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List of bodies of water by salinity

October 21, 2023

This is a list of bodies of water by salinity that is limited to natural bodies of water that have a stable salinity above 0.05%, at or below which water is considered fresh.

Water salinity often varies by location and season, particularly with hypersaline lakes in arid areas, so the salinity figures in the table below should be interpreted as an approximate indicator.

Salinity, g/100 g (%) Name Type Region or countries Refs
50 Lake Elton salt lake Astrakhan oblast, Russia [1]
43.3 Gaet'ale Pond salt lake Ethiopia [2][3]
40.0 Lake Retba salt lake Senegal [citation needed]
35.0 Garabogazköl lagoon Turkmenistan [4]
34.8 Lake Assal salt lake Djibouti [5]
33.8 Don Juan Pond salt lake Antarctica [6]
33.7 Dead Sea salt lake Israel, Jordan, West Bank [7]
32.4 Lake Tuz (Tuz Gölü) salt lake Turkey [8]
31.7 Great Salt Lake, North Arm salt lake Great Basin, Utah, United States [9]
30.0 Lake Baskunchak salt lake Astrakhan Oblast, Russia [10]
30.0 Lake Sărat salt lake Brăila, Romania [11][12]
8.50–28.0 Lake Urmia salt lake Iran [13]
18.0 Little Manitou Lake salt lake Canada [14]
15.3 Lake Pikrolimni salt lake Greece [15]
0.00–14.6 Lake Vanda meromictic lake Antarctica [16]
14.2 Great Salt Lake, South Arm salt lake Great Basin, Utah, United States [9]
12.0 Lake Abert salt lake Great Basin, Oregon, United States [17]
9.50 Lake Techirghiol salt lake Romania [18]
8.80 Mono Lake salt lake Great Basin, California, United States [19] (as of 2015)
6.60 Hamelin Pool lagoon Australia [20]
4.40 Salton Sea salt lake Great Basin, California, United States [21]
4.10–4.50 Great Bitter Lake salt lake Egypt [22]
3.80 Mediterranean Sea mediterranean sea Southern Europe, Levant, North Africa [23]
3.60–4.10 Red Sea mediterranean sea Egypt, Sudan, Arabian Peninsula, Horn of Africa [24]
3.00–4.00 Lake Natron salt lake Tanzania [25]
3.40–3.60 World Ocean ocean Worldwide [26]
3.50+ Lake Eyre endorheic lake Australia [27][n 1]
3.40 Lough Hyne marine lake Republic of Ireland [28]
2.80–3.20 Beaufort Sea marginal sea North of Alaska and Canada [29]
2.20 Sea of Marmara mediterranean sea Between the Balkan Peninsula and the Anatolian peninsula [30]
3.17 Chilika Lake lagoon India [31]
1.30–2.30 Black Sea mediterranean sea Between Europe and Asia - Balkan Peninsula, Eastern Europe, Anatolia, Caucasus [32]
2.30 Lake Van salt lake Turkey [33]
1.40 Qinghai Lake salt lake China [34]
1.25 Caspian Sea salt lake Eastern Europe/ Western Asia [35]
1.14 Sarygamysh Lake salt lake Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan [36]
1.00–1.20 Sea of Azov mediterranean sea Ukraine, Russia [37][38]
0.8–1.0 Baltic Sea marginal sea Northern Europe [39][n 2]
0.59 Issyk Kul salt lake Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia [40][n 3]

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ "Lake Elton | Volga River, Wetland, Wildlife | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  2. ^ Perez, Eduardo; Chebude, Yonas (April 2017). "Chemical Analysis of Gaet'ale, a Hypersaline Pond in Danakil Depression (Ethiopia): New Record for the Most Saline Water Body on Earth". Aquatic Geochemistry. 23 (2): 109–117. doi:10.1007/s10498-017-9312-z. S2CID 132715553.
  3. ^ "Guinness World Records".
  4. ^ Aladin, Nicolai; Plotnikov, Igor (28 June 2004). Lake Basin Management Initiative - The Caspian Sea (PDF) (Report). p. 6. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  5. ^ Woodward, Susan L. "Saline Lakes". Biomes of the World. Radford, Virginia: Department of Geospatial Science, Radford University. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  6. ^ Hammer, U.T. (1986). Saline Lake Ecosystems of the World. Springer. p. 109. ISBN 9789061935353. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  7. ^ Goetz, P.W. (ed.) The New Encyclopædia Britannica (15th ed.). Vol. 3, p. 937. Chicago, 1986
  8. ^ "Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Unesco World Heritage Center. 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  9. ^ a b White, James S.; Null, Sarah E.; Tarboton, David (2004). "More than Meets the Eye: Managing Salinity in Great Salt Lake, Utah" (PDF). LakeLine (Fall 2004): 25–29. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  10. ^ "Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky - Russian Nature Reserve".
  11. ^ "About Lacu Sărat".
  12. ^ "Observator on Lacu Sărat".
  13. ^ "Lake Urmia". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  14. ^ . The Canadian Encyclopedia.
  15. ^ Dotsika, E.; Maniatis, Y.; Tzavidopoulos, E.; Poutoukis, D.; Albanakis, K. (1 January 2004). "Hydrogeochemical Condition of the Pikrolimni Lake (Kilkis Greece)". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece. 36 (1): 192–195. doi:10.12681/bgsg.16618.
  16. ^ Schutte, C.A.; Samarkin, V.A.; Peters, B.; Madigan, M.T.; Bowles, M.; Morgan-Kiss, R.; Casciotti, K.; Joye, S. (1 March 2020). "Vertical stratification and stability of biogeochemical processes in the deep saline waters of Lake Vanda, Antarctica". Limnology and Oceanography. 65 (3): 569–581. doi:10.1002/lno.11327.
  17. ^ Solute Balance at Abert and Summer Lakes, South-Central Oregon
  18. ^ "Lacul Techirghiol".
  19. ^ Willever, Katherine (1 August 2016). Biogeochemistry of a Saline, Alkaline, Terminal Lake Ecosystem in Transition; Walker Lake, Nevada. UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones (Thesis). doi:10.34917/9302977.
  20. ^ Suosaari, Erica; Reid, Pamela; Playford, Phillip; et al. (2016). "New multi-scale perspectives on the stromatolites of Shark Bay, Western Australia". Scientific Reports. 6 (20557): 20557. Bibcode:2016NatSR...620557S. doi:10.1038/srep20557. PMC 4738353. PMID 26838605.
  21. ^ "The Salton Sea". The Salton Sea Authority. October 1997.
  22. ^ El-Serehy, Hamed A.; Abdallah, Hala S.; Al-Misned, Fahad A.; Irshad, Rizwan; Al-Farraj, Saleh A.; Almalki, Esam S. (2018). "Aquatic ecosystem health and trophic status classification of the Bitter Lakes along the main connecting link between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean". Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 25 (2): 204–212. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.12.004. ISSN 1319-562X. PMC 5816010. PMID 29472766.
  23. ^ "Ocean salinity". Science Learning Hub. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
  24. ^ A. Anati, David (March 1999). "The salinity of hypersaline brines: Concepts and misconceptions". International Journal of Salt Lake Research. 8: 55–70. doi:10.1023/A:1009059827435.
  25. ^ The Biology and Culture of Tilapias: Proceedings of the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, p.38
  26. ^ "Ocean salinity".
  27. ^ "Floods of Lake Eyre". k26press.
  28. ^ "Nutrient and Ecosystem Dynamics in Ireland's Only Marine Nature Reserve (NEIDIN)" (PDF).
  29. ^ "Beaufort Sea". Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian).
  30. ^ "Sea of Marmara". 25 March 2021.
  31. ^ Indian Journal of Marine Sciences - Variation of Water Quality of Chilika Lake, Orissa
  32. ^ Black Sea - Encyclopedia of Ukraine
  33. ^ Yama, Tomonaga (22 March 2017). "Porewater salinity reveals past lake-level changes in Lake Van, the Earth's largest soda lake". Scientific Reports. 7 (7): 313. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7..313T. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00371-w. PMC 5428207. PMID 28331216.
  34. ^ Zhang, Renyi; Ludwig, Arne; Zhang, Cunfang; Tong, Chao; Li, Guogang; Tang, Yongtao; Peng, Zuogang; Zhao, Kai (6 May 2015). "Local adaptation of Gymnocypris przewalskii (Cyprinidae) on the Tibetan Plateau". Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 9780. Bibcode:2015NatSR...5E9780Z. doi:10.1038/srep09780. PMC 4421831. PMID 25944748.
  35. ^ Lake Basin Management Initiative - The Caspian Sea (2004)
  36. ^ Orlovsky, Leah; Matsrafi, Offir; Orlovsky, Nikolai; Kouznetsov, Michael (2014). "Sarykamysh Lake: Collector of Drainage Water – the Past, the Present, and the Future". The Turkmen Lake Altyn Asyr and Water Resources in Turkmenistan. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Vol. 28. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp. 107–140. doi:10.1007/698_2012_191. ISBN 978-3-642-38606-0.
  37. ^ "Climatological Atlas of the Sea of Azov". National Oceanographic Data Centre. Retrieved 6 January 2008.
  38. ^ Kosarev, Andrey G.; Kostianoy, Aleksey N. (2007). The Black Sea Environment. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-74291-3.
  39. ^ Long Term Temperature & Salinity Records from the Baltic Sea Transition Zone
  40. ^ Facts about Kyrgyzstan (in Russian)

Notes Edit

  1. ^ When full, Lake Eyre salinity is the same as oceans; due to a 45cm thick salt layer when dry, it rises as water evaporates.
  2. ^ Some bays have considerably lower salinity.
  3. ^ Deeper water areas of lake Issyk Kul have higher salinity

Bibliography Edit

  • Johanna Laybourn-Parry; Jemma L. Wadham (2014). Antarctic Lakes. Oxford University Press. pp. 92–94. ISBN 978-0-19-967049-9.

October 21, 2023
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This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items January 2019 This is alist of bodies of water by salinity that is limited to natural bodies of water that have a stable salinity above 0 05 at or below which water is considered fresh Water salinity often varies by location and season particularly with hypersaline lakes in arid areas so the salinity figures in the table below should be interpreted as an approximate indicator Salinity g 100 g Name Type Region or countries Refs50 Lake Elton salt lake Astrakhan oblast Russia 1 43 3 Gaet ale Pond salt lake Ethiopia 2 3 40 0 Lake Retba salt lake Senegal citation needed 35 0 Garabogazkol lagoon Turkmenistan 4 34 8 Lake Assal salt lake Djibouti 5 33 8 Don Juan Pond salt lake Antarctica 6 33 7 Dead Sea salt lake Israel Jordan West Bank 7 32 4 Lake Tuz Tuz Golu salt lake Turkey 8 31 7 Great Salt Lake North Arm salt lake Great Basin Utah United States 9 30 0 Lake Baskunchak salt lake Astrakhan Oblast Russia 10 30 0 Lake Sărat salt lake Brăila Romania 11 12 8 50 28 0 Lake Urmia salt lake Iran 13 18 0 Little Manitou Lake salt lake Canada 14 15 3 Lake Pikrolimni salt lake Greece 15 0 00 14 6 Lake Vanda meromictic lake Antarctica 16 14 2 Great Salt Lake South Arm salt lake Great Basin Utah United States 9 12 0 Lake Abert salt lake Great Basin Oregon United States 17 9 50 Lake Techirghiol salt lake Romania 18 8 80 Mono Lake salt lake Great Basin California United States 19 as of 2015 6 60 Hamelin Pool lagoon Australia 20 4 40 Salton Sea salt lake Great Basin California United States 21 4 10 4 50 Great Bitter Lake salt lake Egypt 22 3 80 Mediterranean Sea mediterranean sea Southern Europe Levant North Africa 23 3 60 4 10 Red Sea mediterranean sea Egypt Sudan Arabian Peninsula Horn of Africa 24 3 00 4 00 Lake Natron salt lake Tanzania 25 3 40 3 60 World Ocean ocean Worldwide 26 3 50 Lake Eyre endorheic lake Australia 27 n 1 3 40 Lough Hyne marine lake Republic of Ireland 28 2 80 3 20 Beaufort Sea marginal sea North of Alaska and Canada 29 2 20 Sea of Marmara mediterranean sea Between the Balkan Peninsula and the Anatolian peninsula 30 3 17 Chilika Lake lagoon India 31 1 30 2 30 Black Sea mediterranean sea Between Europe and Asia Balkan Peninsula Eastern Europe Anatolia Caucasus 32 2 30 Lake Van salt lake Turkey 33 1 40 Qinghai Lake salt lake China 34 1 25 Caspian Sea salt lake Eastern Europe Western Asia 35 1 14 Sarygamysh Lake salt lake Turkmenistan Uzbekistan 36 1 00 1 20 Sea of Azov mediterranean sea Ukraine Russia 37 38 0 8 1 0 Baltic Sea marginal sea Northern Europe 39 n 2 0 59 Issyk Kul salt lake Kyrgyzstan Central Asia 40 n 3 See also EditList of brackish bodies of waterReferences Edit Lake Elton Volga River Wetland Wildlife Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 16 August 2023 Perez Eduardo Chebude Yonas April 2017 Chemical Analysis of Gaet ale a Hypersaline Pond in Danakil Depression Ethiopia New Record for the Most Saline Water Body on Earth Aquatic Geochemistry 23 2 109 117 doi 10 1007 s10498 017 9312 z S2CID 132715553 Guinness World Records Aladin Nicolai Plotnikov Igor 28 June 2004 Lake Basin Management Initiative The Caspian Sea PDF Report p 6 Retrieved 4 May 2018 Woodward Susan L Saline Lakes Biomes of the World Radford Virginia Department of Geospatial Science Radford University Retrieved 4 May 2018 Hammer U T 1986 Saline Lake Ecosystems of the World Springer p 109 ISBN 9789061935353 Retrieved 27 March 2018 Goetz P W ed The New Encyclopaedia Britannica 15th ed Vol 3 p 937 Chicago 1986 Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area SEPA UNESCO World Heritage Centre Unesco World Heritage Center 2020 Retrieved 5 May 2020 a b White James S Null Sarah E Tarboton David 2004 More than Meets the Eye Managing Salinity in Great Salt Lake Utah PDF LakeLine Fall 2004 25 29 Retrieved 26 April 2018 Bogdinsko Baskunchaksky Russian Nature Reserve About Lacu Sărat Observator on Lacu Sărat Lake Urmia Encyclopaedia Britannica Online 2012 Retrieved 28 August 2012 Little Manitou Lake The Canadian Encyclopedia Dotsika E Maniatis Y Tzavidopoulos E Poutoukis D Albanakis K 1 January 2004 Hydrogeochemical Condition of the Pikrolimni Lake Kilkis Greece Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36 1 192 195 doi 10 12681 bgsg 16618 Schutte C A Samarkin V A Peters B Madigan M T Bowles M Morgan Kiss R Casciotti K Joye S 1 March 2020 Vertical stratification and stability of biogeochemical processes in the deep saline waters of Lake Vanda Antarctica Limnology and Oceanography 65 3 569 581 doi 10 1002 lno 11327 Solute Balance at Abert and Summer Lakes South Central Oregon Lacul Techirghiol Willever Katherine 1 August 2016 Biogeochemistry of a Saline Alkaline Terminal Lake Ecosystem in Transition Walker Lake Nevada UNLV Theses Dissertations Professional Papers and Capstones Thesis doi 10 34917 9302977 Suosaari Erica Reid Pamela Playford Phillip et al 2016 New multi scale perspectives on the stromatolites of Shark Bay Western Australia Scientific Reports 6 20557 20557 Bibcode 2016NatSR 620557S doi 10 1038 srep20557 PMC 4738353 PMID 26838605 The Salton Sea The Salton Sea Authority October 1997 El Serehy Hamed A Abdallah Hala S Al Misned Fahad A Irshad Rizwan Al Farraj Saleh A Almalki Esam S 2018 Aquatic ecosystem health and trophic status classification of the Bitter Lakes along the main connecting link between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 25 2 204 212 doi 10 1016 j sjbs 2017 12 004 ISSN 1319 562X PMC 5816010 PMID 29472766 Ocean salinity Science Learning Hub Retrieved 2 July 2017 A Anati David March 1999 The salinity of hypersaline brines Concepts and misconceptions International Journal of Salt Lake Research 8 55 70 doi 10 1023 A 1009059827435 The Biology and Culture of Tilapias Proceedings of the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management p 38 Ocean salinity Floods of Lake Eyre k26press Nutrient and Ecosystem Dynamics in Ireland s Only Marine Nature Reserve NEIDIN PDF Beaufort Sea Great Soviet Encyclopedia in Russian Sea of Marmara 25 March 2021 Indian Journal of Marine Sciences Variation of Water Quality of Chilika Lake Orissa Black Sea Encyclopedia of Ukraine Yama Tomonaga 22 March 2017 Porewater salinity reveals past lake level changes in Lake Van the Earth s largest soda lake Scientific Reports 7 7 313 Bibcode 2017NatSR 7 313T doi 10 1038 s41598 017 00371 w PMC 5428207 PMID 28331216 Zhang Renyi Ludwig Arne Zhang Cunfang Tong Chao Li Guogang Tang Yongtao Peng Zuogang Zhao Kai 6 May 2015 Local adaptation of Gymnocypris przewalskii Cyprinidae on the Tibetan Plateau Scientific Reports 5 1 9780 Bibcode 2015NatSR 5E9780Z doi 10 1038 srep09780 PMC 4421831 PMID 25944748 Lake Basin Management Initiative The Caspian Sea 2004 Orlovsky Leah Matsrafi Offir Orlovsky Nikolai Kouznetsov Michael 2014 Sarykamysh Lake Collector of Drainage Water the Past the Present and the Future The Turkmen Lake Altyn Asyr and Water Resources in Turkmenistan The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Vol 28 Berlin Heidelberg Springer Verlag pp 107 140 doi 10 1007 698 2012 191 ISBN 978 3 642 38606 0 Climatological Atlas of the Sea of Azov National Oceanographic Data Centre Retrieved 6 January 2008 Kosarev Andrey G Kostianoy Aleksey N 2007 The Black Sea Environment Springer ISBN 978 3 540 74291 3 Long Term Temperature amp Salinity Records from the Baltic Sea Transition Zone Facts about Kyrgyzstan in Russian Notes Edit When full Lake Eyre salinity is the same as oceans due to a 45cm thick salt layer when dry it rises as water evaporates Some bays have considerably lower salinity Deeper water areas of lake Issyk Kul have higher salinityBibliography EditJohanna Laybourn Parry Jemma L Wadham 2014 Antarctic Lakes Oxford University Press pp 92 94 ISBN 978 0 19 967049 9 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of bodies of water by salinity amp oldid 1176183968, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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