kenworthy W D Arcy Scolnic Dan Riess Adam 2019 04 24 The Local Perspective on the Hubble Tension Local Structure Does Not Impact Measurement of the Hubble Constant The Astrophysical Journal 875 2 145 arXiv 1901 08681 Bibcode 2019ApJ 875 145K doi 10 3847 1538 4357 ab0ebf ISSN 1538 4357 S2CID 119095484 Haslbauer Moritz Banik Indranil Kroupa Pavel October 23 2020 The KBC void and Hubble tension contradict Lambda CDM on a Gpc scale Milgromian dynamics as a possible solution Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 499 2 2845 2883 arXiv 2009 11292 doi 10 1093 mnras staa2348 via arXiv org Bahcall N A Soneira R M 1982 An approximately 300 MPC void of rich clusters of galaxies PDF Astrophysical Journal Part 1 vol 262 Nov 15 1982 p 419 423 Bibcode 1982ApJ 262 419B doi 10 1086 160436 a b Einasto Jaan Einasto Maret Gramann Mirt 1989 Structure and formation of superclusters IX Self similarity of voids PDF Royal Astronomical Society Monthly Notices ISSN 0035 8711 vol 238 May 1 1989 p 155 177 Bibcode 1989MNRAS 238 155E S A Pustilnik SAO D Engels Hamburg A Y Kniazev ESO SAO A G Pramskij A V Ugryumov SAO H J Hagen Hamburg 2005 HS 2134 0400 new very metal poor galaxy a representative of void population arXiv astro ph 0508255v1 Bibcode 2006AstL 32 228P doi 10 1134 S1063773706040025 Portals Astronomy Stars Spaceflight Outer space Solar System Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of largest cosmic structures amp oldid 1125126599, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.