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List of acanthodian genera

May 08, 2024

This list of acanthodian genera is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the subclass Acanthodii, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomina dubia), or were not formally published (nomina nuda), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered acanthodians. Not counting their descendants, the modern chondricthyans, all acanthodians are extinct. Extinct genera are marked with a dagger (†)

Various primitive acanthodians from Early Devonian England and Scotland, Mesacanthus pusillus, Parexus falcatus, Ishnacanthus gracilis

Naming conventions and terminology edit

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:

  • Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
  • Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
  • Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
  • Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
  • Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.

The List edit

Genus Status Age Location Notes
†Acanthacanthus[1] Valid. Early Lochkovian (earliest Devonian).[1] Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.[1] A vesperaliid based on scales.[2]
†Acanthodopsis Valid. Carboniferous.[3] Europe, Australia.[3] An unusual acanthodid with tooth-like ossifications on its jaws.[3]
†Acanthopora[1] Valid. Early Lochkovian (earliest Devonian).[1] Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.[1] A small ischnacanthid similar to Poracanthodes.[1]
†Acanthospina[1] Valid. Early Lochkovian (earliest Devonian).[1] Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.[1] A probable ischnacanthiform with scales similar to hybodontiform sharks.[1][3]
†Acanthodes Valid. Devonian? to Cisuralian (Early Permian).[4] Europe, North America, China? One of the most well-known acanthodians, a filter-feeding acanthodid acanthodiform.
†Acritolepis[1] Valid. Early Lochkovian (earliest Devonian).[1] Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.[1] Namesake of the ischnacanthiform family Acritolepidae.[2][5]
†Aganacanthus Valid or junior synonym. Mississippian / Early Carboniferous. Scotland. A possible gyracanthid known from a single worn fin spine, may be an indeterminate gnathostome or a junior synonym of Gyracanthus.[6]
†Ankylacanthus[7] Valid. Emsian (Early Devonian).[7] Canada.[7] An acanthodian based on fin spines, possibly one of the oldest gyracanthids.
†Antacanthus Nomen dubium? Mississippian / Early Carboniferous.[8] Belgium.[8] A possible gyracanthid known from a single fin spine.[9][6]
†Antarctonchus[10] Valid. Givetian (Middle Devonian).[10] Antarctica.[10] An Antarctic acanthodian based on fin spine casts.[10]
†Apateacanthus Valid. Late Devonian.[3] New York, U.S.A.[3] Based on a fin spine with large denticles, sometimes mistaken for an ischnacanthiform jaw.[3]
†Archaeacanthus Valid. Eifelian to Givetian (Middle Devonian).[11] Europe.[11] Based on fin spines common in Middle Devonian strata of Siberia and Northeastern Europe.[11]
†Arcticacanthus[1] Valid. Early Lochkovian to Emsian (Early Devonian).[1] Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.[1] A possible ischnacanthid based on scales.[1]
†Arenaceacanthus[12] Valid. Wenlock to early Pridoli (Silurian).[13][12] Lithuania.[12] A probable ischnacanthid based on scales, common in Lithuania.[12]
†Atopacanthus Valid. Eifelian to Early Famennian (Middle Devonian to Late Devonian).[14][15] North America, Europe,[14] Iran.[15] A widespread and long-lived ischnacanthid.[14]
†Brachyacanthus Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[16] Scotland.[17] A small climatiid[16] from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of Scotland.[17]
†Bracteatacanthus[12] Valid. Latest Pridoli (latest Silurian).[13][12] Lithuania.[12] A probable ischnacanthid based on scales.[12]
†Brochoadmones Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[18] Canada.[18] A deep-bodied and well-preserved "climatiiform" from the Man-On-The-Hill (MOTH) locality in the MacKenzie Mountains of Canada.[18]
†Bryantonchus[19] Valid. Emsian (Early Devonian).[19] U.S.A.[19] A probable diplacanthiform based on fin spines.[19]
†Byssacanthoides Valid. Givetian (Middle Devonian).[10] Antarctica.[10] An Antarctic acanthodian based on fin spine casts.[10]
†Cacheacanthus[19] Valid. Emsian (Early Devonian).[19] U.S.A.[19] Based on ischnacanthid jaw fragments from the western United States.[19]
†Campylodus Nomen dubium? Ludlow[20] to Lochkovian?[21] (late Silurian to earliest Devonian)? Europe.[20][21] Jaw fragments probably belonging to indeterminate ischnacanthiforms.[20][21]
†Canadalepis Valid. Lochkovian?[22] to Emsian (Early Devonian).[23][24] Asia,[23] Australia,[24] Canada.[22] A possible climatiid based on scales.[23][24][22]
†Carycinacanthus Junior synonym.[4] Tournaisian (earliest Mississippian / Carboniferous).[4] Russia.[4] A junior synonym of Acanthodes lopatini.[4]
†Cassidiceps[25] Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[25] Canada.[25] A toothless, deep-bodied MOTH locality acanthodian with complex head armor.[25] Probably closely related to the acanthodiforms.[26]
†Cheiracanthoides Valid. Pridoli to Frasnian (latest Silurian to Late Devonian).[13][27] Worldwide. A widespread and long-lasting possible climatiid based on scales.[27]
†Cheiracanthus Valid. Middle Devonian.[28] Europe.[28] The fairly common namesake of the acanthodiform family Cheiracanthidae.[28]
†Climatius Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[29] U.K.,[29][30] Portugal.[21] The namesake of the family Climatiidae.[29]
†Culmacanthus Valid. Givetian to Frasnian (Middle Devonian to Late Devonian).[31][32] Australia,[31][32] Antarctica.[10] A distinctive diplacanthiform with reduced intermediate spines and large cheek plates.[31][32]
†Devononchus Valid. Givetian[11] to Famennian[33] (Middle Devonian to Late Devonian). Europe. Based on fin spines and scales common in the areas corresponding to Baltica.
†Diplacanthus Valid. Middle Devonian[34] to Late Devonian.[35] Scotland,[34] Russia,[1] South Africa,[35] Canada?[34] The widespread, long-lasting, and fairly common namesake of the family Diplacanthidae and order Diplacanthiformes.[34]
†Doliodus Valid (non-acanthodian). Emsian (Early Devonian).[36] Canada.[37][36] A spiny stem-chondrichthyan which acts as a transitional form between acanthodians and non-acanthodian traditional chondrichthyans.[37][38]
†Eifellepis Valid. Emsian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian).[22] Germany, Belgium.[22] An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales.[2]
†Erriwacanthus Valid. Pragian (Early Devonian).[39] U.K., Ukraine.[40] A climatiid with large and complex spines on its shoulder girdle.[40]
†Endemolepis Valid. Pridoli to Lochkovian (latest Silurian to Early Devonian).[12] Europe.[12] A possible climatiid based on scales.[12]
†Erymnacanthus[41] Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[41] Canada.[41] A medium-sized MOTH locality ischnacanthid.[41]
†Eupleurogmus Nomen dubium.[42] Mississippian / Early Carboniferous?[42] Australia.[42] A dubious taxon based on Acanthodes-like scales.[42]
†Euryacanthus[41] Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[41] Canada.[41] A medium-sized MOTH locality ischnacanthid.[41]
†Euthacanthus Valid. Early Lochkovian (earliest Devonian).[30] U.K.[30] A slender acanthodian of uncertain affinities, despite its well-described anatomy.[43]
†Fallodentus[44] Valid. Givetian (Middle Devonian).[44] Scotland.[44] A cheiracanthid acanthodiform closely related to Homalacanthus.[44]
†Fanjingshania[45] Valid. Aeronian (Early Silurian, Llandovery Epoch).[45] China.[45] A climatiiform, one of the earliest known acanthodean genus.[45]
†Fecundosquama[12] Valid. Pridoli (late Silurian).[13] Lithuania.[12] A tchunacanthid[2] based on scales.[12]
†Florestacanthus[46] Valid. Late Frasnian to early Famennian (Late Devonian).[46] Colombia.[46] A diplacanthid diplacanthiform and one of the few acanthodians endemic to northwestern Gondwana (now South America).[46]
†Gemuendolepis Valid? Early Devonian.[47] Germany.[48] A poorly-described taxon based on scales.
†Ginkgolepis[49] Valid. Eifelian to Famennian? (Middle Devonian to Late Devonian).[49] Estonia, Russia.[49] A cheiracanthid acanthodiform based on scales.[49]
†Gladbachus Valid (non-acanthodian?). Givetian (Middle Devonian).[50] Germany.[50] A large filter-feeding stem-chondrichthyan, sometimes positioned among acanthodians despite its very dissimilar anatomy.[50]
†Gladiobranchus Junior synonym?[51] Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[52] Canada.[52] A well-preserved diplacanthiform which may be synonymous with Uraniacanthus curtus.[51]
†Gomphacanthus[53] Nomen dubium? Carboniferous. England.[53] A possible gyracanthid based on a worn fin spine.[54]
†Gomphonchoporus Valid. Pridoli to Lochkovian (late Silurian to Early Devonian).[55] Europe,[55] Australia,[56] Canada,[57] Greenland.[39] A widespread poracanthodid based on scales.[55]
†Gomphonchus Valid. Ludlow to Emsian? (late Silurian to Early Devonian).[55][58] Europe,[55] Australia?, China?[58] A widespread ischnacanthid primarily based on scales.[55]
†Granulacanthus[59] Valid. Late Wenlock or early Ludlow (Silurian).[59] Canada.[59] A possible ischnacanthiform[20] based on distinctive fin spines.[59]
†Grenfellacanthus[60] Valid. Latest Famennian (latest Devonian).[60] Australia.[60] One of the youngest and largest ischnacanthids, nearly a meter in length.[60]
†Gyracanthides Valid. Pragian to Visean (Early Devonian to Mississippian).[6] Worldwide.[6] A long-lasting and widespread gyracanthid with flattened fin spines.[9][6]
†Gyracanthus Valid. Lochkovian to Moscovian (Early Devonian to Pennsylvanian)[6] Europe, North America, Bolivia?[6] The long-lasting namesake of the family Gyracanthidae.[6]
†Hanilepis Valid. Late Ludlow (late Silurian).[61] China.[61] An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales.[61]
†Halimacanthodes[62] Valid. Frasnian (Late Devonian).[62] Australia.[62] A howittacanthid acanthodiform, the only acanthodian known from the Gogo Formation lagerstätte.[62]
†Haplacanthus Valid. Eifelian to early Famennian (Middle Devonian to Late Devonian).[11][33] Europe, Greenland.[11] A cheiracanthid[44] acanthodiform based on fin spines common in the areas corresponding to Baltica.[11]
†Helenacanthus Valid? (non-acanthodian)[3] Emsian (Early Devonian).[19] Wyoming, U.S.A.[3] Has historically been considered acanthodian material, but probably armor from an actinolepid placoderm instead.[3]
†Helolepis Junior synonym. Emsian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian).[24] Ohio, U.S.A.[24] A junior synonym of Cheiracanthoides comptus.[63]
†Homacanthus Junior synonym? Eifelian (Middle Devonian)[11] to Pennsylvanian?[37] Europe,[11] North America?[37] An acanthodian based on fin spines, though many of its species and specimens have been reassigned to other taxa.[34][37]
†Homalacanthus Valid. Frasnian (Late Devonian).[64] Canada.[64] A cheiracanthid[44] acanthodiform known to have played a large role in the food chain of the Miguasha Lagerstätte.[64]
†Howittacanthus[42] Valid. Frasnian (Late Devonian).[42] Australia.[42] The abundant namesake of the acanthodiform family Howittacanthidae.[65][62]
†Iranolepis[66] Valid. Early Frasnian (Late Devonian).[66] Iran.[66] A possible climatiid based on scales.[66]
†Ischnacanthus Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[67] U.K.,[30][67] Portugal.[21] The abundant namesake of the ischnacanthiforms.[67]
†Kathemacanthus[25] Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[25] Canada.[25] A Brochoadmones-like acanthodian from the MOTH locality, with a "necklace" of artichoke-shaped scales similar to those of chondrichthyans.[25][68]
†Laliacanthus Valid. Emsian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian).[22][11] Europe,[11] Saudi Arabia.[22] A possible climatiid based on scales.[22]
†Latviacanthus[69] Valid. "upper Lower Devonian"[69] Latvia.[69] A possible climatiid with large ischnacanthiform-like jaw plates.[69][18]
†Lenacanthus Valid. Early Llandovery (earliest Silurian).[2] Russia.[2] A tchunacanthid based on scales, one of the earliest acanthodians.[2]
†Lijiangichthys Valid. Pragian (Early Devonian).[23] China.[23] An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales.[23]
†Lodeacanthus Valid. Frasnian (Late Devonian).[70] Latvia.[70] A mesacanthid acanthodiform known from a complete growth series.[70][71]
†Lupopsyrus Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[26] Canada.[26] A MOTH locality acanthodian with two rows of enlarged scales on either side of its body.[26]
†Machaeracanthus Valid. Late Silurian to Eifelian (Middle Devonian).[72] Worldwide.[72] A widespread possible ischnacanthiform which occupies its own monotypic family.[72]
†Machaeraporus[57] Valid. Pridoli to Lochkovian (late Silurian to Early Devonian).[57] Canada, Europe.[73][57] A poracanthodid ischnacanthiform based on scales.[57]
†Markacanthus Valid. Eifelian to Givetian (Middle Devonian).[44] Belarus, Scotland.[44] A fairly typical cheiracanthid acanthodiform.[44]
†Marsdenius Valid. Mississippian / Early Carboniferous.[3] England.[3] An obscure possible ischnacanthid based on a specimen which is now lost.[3][59]
†Melanoacanthus[71] Valid. Emsian (Early Devonian).[71] Canada.[71] A small mesacanthid acanthodiform with broad head plates.[71]
†Mesacanthus Valid. Early Devonian to Middle Devonian.[74] Scotland.[74] The small but fairly common namesake of the acanthodiform family Mesacanthidae.[74]
†Milesacanthus[10] Valid. Pragian to Frasnian (Early Devonian to Late Devonian).[10][66] Worldwide.[22] A widespread diplacanthid diplacanthiform.[10][22]
†Minioracanthus Valid. Eifelian to Givetian (Middle Devonian).[11] Europe.[11] An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales.[2]
†Monopleurodus Valid. Pridoli (late Silurian). Estonia.[75] Poorly-known.
†Monospina Valid. Late Pridoli (latest Silurian).[13] Latvia, Lithuania.[13] An acritolepid ischnacanthiform based on scales.[2]
†Nerepisacanthus[20] Valid. Ludlow to late Pridoli (late Silurian).[20][5] Canada.[5] An acritolepid ischnacanthiform and one of the most well-preserved Silurian acanthodians.[5]
†Nobilesquama[2] Valid. Lochkovian to Emsian (Early Devonian).[2] Russia.[2] An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales.[2]
†Nodocosta Valid. Emsian to Frasnian (Early Devonian to Late Devonian).[19] Europe, U.S.A.[19] A possible climatiid based on fin spines.[19]
†Nodonchus Junior synonym? Lochkovian (Early Devonian). England,[30] Saudi Arabia?[22] Based on fin spines, but may be a junior synonym of Parexus.[30]
†Nostolepis Valid. Wenlock to early Frasnian (mid-Silurian to Late Devonian).[13][33] Worldwide.[2] One of the most widespread, long-lasting, and abundant acanthodians based primarily on scales.[2]
†Nostovicina[2] Valid. Pridoli to Emsian (late Silurian to Early Devonian).[2] Worldwide.[2] A widespread indeterminate acanthodian based on scales and fin spines.[2]
†Obruchevacanthus[76] Valid. Late Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[76] Spain.[76] A poracanthodid ischnacanthiform closely related to Trundlelepis.[76]
†Obtusacanthus Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[77] Canada.[77] An unusual MOTH locality gnathostome, likely an acanthodian closely related to true chondrichthyans. Despite lacking teeth, it was a predator with specialized lip scales.[77]
†Onchus Valid. Late Llandovery?[78] to Famennian (early Silurian to Late Devonian).[79] Europe, North America. A possible ischnacanthiform based on fin spines; may be one of the oldest known acanthodians.[3]
†Oracanthus Valid? Mississippian. Europe, North America. A poorly-known gyracanthid based on fin spines.[9][6]
†Orcadacanthus[80] Valid. Middle Devonian. Scotland. A small mesacanthid based on species formerly placed in Acanthodes and Mesacanthus.[80]
†Paranostolepis Valid. Late Devonian. Canada. A poorly-known indeterminate acanthodian based on scales.[2]
†Parexus Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[16] U.K.[16] A climatiid with a massive first dorsal fin spine.[16]
†Paucicanthus[81] Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[81] Canada.[81] A MOTH locality acanthodian lacking spines on the pectoral and pelvic fins.[81]
†Pechoralepis[2] Valid. Pridoli to Givetian (late Silurian to Middle Devonian).[2][82] Russia,[2] Antarctica.[82] An acritolepid ischnacanthiform based on scales.[2][82]
†Peregrinosquama[2] Valid. Lower Emsian (Early Devonian).[2] Russia.[2] An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales.[2]
†Persacanthus Valid. Frasnian (Late Devonian).[15] Iran, Russia, North America.[15] An ischnacanthid very closely related to Atopacanthus.[15]
†Pinnacanthus Valid. Emsian (Early Devonian).[19] Wyoming, U.S.A.[19] An acanthodian based on fin spines.[19]
†Plectrodus Valid. Ludlow (late Silurian).[30] England.[30] An ischnacanthid commonly confused with Ischnacanthus.[21][30]
†Protodus Valid (non-acanthodian). Late Pragian to Emsian (Early Devonian).[83] Canada.[83] Chondrichthyan teeth originally misidentified as belonging to acanthodiians, due to their similarity to the teeth of a Nostolepis specimen from Scotland.[83][84]
†Podoliacanthus[39] Valid. Pridoli? to Lochkovian (late Silurian? to Early Devonian).[39] Greenland, Ukraine.[39] A small ischnacanthid.[39]
†Poracanthodes Valid. Ludlow? to Pragian (late Silurian to Early Devonian).[85] Europe, North America.[85] Namesake of the ischnacanthiform family Poracanthodidae.[85][3]
†Promesacanthus[86] Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[86] Canada.[86] A mesacanthid acanthodiform from the MOTH locality, with small prepectoral spines similar to "climatiiforms".[86]
†Protogonacanthus Valid. Frasnian (Late Devonian).[42] Germany.[42] A cheiracanthid acanthodiform preferring a marine environment.[42]
†Pruemolepis Valid? Emsian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian).[22][11] Europe.[22][11] A possible climatiid based on scales similar to some species of Nostolepis.[22]
†Pseudacanthodes Valid or junior synonym. Moscovian (Pennsylvanian / Late Carboniferous).[87] Czechia.[87] An eel-like acanthodid acanthodiform, possibly a junior synonym of Traquairichthys.[81][65]
†Ptomacanthus Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[88] England,[88] Ukraine.[89] One of the few non-Acanthodes acanthodians with a well-described braincase and gill system, helping to clarify the group's relations with other fishes.[88][89]
†Ptychodictyon Valid. Emsian to Givetian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian).[19] Europe, U.S.A.[19] A diplacanthid[10] diplacanthiform based on scales.[19]
†Pucapampella Valid (non-acanthodian?). Eifelian to Givetian (Middle Devonian). Bolivia. A chondrichthyan-like braincase sometimes positioned among acanthodians.[50]
†Radioporacanthodes Valid. Ludlow to Emsian (late Silurian to Early Devonian).[73][23] Worldwide.[73][90][23][91] A widespread poracanthodid ischnacanthiform primarily based on scales.[91]
†Rhadinacanthus Valid. Emsian to Famennian? (Early Devonian to Late Devonian).[34][11][33] Europe, China, Canada.[34][11] A diplacanthid diplacanthiform similar to, but distinct from, Diplacanthus.[34]
†Rockycampacanthus[92] Valid. Late Emsian (Early Devonian).[92] Australia.[92] A distinctive marine ischnacanthid.[92]
†Rohonilepis[12] Valid. Ludlow to Pridoli (late Silurian).[12] Lithuania,[12] Latvia. A possible ischnacanthid based on scales.[12]
†Sabrinacanthus Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[30] England.[30] A climatiid with a large shoulder girdle.[21]
†Serradentus[93] Valid. Late Givetian (Middle Devonian).[93] Spitsbergen.[93] A medium-sized ischnacanthiform.[93]
†Sevyacanthus[19] Valid. Emsian (Early Devonian).[19] U.S.A.[19] A climatiid with complex spine plates.[19]
†Sinacanthus Valid (non-acanthodian). Silurian to Early Devonian. Asia.[94] Namesake of the sinacanthids, a group of spined gnathostomes which are likely chondrichthyans.[94]
†Striacanthus Valid. Pragian to Frasnian (Early Devonian to Late Devonian).[95] Europe,[95] Australia.[32] A diplacanthiform based on elongated fin spines.[95]
†Taemasacanthus[92] Valid. Late Emsian (Early Devonian).[92] Australia.[92] A moderately large marine ischnacanthid.[92]
†Taimyrolepis Valid. Pridoli to Lochkovian (late Silurian to Early Devonian).[55] Russia.[55] A possible poracanthodid ischnacanthiform based on scales.[55]
†Tareyacanthus Valid. Pragian to Emsian (Early Devonian).[24][12] Europe,[12] Australia.[24] A possible climatiid based on scales.[24]
†Tchunacanthus Valid. Late Llandovery (early Silurian).[2] Russia.[2] A tchunacanthid based on scales.[2]
†Teneracanthus[96] Valid. Late Emsian to Famennian (Early Devonian to Late Devonian).[96][79] Australia,[96] Belgium.[79] A mesacanthid acanthodiform closely related to Lodeacanthus.[96]
†Tetanopsyrus[97] Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[97] Canada.[97] A distinctive diplacanthiform from the MOTH locality.[97]
†Traquairia Junior synonym. Moscovian (Pennsylvanian / Late Carboniferous).[87] Czechia. Junior synonym of Traquiairichthys.[98]
†Traquairichthys Valid. Moscovian to Leonardian? (Pennsylvanian / Late Carboniferous to Early Permian).[87][98] Czechia,[87] Greenland?, Texas, U.S.A.?[98] An eel-like acanthodid acanthodiform.[65]
†Triazeugacanthus Valid. Frasnian (Late Devonian).[99] Canada.[99] A mesacanthid acanthodiform from the Miguasha Lagerstätte, with one of the best-known ontogenetic series of all acanthodians.[99]
†Tricuspicanthus[41] Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[41] Canada.[41] A small MOTH locality ischnacanthid.[41]
†Trundlelepis[24] Valid. Lochkovian to Pragian (Early Devonian).[24] Australia,[24] Nevada, U.S.A.?[90] A poracanthodid ischnacanthiform based on scales.[39]
†Uraniacanthus Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[51] U.K., Canada?[51] A long-spined gladiobranchid diplacanthiform, sometimes misidentified as an ischnacanthiform.[51]
†Utahacanthus[100] Valid. Namurian (early Pennsylvanian / Late Carboniferous).[100] Utah, U.S.A.[100] An acanthodid acanthodiform with three prominent otoliths.[100]
†Vernicomacanthus Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[30] U.K.[30] A rare climatiid with denticulated fin spines.[16]
†Vesperalia[12] Valid. Late Pridoli (late Silurian).[13] Lithuania.[12] A vesperaliid based on scales.[2]
†Watsonacanthus Valid. Emsian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian).[1] Europe,[1] Australia.[101] A possible climatiid based on scales.[1]
†Wetteldorfia Valid. Lochkovian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian).[22] Germany, Spain, Australia, Saudi Arabia.[22] A possible climatiid based on scales.[22]
†Xylacanthus Valid. Late Wenlock (mid-Silurian) to Pragian (Early Devonian).[59] Spitsbergen, Canada.[59] An ischnacanthid containing both the largest species of acanthodians (X. grandis at 2.5 meters long) and one of the oldest species (X. kenstewarti).[3][59]
†Yealepis[102] Valid. Ludlow (late Silurian).[102] Australia.[102] A large but indeterminate acanthodian which seems to lack fin spines.[102][81]
†Zemlyacanthus Valid. Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[67] Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.[3] One of the few poracanthodid ischnacanthiforms known from articulated skeletons.[3]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Valiukevicius, Juozas (2003). "Devonian acanthodians from Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago (Russia)". Geodiversitas. 25 (1): 131–204.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Valiukevičius, Juozas; Burrow, Carole J. (2005). "Diversity of tissues in acanthodians with Nostolepis-type histological structure". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 50 (3): 635–649.
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External links edit

  • Paleobiology Database entry on the class "Acanthodii"

May 08, 2024
list, acanthodian, genera, this, list, acanthodian, genera, attempt, create, comprehensive, listing, genera, that, have, ever, been, included, subclass, acanthodii, excluding, purely, vernacular, terms, list, includes, commonly, accepted, genera, also, genera,. This list of acanthodian genera is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the subclass Acanthodii excluding purely vernacular terms The list includes all commonly accepted genera but also genera that are now considered invalid doubtful nomina dubia or were not formally published nomina nuda as well as junior synonyms of more established names and genera that are no longer considered acanthodians Not counting their descendants the modern chondricthyans all acanthodians are extinct Extinct genera are marked with a dagger Various primitive acanthodians from Early Devonian England and Scotland Mesacanthus pusillus Parexus falcatus Ishnacanthus gracilis Contents 1 Naming conventions and terminology 2 The List 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksNaming conventions and terminology editNaming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Technical terms used include Junior synonym A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus the first to be published in chronological order is the senior synonym and all other instances are junior synonyms Senior synonyms are generally used except by special decision of the ICZN but junior synonyms cannot be used again even if deprecated Junior synonymy is often subjective unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen Nomen nudum Latin for naked name A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN Nomina nuda the plural form are invalid and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be If the name is later formally published that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list Often the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen Nomen oblitum Latin for forgotten name A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal Preoccupied name A name that is formally published but which has already been used for another taxon This second use is invalid as are all subsequent uses and the name must be replaced As preoccupied names are not valid generic names they will also go unitalicized on this list Nomen dubium Latin for dubious name A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation this term is not used on this list The List editGenus Status Age Location Notes Acanthacanthus 1 Valid Early Lochkovian earliest Devonian 1 Severnaya Zemlya Russia 1 A vesperaliid based on scales 2 Acanthodopsis Valid Carboniferous 3 Europe Australia 3 An unusual acanthodid with tooth like ossifications on its jaws 3 Acanthopora 1 Valid Early Lochkovian earliest Devonian 1 Severnaya Zemlya Russia 1 A small ischnacanthid similar to Poracanthodes 1 Acanthospina 1 Valid Early Lochkovian earliest Devonian 1 Severnaya Zemlya Russia 1 A probable ischnacanthiform with scales similar to hybodontiform sharks 1 3 Acanthodes Valid Devonian to Cisuralian Early Permian 4 Europe North America China One of the most well known acanthodians a filter feeding acanthodid acanthodiform Acritolepis 1 Valid Early Lochkovian earliest Devonian 1 Severnaya Zemlya Russia 1 Namesake of the ischnacanthiform family Acritolepidae 2 5 Aganacanthus Valid or junior synonym Mississippian Early Carboniferous Scotland A possible gyracanthid known from a single worn fin spine may be an indeterminate gnathostome or a junior synonym of Gyracanthus 6 Ankylacanthus 7 Valid Emsian Early Devonian 7 Canada 7 An acanthodian based on fin spines possibly one of the oldest gyracanthids Antacanthus Nomen dubium Mississippian Early Carboniferous 8 Belgium 8 A possible gyracanthid known from a single fin spine 9 6 Antarctonchus 10 Valid Givetian Middle Devonian 10 Antarctica 10 An Antarctic acanthodian based on fin spine casts 10 Apateacanthus Valid Late Devonian 3 New York U S A 3 Based on a fin spine with large denticles sometimes mistaken for an ischnacanthiform jaw 3 Archaeacanthus Valid Eifelian to Givetian Middle Devonian 11 Europe 11 Based on fin spines common in Middle Devonian strata of Siberia and Northeastern Europe 11 Arcticacanthus 1 Valid Early Lochkovian to Emsian Early Devonian 1 Severnaya Zemlya Russia 1 A possible ischnacanthid based on scales 1 Arenaceacanthus 12 Valid Wenlock to early Pridoli Silurian 13 12 Lithuania 12 A probable ischnacanthid based on scales common in Lithuania 12 Atopacanthus Valid Eifelian to Early Famennian Middle Devonian to Late Devonian 14 15 North America Europe 14 Iran 15 A widespread and long lived ischnacanthid 14 Brachyacanthus Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 16 Scotland 17 A small climatiid 16 from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of Scotland 17 Bracteatacanthus 12 Valid Latest Pridoli latest Silurian 13 12 Lithuania 12 A probable ischnacanthid based on scales 12 Brochoadmones Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 18 Canada 18 A deep bodied and well preserved climatiiform from the Man On The Hill MOTH locality in the MacKenzie Mountains of Canada 18 Bryantonchus 19 Valid Emsian Early Devonian 19 U S A 19 A probable diplacanthiform based on fin spines 19 Byssacanthoides Valid Givetian Middle Devonian 10 Antarctica 10 An Antarctic acanthodian based on fin spine casts 10 Cacheacanthus 19 Valid Emsian Early Devonian 19 U S A 19 Based on ischnacanthid jaw fragments from the western United States 19 Campylodus Nomen dubium Ludlow 20 to Lochkovian 21 late Silurian to earliest Devonian Europe 20 21 Jaw fragments probably belonging to indeterminate ischnacanthiforms 20 21 Canadalepis Valid Lochkovian 22 to Emsian Early Devonian 23 24 Asia 23 Australia 24 Canada 22 A possible climatiid based on scales 23 24 22 Carycinacanthus Junior synonym 4 Tournaisian earliest Mississippian Carboniferous 4 Russia 4 A junior synonym of Acanthodes lopatini 4 Cassidiceps 25 Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 25 Canada 25 A toothless deep bodied MOTH locality acanthodian with complex head armor 25 Probably closely related to the acanthodiforms 26 Cheiracanthoides Valid Pridoli to Frasnian latest Silurian to Late Devonian 13 27 Worldwide A widespread and long lasting possible climatiid based on scales 27 Cheiracanthus Valid Middle Devonian 28 Europe 28 The fairly common namesake of the acanthodiform family Cheiracanthidae 28 Climatius Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 29 U K 29 30 Portugal 21 The namesake of the family Climatiidae 29 Culmacanthus Valid Givetian to Frasnian Middle Devonian to Late Devonian 31 32 Australia 31 32 Antarctica 10 A distinctive diplacanthiform with reduced intermediate spines and large cheek plates 31 32 Devononchus Valid Givetian 11 to Famennian 33 Middle Devonian to Late Devonian Europe Based on fin spines and scales common in the areas corresponding to Baltica Diplacanthus Valid Middle Devonian 34 to Late Devonian 35 Scotland 34 Russia 1 South Africa 35 Canada 34 The widespread long lasting and fairly common namesake of the family Diplacanthidae and order Diplacanthiformes 34 Doliodus Valid non acanthodian Emsian Early Devonian 36 Canada 37 36 A spiny stem chondrichthyan which acts as a transitional form between acanthodians and non acanthodian traditional chondrichthyans 37 38 Eifellepis Valid Emsian to Eifelian Early Devonian to Middle Devonian 22 Germany Belgium 22 An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales 2 Erriwacanthus Valid Pragian Early Devonian 39 U K Ukraine 40 A climatiid with large and complex spines on its shoulder girdle 40 Endemolepis Valid Pridoli to Lochkovian latest Silurian to Early Devonian 12 Europe 12 A possible climatiid based on scales 12 Erymnacanthus 41 Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 41 Canada 41 A medium sized MOTH locality ischnacanthid 41 Eupleurogmus Nomen dubium 42 Mississippian Early Carboniferous 42 Australia 42 A dubious taxon based on Acanthodes like scales 42 Euryacanthus 41 Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 41 Canada 41 A medium sized MOTH locality ischnacanthid 41 Euthacanthus Valid Early Lochkovian earliest Devonian 30 U K 30 A slender acanthodian of uncertain affinities despite its well described anatomy 43 Fallodentus 44 Valid Givetian Middle Devonian 44 Scotland 44 A cheiracanthid acanthodiform closely related to Homalacanthus 44 Fanjingshania 45 Valid Aeronian Early Silurian Llandovery Epoch 45 China 45 A climatiiform one of the earliest known acanthodean genus 45 Fecundosquama 12 Valid Pridoli late Silurian 13 Lithuania 12 A tchunacanthid 2 based on scales 12 Florestacanthus 46 Valid Late Frasnian to early Famennian Late Devonian 46 Colombia 46 A diplacanthid diplacanthiform and one of the few acanthodians endemic to northwestern Gondwana now South America 46 Gemuendolepis Valid Early Devonian 47 Germany 48 A poorly described taxon based on scales Ginkgolepis 49 Valid Eifelian to Famennian Middle Devonian to Late Devonian 49 Estonia Russia 49 A cheiracanthid acanthodiform based on scales 49 Gladbachus Valid non acanthodian Givetian Middle Devonian 50 Germany 50 A large filter feeding stem chondrichthyan sometimes positioned among acanthodians despite its very dissimilar anatomy 50 Gladiobranchus Junior synonym 51 Lochkovian Early Devonian 52 Canada 52 A well preserved diplacanthiform which may be synonymous with Uraniacanthus curtus 51 Gomphacanthus 53 Nomen dubium Carboniferous England 53 A possible gyracanthid based on a worn fin spine 54 Gomphonchoporus Valid Pridoli to Lochkovian late Silurian to Early Devonian 55 Europe 55 Australia 56 Canada 57 Greenland 39 A widespread poracanthodid based on scales 55 Gomphonchus Valid Ludlow to Emsian late Silurian to Early Devonian 55 58 Europe 55 Australia China 58 A widespread ischnacanthid primarily based on scales 55 Granulacanthus 59 Valid Late Wenlock or early Ludlow Silurian 59 Canada 59 A possible ischnacanthiform 20 based on distinctive fin spines 59 Grenfellacanthus 60 Valid Latest Famennian latest Devonian 60 Australia 60 One of the youngest and largest ischnacanthids nearly a meter in length 60 Gyracanthides Valid Pragian to Visean Early Devonian to Mississippian 6 Worldwide 6 A long lasting and widespread gyracanthid with flattened fin spines 9 6 Gyracanthus Valid Lochkovian to Moscovian Early Devonian to Pennsylvanian 6 Europe North America Bolivia 6 The long lasting namesake of the family Gyracanthidae 6 Hanilepis Valid Late Ludlow late Silurian 61 China 61 An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales 61 Halimacanthodes 62 Valid Frasnian Late Devonian 62 Australia 62 A howittacanthid acanthodiform the only acanthodian known from the Gogo Formation lagerstatte 62 Haplacanthus Valid Eifelian to early Famennian Middle Devonian to Late Devonian 11 33 Europe Greenland 11 A cheiracanthid 44 acanthodiform based on fin spines common in the areas corresponding to Baltica 11 Helenacanthus Valid non acanthodian 3 Emsian Early Devonian 19 Wyoming U S A 3 Has historically been considered acanthodian material but probably armor from an actinolepid placoderm instead 3 Helolepis Junior synonym Emsian to Eifelian Early Devonian to Middle Devonian 24 Ohio U S A 24 A junior synonym of Cheiracanthoides comptus 63 Homacanthus Junior synonym Eifelian Middle Devonian 11 to Pennsylvanian 37 Europe 11 North America 37 An acanthodian based on fin spines though many of its species and specimens have been reassigned to other taxa 34 37 Homalacanthus Valid Frasnian Late Devonian 64 Canada 64 A cheiracanthid 44 acanthodiform known to have played a large role in the food chain of the Miguasha Lagerstatte 64 Howittacanthus 42 Valid Frasnian Late Devonian 42 Australia 42 The abundant namesake of the acanthodiform family Howittacanthidae 65 62 Iranolepis 66 Valid Early Frasnian Late Devonian 66 Iran 66 A possible climatiid based on scales 66 Ischnacanthus Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 67 U K 30 67 Portugal 21 The abundant namesake of the ischnacanthiforms 67 Kathemacanthus 25 Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 25 Canada 25 A Brochoadmones like acanthodian from the MOTH locality with a necklace of artichoke shaped scales similar to those of chondrichthyans 25 68 Laliacanthus Valid Emsian to Eifelian Early Devonian to Middle Devonian 22 11 Europe 11 Saudi Arabia 22 A possible climatiid based on scales 22 Latviacanthus 69 Valid upper Lower Devonian 69 Latvia 69 A possible climatiid with large ischnacanthiform like jaw plates 69 18 Lenacanthus Valid Early Llandovery earliest Silurian 2 Russia 2 A tchunacanthid based on scales one of the earliest acanthodians 2 Lijiangichthys Valid Pragian Early Devonian 23 China 23 An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales 23 Lodeacanthus Valid Frasnian Late Devonian 70 Latvia 70 A mesacanthid acanthodiform known from a complete growth series 70 71 Lupopsyrus Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 26 Canada 26 A MOTH locality acanthodian with two rows of enlarged scales on either side of its body 26 Machaeracanthus Valid Late Silurian to Eifelian Middle Devonian 72 Worldwide 72 A widespread possible ischnacanthiform which occupies its own monotypic family 72 Machaeraporus 57 Valid Pridoli to Lochkovian late Silurian to Early Devonian 57 Canada Europe 73 57 A poracanthodid ischnacanthiform based on scales 57 Markacanthus Valid Eifelian to Givetian Middle Devonian 44 Belarus Scotland 44 A fairly typical cheiracanthid acanthodiform 44 Marsdenius Valid Mississippian Early Carboniferous 3 England 3 An obscure possible ischnacanthid based on a specimen which is now lost 3 59 Melanoacanthus 71 Valid Emsian Early Devonian 71 Canada 71 A small mesacanthid acanthodiform with broad head plates 71 Mesacanthus Valid Early Devonian to Middle Devonian 74 Scotland 74 The small but fairly common namesake of the acanthodiform family Mesacanthidae 74 Milesacanthus 10 Valid Pragian to Frasnian Early Devonian to Late Devonian 10 66 Worldwide 22 A widespread diplacanthid diplacanthiform 10 22 Minioracanthus Valid Eifelian to Givetian Middle Devonian 11 Europe 11 An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales 2 Monopleurodus Valid Pridoli late Silurian Estonia 75 Poorly known Monospina Valid Late Pridoli latest Silurian 13 Latvia Lithuania 13 An acritolepid ischnacanthiform based on scales 2 Nerepisacanthus 20 Valid Ludlow to late Pridoli late Silurian 20 5 Canada 5 An acritolepid ischnacanthiform and one of the most well preserved Silurian acanthodians 5 Nobilesquama 2 Valid Lochkovian to Emsian Early Devonian 2 Russia 2 An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales 2 Nodocosta Valid Emsian to Frasnian Early Devonian to Late Devonian 19 Europe U S A 19 A possible climatiid based on fin spines 19 Nodonchus Junior synonym Lochkovian Early Devonian England 30 Saudi Arabia 22 Based on fin spines but may be a junior synonym of Parexus 30 Nostolepis Valid Wenlock to early Frasnian mid Silurian to Late Devonian 13 33 Worldwide 2 One of the most widespread long lasting and abundant acanthodians based primarily on scales 2 Nostovicina 2 Valid Pridoli to Emsian late Silurian to Early Devonian 2 Worldwide 2 A widespread indeterminate acanthodian based on scales and fin spines 2 Obruchevacanthus 76 Valid Late Lochkovian Early Devonian 76 Spain 76 A poracanthodid ischnacanthiform closely related to Trundlelepis 76 Obtusacanthus Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 77 Canada 77 An unusual MOTH locality gnathostome likely an acanthodian closely related to true chondrichthyans Despite lacking teeth it was a predator with specialized lip scales 77 Onchus Valid Late Llandovery 78 to Famennian early Silurian to Late Devonian 79 Europe North America A possible ischnacanthiform based on fin spines may be one of the oldest known acanthodians 3 Oracanthus Valid Mississippian Europe North America A poorly known gyracanthid based on fin spines 9 6 Orcadacanthus 80 Valid Middle Devonian Scotland A small mesacanthid based on species formerly placed in Acanthodes and Mesacanthus 80 Paranostolepis Valid Late Devonian Canada A poorly known indeterminate acanthodian based on scales 2 Parexus Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 16 U K 16 A climatiid with a massive first dorsal fin spine 16 Paucicanthus 81 Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 81 Canada 81 A MOTH locality acanthodian lacking spines on the pectoral and pelvic fins 81 Pechoralepis 2 Valid Pridoli to Givetian late Silurian to Middle Devonian 2 82 Russia 2 Antarctica 82 An acritolepid ischnacanthiform based on scales 2 82 Peregrinosquama 2 Valid Lower Emsian Early Devonian 2 Russia 2 An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales 2 Persacanthus Valid Frasnian Late Devonian 15 Iran Russia North America 15 An ischnacanthid very closely related to Atopacanthus 15 Pinnacanthus Valid Emsian Early Devonian 19 Wyoming U S A 19 An acanthodian based on fin spines 19 Plectrodus Valid Ludlow late Silurian 30 England 30 An ischnacanthid commonly confused with Ischnacanthus 21 30 Protodus Valid non acanthodian Late Pragian to Emsian Early Devonian 83 Canada 83 Chondrichthyan teeth originally misidentified as belonging to acanthodiians due to their similarity to the teeth of a Nostolepis specimen from Scotland 83 84 Podoliacanthus 39 Valid Pridoli to Lochkovian late Silurian to Early Devonian 39 Greenland Ukraine 39 A small ischnacanthid 39 Poracanthodes Valid Ludlow to Pragian late Silurian to Early Devonian 85 Europe North America 85 Namesake of the ischnacanthiform family Poracanthodidae 85 3 Promesacanthus 86 Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 86 Canada 86 A mesacanthid acanthodiform from the MOTH locality with small prepectoral spines similar to climatiiforms 86 Protogonacanthus Valid Frasnian Late Devonian 42 Germany 42 A cheiracanthid acanthodiform preferring a marine environment 42 Pruemolepis Valid Emsian to Eifelian Early Devonian to Middle Devonian 22 11 Europe 22 11 A possible climatiid based on scales similar to some species of Nostolepis 22 Pseudacanthodes Valid or junior synonym Moscovian Pennsylvanian Late Carboniferous 87 Czechia 87 An eel like acanthodid acanthodiform possibly a junior synonym of Traquairichthys 81 65 Ptomacanthus Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 88 England 88 Ukraine 89 One of the few non Acanthodes acanthodians with a well described braincase and gill system helping to clarify the group s relations with other fishes 88 89 Ptychodictyon Valid Emsian to Givetian Early Devonian to Middle Devonian 19 Europe U S A 19 A diplacanthid 10 diplacanthiform based on scales 19 Pucapampella Valid non acanthodian Eifelian to Givetian Middle Devonian Bolivia A chondrichthyan like braincase sometimes positioned among acanthodians 50 Radioporacanthodes Valid Ludlow to Emsian late Silurian to Early Devonian 73 23 Worldwide 73 90 23 91 A widespread poracanthodid ischnacanthiform primarily based on scales 91 Rhadinacanthus Valid Emsian to Famennian Early Devonian to Late Devonian 34 11 33 Europe China Canada 34 11 A diplacanthid diplacanthiform similar to but distinct from Diplacanthus 34 Rockycampacanthus 92 Valid Late Emsian Early Devonian 92 Australia 92 A distinctive marine ischnacanthid 92 Rohonilepis 12 Valid Ludlow to Pridoli late Silurian 12 Lithuania 12 Latvia A possible ischnacanthid based on scales 12 Sabrinacanthus Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 30 England 30 A climatiid with a large shoulder girdle 21 Serradentus 93 Valid Late Givetian Middle Devonian 93 Spitsbergen 93 A medium sized ischnacanthiform 93 Sevyacanthus 19 Valid Emsian Early Devonian 19 U S A 19 A climatiid with complex spine plates 19 Sinacanthus Valid non acanthodian Silurian to Early Devonian Asia 94 Namesake of the sinacanthids a group of spined gnathostomes which are likely chondrichthyans 94 Striacanthus Valid Pragian to Frasnian Early Devonian to Late Devonian 95 Europe 95 Australia 32 A diplacanthiform based on elongated fin spines 95 Taemasacanthus 92 Valid Late Emsian Early Devonian 92 Australia 92 A moderately large marine ischnacanthid 92 Taimyrolepis Valid Pridoli to Lochkovian late Silurian to Early Devonian 55 Russia 55 A possible poracanthodid ischnacanthiform based on scales 55 Tareyacanthus Valid Pragian to Emsian Early Devonian 24 12 Europe 12 Australia 24 A possible climatiid based on scales 24 Tchunacanthus Valid Late Llandovery early Silurian 2 Russia 2 A tchunacanthid based on scales 2 Teneracanthus 96 Valid Late Emsian to Famennian Early Devonian to Late Devonian 96 79 Australia 96 Belgium 79 A mesacanthid acanthodiform closely related to Lodeacanthus 96 Tetanopsyrus 97 Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 97 Canada 97 A distinctive diplacanthiform from the MOTH locality 97 Traquairia Junior synonym Moscovian Pennsylvanian Late Carboniferous 87 Czechia Junior synonym of Traquiairichthys 98 Traquairichthys Valid Moscovian to Leonardian Pennsylvanian Late Carboniferous to Early Permian 87 98 Czechia 87 Greenland Texas U S A 98 An eel like acanthodid acanthodiform 65 Triazeugacanthus Valid Frasnian Late Devonian 99 Canada 99 A mesacanthid acanthodiform from the Miguasha Lagerstatte with one of the best known ontogenetic series of all acanthodians 99 Tricuspicanthus 41 Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 41 Canada 41 A small MOTH locality ischnacanthid 41 Trundlelepis 24 Valid Lochkovian to Pragian Early Devonian 24 Australia 24 Nevada U S A 90 A poracanthodid ischnacanthiform based on scales 39 Uraniacanthus Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 51 U K Canada 51 A long spined gladiobranchid diplacanthiform sometimes misidentified as an ischnacanthiform 51 Utahacanthus 100 Valid Namurian early Pennsylvanian Late Carboniferous 100 Utah U S A 100 An acanthodid acanthodiform with three prominent otoliths 100 Vernicomacanthus Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 30 U K 30 A rare climatiid with denticulated fin spines 16 Vesperalia 12 Valid Late Pridoli late Silurian 13 Lithuania 12 A vesperaliid based on scales 2 Watsonacanthus Valid Emsian to Eifelian Early Devonian to Middle Devonian 1 Europe 1 Australia 101 A possible climatiid based on scales 1 Wetteldorfia Valid Lochkovian to Eifelian Early Devonian to Middle Devonian 22 Germany Spain Australia Saudi Arabia 22 A possible climatiid based on scales 22 Xylacanthus Valid Late Wenlock mid Silurian to Pragian Early Devonian 59 Spitsbergen Canada 59 An ischnacanthid containing both the largest species of acanthodians X grandis at 2 5 meters long and one of the oldest species X kenstewarti 3 59 Yealepis 102 Valid Ludlow late Silurian 102 Australia 102 A large but indeterminate acanthodian which seems to lack fin spines 102 81 Zemlyacanthus Valid Lochkovian Early Devonian 67 Severnaya Zemlya Russia 3 One of the few poracanthodid ischnacanthiforms known from articulated skeletons 3 See also edit nbsp paleontology portal nbsp fish portal Acanthodians List of placoderms List of prehistoric bony fish List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish List of prehistoric jawless fishReferences edit a b c d e f g h i j 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ontogeny Histological and morphological assessment of the Late Devonian acanthodian Triazeugacanthus affinis from Miguasha Canada PLOS ONE 12 4 e0174655 Bibcode 2017PLoSO 1274655C doi 10 1371 journal pone 0174655 ISSN 1932 6203 PMC 5389634 PMID 28403168 a b c d Schultze Hans Peter 1990 03 29 A new acanthodian from the Pennsylvanian of Utah U S A and the distribution of otoliths in gnathostomes Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10 1 49 58 Bibcode 1990JVPal 10 49S doi 10 1080 02724634 1990 10011789 ISSN 0272 4634 Burrow Carole J Long John A Turner Susan 1998 01 01 Lower Devonian microvertebrates from the Point Hibbs Formation Tasmania Alcheringa An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 22 1 9 20 doi 10 1080 03115519808619236 ISSN 0311 5518 a b c d Burrow Carole J Young Gavin C 1999 An articulated teleostome fish from the Late Silurian Ludlow of Victoria Australia Records of the Western Australian Museum supplement 57 1 14 External links editPaleobiology Database entry on the class Acanthodii Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of acanthodian genera amp oldid 1218479009, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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