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List of most massive black holes

February 20, 2023

This is an ordered list of the most massive black holes so far discovered (and probable candidates), measured in units of solar masses (M☉), approximately 2×1030 kilograms.

An artist's impression of a supermassive black hole devouring matter from an accretion disc

Introduction

 
Comparisons of large and small black holes in galaxy OJ 287 to the Solar System.

A supermassive black hole (SMBH) is an extremely large black hole, on the order of hundreds of thousands to billions of solar masses (M☉), and is theorized to exist in the center of almost all massive galaxies. In some galaxies, there are even binary systems of supermassive black holes, see the OJ 287 system. Unambiguous dynamical evidence for SMBHs exists only in a handful of galaxies;[1] these include the Milky Way, the Local Group galaxies M31 and M32, and a few galaxies beyond the Local Group, e.g. NGC 4395. In these galaxies, the mean square (or root mean square) velocities of the stars or gas rises as ~1/r near the center, indicating a central point mass. In all other galaxies observed to date, the rms velocities are flat, or even falling, toward the center, making it impossible to state with certainty that a supermassive black hole is present.[1] Nevertheless, it is commonly accepted that the center of nearly every galaxy contains a supermassive black hole.[2] The reason for this assumption is the M–sigma relation, a tight (low scatter) relation between the mass of the hole in the ~10 galaxies with secure detections, and the velocity dispersion of the stars in the bulges of those galaxies.[3] This correlation, although based on just a handful of galaxies, suggests to many astronomers a strong connection between the formation of the black hole and the galaxy itself.[2]

Although SMBHs are currently theorized to exist in almost all massive galaxies, more massive black holes are rare; with only fewer than several dozen having been discovered to date. There is extreme difficulty in determining the mass of a particular SMBH, and so they still remain in the field of open research. SMBHs with accurate masses are limited only to galaxies within the Laniakea Supercluster and to active galactic nuclei.

Another problem for this list is the method used in determining the mass. Such methods, such as broad emission-line reverberation mapping (BLRM), Doppler measurements, velocity dispersion, and the aforementioned M–sigma relation have not yet been well established. Most of the time, the masses derived from the given methods contradict each other's values.

This list contains supermassive black holes with known masses, determined at least to the order of magnitude. Some objects in this list have two citations, like 3C 273; one from Bradley M. Peterson et al. using the BLRM method,[4] and the other from Charles Nelson using [OIII]λ5007 value and velocity dispersion.[5] Note that this list is very far from complete, as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) alone detected 200000 quasars, which likely may be the homes of billion-solar-mass black holes. In addition, there are several hundred citations for black hole measurements not yet included on this list. Despite this, the majority of well-known black holes above 1 billion M☉ are shown. Messier galaxies with precisely known black holes are all included.

New discoveries suggest that many black holes, dubbed 'stupendously large', may exceed 100 billion or even 1 trillion solar masses.[6]

List

Due to the very large numbers involved, listed black holes here have their mass values in scientific notation (numbers multiplied to powers of 10). Values with uncertainties are written in parentheses when possible. Note that different entries in this list have different methods and systematics in obtaining their mass values, and hence different levels of confidence in their masses. These methods are specified in their notes.

List of most massive black holes
Name Solar mass
(Sun = 1 × 100) 		Notes
Phoenix A 1×1011[7] Estimated using a calorimetric model on the adiabatic behavior of core regrowth and an assumed core-Sérsic model of n=4. It is consistent with evolutionary modelling of gas accretion and the dynamics and density profiles of the galaxy.[7] Mass has not been measured directly.
4C +74.13 5.13+9.66
−3.35×1010[8][9]		 Produced a colossal AGN outburst after accreting 600 million M☉ worth of material.

Estimated using the break radius of 0.5 kpc core of the central galaxy.[8][9] Previous indirect assumptions about the efficiencies of gas accretion and jet power yield a lower limit of 1 billion M☉.[10][11][12]

The above masses are larger than what is predicted by current models of black hole growth, and are thus potentially unreliable
(Theoretical limit) 5×1010 This is the maximum mass of a black hole that models predict, at least for luminous accreting SMBH's. At around 1010 M☉, both effects of intense radiation and star formation in the accretion disc slows down black hole growth. Given the age of the universe and the composition of available matter, there is simply not enough time to grow black holes larger than this mass.[13][14][15][16] Reported for reference.
TON 618 4.07×1010[17] Estimated from quasar C IV line correlation. An older estimate gives a mass of 6.6×1010M☉ based on the quasar Hβ emission line correlation.[18]
Holmberg 15A (4.0±0.8)×1010[19] Mass specified obtained through orbit-based, axisymmetric Schwarzschild models. Earlier estimates range from ~310 billion M☉ down to 3 billion M☉, all relying on empirical scaling relations and are thus obtained from extrapolation and not from kinematical measurements.[20]
IC 1101 (4–10)×1010[21] Estimated from properties of the host galaxy (Faber–Jackson relation); mass has not been measured directly.
S5 0014+81 4×1010[22][23][24] A 2010 paper suggested that a funnel collimates the radiation around the jet axis, creating an optical illusion of very high brightness, and thus a possible overestimation of the black hole mass.[22]
SMSS J215728.21-360215.1 (3.4±0.6)×1010[25] Estimated using near-infrared spectroscopic measurements of the MgII emission line doublet.
SDSS J102325.31+514251.0 3.31+0.67
−0.56×1010[26]		 Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation.
H1821+643 3×1010[27] Value obtained as an indirect estimate using a model of minimum Eddington luminosity required to account for the Compton cooling of the surrounding cluster.[27]
NGC 6166 2.84+0.27
−0.18×1010[28]		 Central galaxy of Abell 2199; notable for its hundred thousand light year long relativistic jet.
2MASS J13260399+7023462 (2.7±0.4)×1010[29] Estimated using the full-width half maxima of the CIV emission line and monochromatic luminosity at 1350 Å wavelength.
APM 08279+5255 2.3×1010[30]
1.0+0.17
−0.13×1010[31]		 Based on velocity width of CO line from orbiting molecular gas,[30] and reverberation mapping using SiIV and CIV emission lines.[31]
NGC 4889 (2.1±1.6)×1010[32][33] Best fit: the estimate ranges from 6 billion to 37 billion M☉.[32][33]
SDSS J074521.78+734336.1 (1.95±0.05)×1010[26] Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation.
OJ 287 primary 1.8×1010[34] A smaller 100 million M☉ black hole orbits this one in a 12-year period (see OJ 287 secondary below). But this measurement is in question[by whom?] due to the limited number and precision of observed companion orbits.
NGC 1600 (1.7±0.15)×1010[35][36] Unprecedentedly massive in relation of its location: an elliptical galaxy host in a sparse environment.
SDSS J010013.02+280225.8 5.0×109 – 1.58×1010[37]
SDSS J08019.69+373047.3 (1.51±0.31)×1010[26] Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation.
SDSS J115954.33+201921.1 (1.41±0.10)×1010[26] Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation.
SDSS J075303.34+423130.8 (1.38±0.03)×1010[26] Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation.
SDSS J080430.56+542041.1 (1.35±0.22)×1010[26] Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation.
Abell 1201 BCG (1.3±0.6)×1010[38] Estimated from the strong gravitational lensing of a background galaxy behind the BCG.[38] Beware of ambiguity between the BH mass determination and the galaxy cluster's dark matter profile.[39]
SDSS J081855.77+095848.0 (1.20±0.06)×1010[26] Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation.
NGC 1270 1.2×1010[40] Elliptical galaxy located in the Perseus Cluster. Also is a low-luminosity AGN (LLAGN).[41]
SDSS J082535.19+512706.3 (1.12±0.20)×1010[26] Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line
SDSS J013127.34-032100.1 (1.1±0.2)×1010[42] Estimated from accretion disk spectrum modelling.[42]
PSO J334.2028+01.4075 1×1010[43] There are actually two black holes, orbiting at each other in a close pair with a 542-day period. The largest one is quoted, while the smaller one's mass is not defined.[43]
Black hole of central elliptical galaxy of RX J1532.9+3021 1×1010[44]
QSO B2126-158 1×1010[22]
NGC 1281 1×1010[45] Compact elliptical galaxy in the Perseus Cluster. Mass estimates range from 10 billion M☉ down to <5 billion M☉.[46]
SDSS J015741.57-010629.6 (9.8±1.4)×109[26]
NGC 3842 9.7+3.0
−2.5×109[32][33]		 Brightest galaxy in the Leo Cluster
SDSS J230301.45-093930.7 (9.12±0.88)×109[26] Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation.
SDSS J140821.67+025733.2 8×109[47] Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation.
SDSS J075819.70+202300.9 (7.8±3.9)×109[26] Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation.
CID-947 6.9+0.8
−1.2×109[48]		 Constitutes 10% of the total mass of its host galaxy. Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation.
SDSS J080956.02+502000.9 (6.46±0.45)×109[26] Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation.
SDSS J014214.75+002324.2 (6.31±1.16)×109[26] Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation.
Messier 87 7.22+0.34
−0.40×109[49]
6.3×109[50]		 Central galaxy of the Virgo Cluster; the first black hole directly imaged.
NGC 5419 7.2+2.7
−1.9×109[51]		 Estimated from the stellar velocity distribution. A secondary satellite SMBH may orbit around 70 parsecs.[51]
SDSS J025905.63+001121.9 (5.25±0.73)×109[26] Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation.
SDSS J094202.04+042244.5 (5.13±0.71)×109[26] Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation.
QSO B0746+254 5×109[22]
QSO B2149-306 5×109[22]
SDSS J090033.50+421547.0 (4.7±0.2)×109[26] Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation.
Messier 60 (4.5±1.0)×109[52]
SDSS J011521.20+152453.3 (4.1±2.4)×109[26] Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation.
QSO B0222+185 4×109[22]
Hercules A (3C 348) 4×109 Notable for its million light-year long relativistic jet.
Abell 1836-BCG 3.61+0.41
−0.50×109[53]
SDSS J213023.61+122252.0 (3.5±0.2)×109[26] Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation.
SDSS J173352.23+540030.4 (3.4±0.4)×109[26] Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation.
SDSS J025021.76-075749.9 (3.1±0.6)×109[26] Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation.
NGC 1271 3.0+1.0
−1.1×109[54]		 Compact elliptical or lenticular galaxy in the Perseus Cluster.[55]
SDSS J030341.04-002321.9 (3.0±0.4)×109[26] Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation.
QSO B0836+710 3×109[22]
SDSS J224956.08+000218.0 (2.63±1.21)×109[26] Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation.
SDSS J030449.85-000813.4 (2.4±0.50)×109[26] Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation.
SDSS J234625.66-001600.4 (2.24±0.15)×109[26] Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation.
PKS 2128-123 2.02×109[56]
ULAS J1120+0641 2×109[57][58]
QSO 0537-286 2×109[22]
NGC 3115 2×109[59]
Q0906+6930 2×109[60] Most distant blazar, at z = 5.47
QSO B0805+614 1.5×109[22]
Messier 84 1.5×109[61]
J100758.264+211529.207 ("Pōniuāʻena") (1.5±0.2)×109[62] Second most-distant quasar known
PKS 2059+034 1.36×109[56]
Abell 3565-BCG 1.34+0.21
−0.19×109[53]
NGC 7768 1.3+0.5
−0.4×109[33]
NGC 1277 1.2×109[63] Once thought to harbor a black hole so large that it contradicted modern galaxy formation and evolutionary theories,[64] re-analysis of the data revised it downward to roughly a third of the original estimate.[65] and then one tenth.[63]
QSO B225155+2217 1×109[22]
QSO B1210+330 1×109[22]
Cygnus A 1×109[66] Brightest extrasolar radio source in the sky as seen at frequencies above 1 GHz
Sombrero Galaxy 1×109[67] Bolometrically most luminous galaxy in the local universe and also the nearest billion-solar-mass black hole to Earth.
Markarian 501 9×108–3.4×109[68] Brightest object in the sky in very high energy gamma rays.
PG 1426+015 (1.298±0.385)×109[4]
467740000[5]
3C 273 (8.86±1.87)×108[4]
550000000[5]		 Brightest quasar in the sky
ULAS J1342+0928 8×108[69] Most distant quasar[69] − currently on record as the most distant quasar at z=7.54[69]
Messier 49 5.6×108[70]
ESO 444-46 5.01×108–7.76×1010[8][9] Brightest cluster galaxy of Abell 3558 in the center of the Shapley Supercluster; estimated using spheroidal luminosity profile of the host galaxy.
NGC 1399 5×108[71] Central galaxy of the Fornax Cluster
PG 0804+761 (6.93±0.83)×108[4]
190550000[5]
PG 1617+175 (5.94±1.38)×108[4]
275420000[5]
PG 1700+518 7.81+1.82
−1.65×108[4]
60260000[5]
UGC 12591 (6.18±2.61)×108[72]
NGC 4261 4×108[73] Notable for its 88000 light-year long relativistic jet.[74]
PG 1307+085 (4.4±1.23)×108[4]
281 840 000[5]
SAGE0536AGN (3.5±0.8)×108[75][76] Constitutes 1.4% of the mass of its host galaxy
NGC 1275 3.4×108[77][78] Central galaxy of the Perseus Cluster
3C 390.3 (2.87±0.64)×108[4]
338840000[5]
II Zwicky 136 (4.57±0.55)×108[4]
144540000[5]
PG 0052+251 (3.69±0.76)×108[4]
218780000[5]
Messier 59 2.7×108[79] This black hole has a retrograde rotation.[80]
PG 1411+442 (4.43±1.46)×108[4]
79430000[5]
Markarian 876 (2.79±1.29)×108[4]
240000000[5]
Andromeda Galaxy 2.3×108 Nearest large galaxy to the Milky Way
PG 0953+414 (2.76±0.59)×108[4]
182000000[5]
PG 0026+129 (3.93±0.96)×108[4]
53700000[5]
Fairall 9 (2.55±0.56)×108[4]
79430000[5]
NGC 7727 1.54+0.18
−0.15×108[81]		 with 6.3×106 companion and the closest confirmed BBH to Earth at about 89 million light years away
Markarian 1095 (1.5±0.19)×108[4]
182000000[5]
Messier 105 1.4×108–2×108[82]
Markarian 509 (1.43±0.12)×108[4]
57550000[5]
OJ 287 secondary 1×108[34] The smaller black hole orbiting OJ 287 primary (see above).
RX J124236.9-111935 1×108[83] Observed by the Chandra X-ray Observatory to be tidally disrupting a star.[83][84]
Messier 85 1×108[85]
NGC 5548 (6.71±0.26)×107[4]
123000000[5]
PG 1211+143 (1.46±0.44)×108[4]
40740000[5]
Messier 88 8×107[86]
Messier 81 (Bode's Galaxy) 7×107[87]
Markarian 771 (7.32±3.52)×107[4]
7.586×107[5]
Messier 58 7×107[88]
PG 0844+349 (9.24±3.81)×107[4]
2.138×107[5]
Centaurus A 5.5×107[89] Also notable for its million light-year long relativistic jet.[90]
Markarian 79 (5.24±1.44)×107[4]
5.25×107[5]
Messier 96 48000000[91] Estimates can be as low as 1.5 million solar masses
Markarian 817 (4.94±0.77)×107[4]
4.365×107[5]
NGC 3227 (4.22±2.14)×107[4]
3.89×107[5]
NGC 4151 primary 4×107[92][93]
3C 120 5.55+3.14
−2.25×107[4]
2.29×107[5]
Markarian 279 (3.49±0.92)×107[4]
4.17×107[5]
NGC 3516 (4.27±1.46)×107[4]
2.3×107[5]
NGC 863 (4.75±0.74)×107[4]
1.77×107[5]
Messier 82 (Cigar Galaxy) 3×107[94] Prototype starburst galaxy.[95]
Messier 108 2.4×107[96]
M60-UCD1 2×107[97] Constitutes 15% of the mass of its host galaxy.
NGC 3783 (2.98±0.54)×107[4]
9300000[5]
Markarian 110 (2.51±0.61)×107[4]
5620000[5]
Markarian 335 (1.42±0.37)×107[4]
6310000[5]
NGC 4151 secondary 10000000[93]
NGC 7469 (12.2±1.4)×106[4]
6460000[5]
IC 4329 A 9.90+17.88
−11.88×106[4]
5010000[5]
NGC 4593 5.36+9.37
−6.95×106[4]
8130000[5]
Messier 61 5×106[98]
Messier 32 1.5×106–5×106[99] A dwarf satellite galaxy of the Andromeda Galaxy.
Sagittarius A* 4.3×106[100] The black hole at the center of the Milky Way.

See also

References

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February 20, 2023
list, most, massive, black, holes, this, ordered, list, most, massive, black, holes, discovered, probable, candidates, measured, units, solar, masses, approximately, 1030, kilograms, artist, impression, supermassive, black, hole, devouring, matter, from, accre. This is an ordered list of the most massive black holes so far discovered and probable candidates measured in units of solar masses M approximately 2 1030 kilograms An artist s impression of a supermassive black hole devouring matter from an accretion disc Contents 1 Introduction 2 List 3 See also 4 ReferencesIntroduction Comparisons of large and small black holes in galaxy OJ 287 to the Solar System A supermassive black hole SMBH is an extremely large black hole on the order of hundreds of thousands to billions of solar masses M and is theorized to exist in the center of almost all massive galaxies In some galaxies there are even binary systems of supermassive black holes see the OJ 287 system Unambiguous dynamical evidence for SMBHs exists only in a handful of galaxies 1 these include the Milky Way the Local Group galaxies M31 and M32 and a few galaxies beyond the Local Group e g NGC 4395 In these galaxies the mean square or root mean square velocities of the stars or gas rises as 1 r near the center indicating a central point mass In all other galaxies observed to date the rms velocities are flat or even falling toward the center making it impossible to state with certainty that a supermassive black hole is present 1 Nevertheless it is commonly accepted that the center of nearly every galaxy contains a supermassive black hole 2 The reason for this assumption is the M sigma relation a tight low scatter relation between the mass of the hole in the 10 galaxies with secure detections and the velocity dispersion of the stars in the bulges of those galaxies 3 This correlation although based on just a handful of galaxies suggests to many astronomers a strong connection between the formation of the black hole and the galaxy itself 2 Although SMBHs are currently theorized to exist in almost all massive galaxies more massive black holes are rare with only fewer than several dozen having been discovered to date There is extreme difficulty in determining the mass of a particular SMBH and so they still remain in the field of open research SMBHs with accurate masses are limited only to galaxies within the Laniakea Supercluster and to active galactic nuclei Another problem for this list is the method used in determining the mass Such methods such as broad emission line reverberation mapping BLRM Doppler measurements velocity dispersion and the aforementioned M sigma relation have not yet been well established Most of the time the masses derived from the given methods contradict each other s values This list contains supermassive black holes with known masses determined at least to the order of magnitude Some objects in this list have two citations like 3C 273 one from Bradley M Peterson et al using the BLRM method 4 and the other from Charles Nelson using OIII l5007 value and velocity dispersion 5 Note that this list is very far from complete as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SDSS alone detected 200000 quasars which likely may be the homes of billion solar mass black holes In addition there are several hundred citations for black hole measurements not yet included on this list Despite this the majority of well known black holes above 1 billion M are shown Messier galaxies with precisely known black holes are all included New discoveries suggest that many black holes dubbed stupendously large may exceed 100 billion or even 1 trillion solar masses 6 ListThis list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items June 2017 Due to the very large numbers involved listed black holes here have their mass values in scientific notation numbers multiplied to powers of 10 Values with uncertainties are written in parentheses when possible Note that different entries in this list have different methods and systematics in obtaining their mass values and hence different levels of confidence in their masses These methods are specified in their notes List of most massive black holes Name Solar mass Sun 1 100 NotesPhoenix A 1 1011 7 Estimated using a calorimetric model on the adiabatic behavior of core regrowth and an assumed core Sersic model of n 4 It is consistent with evolutionary modelling of gas accretion and the dynamics and density profiles of the galaxy 7 Mass has not been measured directly 4C 74 13 5 13 9 66 3 35 1010 8 9 Produced a colossal AGN outburst after accreting 600 million M worth of material Estimated using the break radius of 0 5 kpc core of the central galaxy 8 9 Previous indirect assumptions about the efficiencies of gas accretion and jet power yield a lower limit of 1 billion M 10 11 12 The above masses are larger than what is predicted by current models of black hole growth and are thus potentially unreliable Theoretical limit 5 1010 This is the maximum mass of a black hole that models predict at least for luminous accreting SMBH s At around 1010 M both effects of intense radiation and star formation in the accretion disc slows down black hole growth Given the age of the universe and the composition of available matter there is simply not enough time to grow black holes larger than this mass 13 14 15 16 Reported for reference TON 618 4 07 1010 17 Estimated from quasar C IV line correlation An older estimate gives a mass of 6 6 1010 M based on the quasar Hb emission line correlation 18 Holmberg 15A 4 0 0 8 1010 19 Mass specified obtained through orbit based axisymmetric Schwarzschild models Earlier estimates range from 310 billion M down to 3 billion M all relying on empirical scaling relations and are thus obtained from extrapolation and not from kinematical measurements 20 IC 1101 4 10 1010 21 Estimated from properties of the host galaxy Faber Jackson relation mass has not been measured directly S5 0014 81 4 1010 22 23 24 A 2010 paper suggested that a funnel collimates the radiation around the jet axis creating an optical illusion of very high brightness and thus a possible overestimation of the black hole mass 22 SMSS J215728 21 360215 1 3 4 0 6 1010 25 Estimated using near infrared spectroscopic measurements of the MgII emission line doublet SDSS J102325 31 514251 0 3 31 0 67 0 56 1010 26 Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation H1821 643 3 1010 27 Value obtained as an indirect estimate using a model of minimum Eddington luminosity required to account for the Compton cooling of the surrounding cluster 27 NGC 6166 2 84 0 27 0 18 1010 28 Central galaxy of Abell 2199 notable for its hundred thousand light year long relativistic jet 2MASS J13260399 7023462 2 7 0 4 1010 29 Estimated using the full width half maxima of the CIV emission line and monochromatic luminosity at 1350 A wavelength APM 08279 5255 2 3 1010 30 1 0 0 17 0 13 1010 31 Based on velocity width of CO line from orbiting molecular gas 30 and reverberation mapping using SiIV and CIV emission lines 31 NGC 4889 2 1 1 6 1010 32 33 Best fit the estimate ranges from 6 billion to 37 billion M 32 33 SDSS J074521 78 734336 1 1 95 0 05 1010 26 Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation OJ 287 primary 1 8 1010 34 A smaller 100 million M black hole orbits this one in a 12 year period see OJ 287 secondary below But this measurement is in question by whom due to the limited number and precision of observed companion orbits NGC 1600 1 7 0 15 1010 35 36 Unprecedentedly massive in relation of its location an elliptical galaxy host in a sparse environment SDSS J010013 02 280225 8 5 0 109 1 58 1010 37 SDSS J08019 69 373047 3 1 51 0 31 1010 26 Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation SDSS J115954 33 201921 1 1 41 0 10 1010 26 Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation SDSS J075303 34 423130 8 1 38 0 03 1010 26 Estimated from quasar Hb emission line correlation SDSS J080430 56 542041 1 1 35 0 22 1010 26 Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation Abell 1201 BCG 1 3 0 6 1010 38 Estimated from the strong gravitational lensing of a background galaxy behind the BCG 38 Beware of ambiguity between the BH mass determination and the galaxy cluster s dark matter profile 39 SDSS J081855 77 095848 0 1 20 0 06 1010 26 Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation NGC 1270 1 2 1010 40 Elliptical galaxy located in the Perseus Cluster Also is a low luminosity AGN LLAGN 41 SDSS J082535 19 512706 3 1 12 0 20 1010 26 Estimated from quasar Hb emission lineSDSS J013127 34 032100 1 1 1 0 2 1010 42 Estimated from accretion disk spectrum modelling 42 PSO J334 2028 01 4075 1 1010 43 There are actually two black holes orbiting at each other in a close pair with a 542 day period The largest one is quoted while the smaller one s mass is not defined 43 Black hole of central elliptical galaxy of RX J1532 9 3021 1 1010 44 QSO B2126 158 1 1010 22 NGC 1281 1 1010 45 Compact elliptical galaxy in the Perseus Cluster Mass estimates range from 10 billion M down to lt 5 billion M 46 SDSS J015741 57 010629 6 9 8 1 4 109 26 NGC 3842 9 7 3 0 2 5 109 32 33 Brightest galaxy in the Leo ClusterSDSS J230301 45 093930 7 9 12 0 88 109 26 Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation SDSS J140821 67 025733 2 8 109 47 Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation SDSS J075819 70 202300 9 7 8 3 9 109 26 Estimated from quasar Hb emission line correlation CID 947 6 9 0 8 1 2 109 48 Constitutes 10 of the total mass of its host galaxy Estimated from quasar Hb emission line correlation SDSS J080956 02 502000 9 6 46 0 45 109 26 Estimated from quasar Hb emission line correlation SDSS J014214 75 002324 2 6 31 1 16 109 26 Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation Messier 87 7 22 0 34 0 40 109 49 6 3 109 50 Central galaxy of the Virgo Cluster the first black hole directly imaged NGC 5419 7 2 2 7 1 9 109 51 Estimated from the stellar velocity distribution A secondary satellite SMBH may orbit around 70 parsecs 51 SDSS J025905 63 001121 9 5 25 0 73 109 26 Estimated from quasar Hb emission line correlation SDSS J094202 04 042244 5 5 13 0 71 109 26 Estimated from quasar Hb emission line correlation QSO B0746 254 5 109 22 QSO B2149 306 5 109 22 SDSS J090033 50 421547 0 4 7 0 2 109 26 Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation Messier 60 4 5 1 0 109 52 SDSS J011521 20 152453 3 4 1 2 4 109 26 Estimated from quasar Hb emission line correlation QSO B0222 185 4 109 22 Hercules A 3C 348 4 109 Notable for its million light year long relativistic jet Abell 1836 BCG 3 61 0 41 0 50 109 53 SDSS J213023 61 122252 0 3 5 0 2 109 26 Estimated from quasar Hb emission line correlation SDSS J173352 23 540030 4 3 4 0 4 109 26 Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation SDSS J025021 76 075749 9 3 1 0 6 109 26 Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation NGC 1271 3 0 1 0 1 1 109 54 Compact elliptical or lenticular galaxy in the Perseus Cluster 55 SDSS J030341 04 002321 9 3 0 0 4 109 26 Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation QSO B0836 710 3 109 22 SDSS J224956 08 000218 0 2 63 1 21 109 26 Estimated from quasar Hb emission line correlation SDSS J030449 85 000813 4 2 4 0 50 109 26 Estimated from quasar Hb emission line correlation SDSS J234625 66 001600 4 2 24 0 15 109 26 Estimated from quasar Hb emission line correlation PKS 2128 123 2 02 109 56 ULAS J1120 0641 2 109 57 58 QSO 0537 286 2 109 22 NGC 3115 2 109 59 Q0906 6930 2 109 60 Most distant blazar at z 5 47QSO B0805 614 1 5 109 22 Messier 84 1 5 109 61 J100758 264 211529 207 Pōniuaʻena 1 5 0 2 109 62 Second most distant quasar knownPKS 2059 034 1 36 109 56 Abell 3565 BCG 1 34 0 21 0 19 109 53 NGC 7768 1 3 0 5 0 4 109 33 NGC 1277 1 2 109 63 Once thought to harbor a black hole so large that it contradicted modern galaxy formation and evolutionary theories 64 re analysis of the data revised it downward to roughly a third of the original estimate 65 and then one tenth 63 QSO B225155 2217 1 109 22 QSO B1210 330 1 109 22 Cygnus A 1 109 66 Brightest extrasolar radio source in the sky as seen at frequencies above 1 GHzSombrero Galaxy 1 109 67 Bolometrically most luminous galaxy in the local universe and also the nearest billion solar mass black hole to Earth Markarian 501 9 108 3 4 109 68 Brightest object in the sky in very high energy gamma rays PG 1426 015 1 298 0 385 109 4 467740 000 5 3C 273 8 86 1 87 108 4 550000 000 5 Brightest quasar in the skyULAS J1342 0928 8 108 69 Most distant quasar 69 currently on record as the most distant quasar at z 7 54 69 Messier 49 5 6 108 70 ESO 444 46 5 01 108 7 76 1010 8 9 Brightest cluster galaxy of Abell 3558 in the center of the Shapley Supercluster estimated using spheroidal luminosity profile of the host galaxy NGC 1399 5 108 71 Central galaxy of the Fornax ClusterPG 0804 761 6 93 0 83 108 4 190550 000 5 PG 1617 175 5 94 1 38 108 4 275420 000 5 PG 1700 518 7 81 1 82 1 65 108 4 60260 000 5 UGC 12591 6 18 2 61 108 72 NGC 4261 4 108 73 Notable for its 88000 light year long relativistic jet 74 PG 1307 085 4 4 1 23 108 4 281 840 000 5 SAGE0536AGN 3 5 0 8 108 75 76 Constitutes 1 4 of the mass of its host galaxyNGC 1275 3 4 108 77 78 Central galaxy of the Perseus Cluster3C 390 3 2 87 0 64 108 4 338840 000 5 II Zwicky 136 4 57 0 55 108 4 144540 000 5 PG 0052 251 3 69 0 76 108 4 218780 000 5 Messier 59 2 7 108 79 This black hole has a retrograde rotation 80 PG 1411 442 4 43 1 46 108 4 79430 000 5 Markarian 876 2 79 1 29 108 4 240000 000 5 Andromeda Galaxy 2 3 108 Nearest large galaxy to the Milky WayPG 0953 414 2 76 0 59 108 4 182000 000 5 PG 0026 129 3 93 0 96 108 4 53700 000 5 Fairall 9 2 55 0 56 108 4 79430 000 5 NGC 7727 1 54 0 18 0 15 108 81 with 6 3 106 companion and the closest confirmed BBH to Earth at about 89 million light years awayMarkarian 1095 1 5 0 19 108 4 182000 000 5 Messier 105 1 4 108 2 108 82 Markarian 509 1 43 0 12 108 4 57550 000 5 OJ 287 secondary 1 108 34 The smaller black hole orbiting OJ 287 primary see above RX J124236 9 111935 1 108 83 Observed by the Chandra X ray Observatory to be tidally disrupting a star 83 84 Messier 85 1 108 85 NGC 5548 6 71 0 26 107 4 123000 000 5 PG 1211 143 1 46 0 44 108 4 40740 000 5 Messier 88 8 107 86 Messier 81 Bode s Galaxy 7 107 87 Markarian 771 7 32 3 52 107 4 7 586 107 5 Messier 58 7 107 88 PG 0844 349 9 24 3 81 107 4 2 138 107 5 Centaurus A 5 5 107 89 Also notable for its million light year long relativistic jet 90 Markarian 79 5 24 1 44 107 4 5 25 107 5 Messier 96 48000 000 91 Estimates can be as low as 1 5 million solar massesMarkarian 817 4 94 0 77 107 4 4 365 107 5 NGC 3227 4 22 2 14 107 4 3 89 107 5 NGC 4151 primary 4 107 92 93 3C 120 5 55 3 14 2 25 107 4 2 29 107 5 Markarian 279 3 49 0 92 107 4 4 17 107 5 NGC 3516 4 27 1 46 107 4 2 3 107 5 NGC 863 4 75 0 74 107 4 1 77 107 5 Messier 82 Cigar Galaxy 3 107 94 Prototype starburst galaxy 95 Messier 108 2 4 107 96 M60 UCD1 2 107 97 Constitutes 15 of the mass of its host galaxy NGC 3783 2 98 0 54 107 4 9300 000 5 Markarian 110 2 51 0 61 107 4 5620 000 5 Markarian 335 1 42 0 37 107 4 6310 000 5 NGC 4151 secondary 10000 000 93 NGC 7469 12 2 1 4 106 4 6460 000 5 IC 4329 A 9 90 17 88 11 88 106 4 5010 000 5 NGC 4593 5 36 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