Puxian Wannu originally served the waning Jin dynasty under pressure from the Mongol Empire. While the Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Jin, a Khitan chief Yelü Liuge (耶律留哥) revolted against the Jin dynasty in Liaodong in 1211 and made contact with the Mongol Empire in the next year. In 1214, the Jin dynasty dispatched Puxian Wannu to Liaodong, but he was defeated around Kaiyuan. While Mukhali of the Mongol Empire invaded Northern China and captured the Jin capital Zhongdu, Puxian Wannu rebelled against the Jin dynasty and founded the Eastern Xia dynasty in Dongjing (Liaoyang) in 1215 with the support of the Mongols. During that year, as a vassal, he sent his son Tege (帖哥/鐵哥 Tiěgē) as a hostage to the Mongols in 1216. He adopted the title of Tianwang (天王 lit. Heavenly King) and named his era Tiantai (天泰). He also established the government institutions based on the Jin systems. Although originally acknowledged his allegiance to the Mongol Empire, he however rebelled against the Mongols and killed the Mongolian resident commissioners in 1217. He also moved the capital to Nanjing (南京 literally: "southern capital") in modern day Mopancun Fortress near Yanji, Jilin province. In 1233, Güyük (then a prince) was dispatched by Ögedei Khan to conquer the Eastern Xia. Puxian Wannu was captured and killed in the same year, which marked the official end of the Eastern Xia kingdom. The Jin dynasty was also conquered by the Mongols in the next year.
The actual name of the kingdom is controversial. Chinese documents call it Dongxia (东夏/東夏) but Goryeo almost always called it Dongzhen (東眞). Yanai Wataru insisted that Xià (夏) was a misinterpretation of Zhèn (眞). In the meanwhile Ikeuchi Hiroshi claimed that Dongzhen was an abbreviated form of Dong Nüzhen (东女眞/東女眞, Eastern Jurchen) and was just an alias.
^Historical Dictionary of Tibet by John Powers, David Templeman, p. 493
^China Archaeology & Art Digest, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 205
^Warfare in Chinese History, by H. J. Van Derven, p239
January 10, 2023
eastern, traditional, chinese, 東夏, simplified, chinese, 东夏, pinyin, dōng, xià, also, known, dongxia, dongzhen, 東真, dazhen, 大真, short, lived, kingdom, established, manchuria, today, northeast, china, outer, manchuria, jurchen, warlord, puxian, wannu, 1215, duri. The Eastern Xia 1 traditional Chinese 東夏 simplified Chinese 东夏 pinyin Dōng Xia also known as Dongxia 2 Dongzhen 東真 3 or Dazhen 大真 was a short lived kingdom established in Manchuria today s Northeast China and Outer Manchuria by the Jurchen warlord Puxian Wannu in 1215 during the Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty It was eventually conquered by the Mongols and its former territories were later administered by the Liaoyang province of the Yuan dynasty Eastern Xia東夏1215 1233CapitalKaiyuan 開元 YanjiCommon languagesJurchen ChineseGovernmentMonarchyEmperor 1215 1233Puxian WannuHistorical eraPost classical history Dynasty established by Puxian Wannu1215 Destroyed by Mongol Empire after rebellion1233Currencycash coins Dongzheng Xingbao Preceded by Succeeded byJin dynasty Mongol EmpireToday part ofChinaRussiaHistory EditPuxian Wannu originally served the waning Jin dynasty under pressure from the Mongol Empire While the Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Jin a Khitan chief Yelu Liuge 耶律留哥 revolted against the Jin dynasty in Liaodong in 1211 and made contact with the Mongol Empire in the next year In 1214 the Jin dynasty dispatched Puxian Wannu to Liaodong but he was defeated around Kaiyuan While Mukhali of the Mongol Empire invaded Northern China and captured the Jin capital Zhongdu Puxian Wannu rebelled against the Jin dynasty and founded the Eastern Xia dynasty in Dongjing Liaoyang in 1215 with the support of the Mongols During that year as a vassal he sent his son Tege 帖哥 鐵哥 Tiege as a hostage to the Mongols in 1216 He adopted the title of Tianwang 天王 lit Heavenly King and named his era Tiantai 天泰 He also established the government institutions based on the Jin systems Although originally acknowledged his allegiance to the Mongol Empire he however rebelled against the Mongols and killed the Mongolian resident commissioners in 1217 He also moved the capital to Nanjing 南京 literally southern capital in modern day Mopancun Fortress near Yanji Jilin province In 1233 Guyuk then a prince was dispatched by Ogedei Khan to conquer the Eastern Xia Puxian Wannu was captured and killed in the same year which marked the official end of the Eastern Xia kingdom The Jin dynasty was also conquered by the Mongols in the next year The actual name of the kingdom is controversial Chinese documents call it Dongxia 东夏 東夏 but Goryeo almost always called it Dongzhen 東眞 Yanai Wataru insisted that Xia 夏 was a misinterpretation of Zhen 眞 In the meanwhile Ikeuchi Hiroshi claimed that Dongzhen was an abbreviated form of Dong Nuzhen 东女眞 東女眞 Eastern Jurchen and was just an alias See also EditMongol conquest of Eastern Xia Jin dynasty 1115 1234 Jurchen people Western XiaReferences Edit Historical Dictionary of Tibet by John Powers David Templeman p 493 China Archaeology amp Art Digest Volume 3 Issue 1 p 205 Warfare in Chinese History by H J Van Derven p239 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eastern Xia amp oldid 1108433220, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
