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Libertine

April 27, 2023

For other uses, see Libertine (disambiguation).

A libertine is a person devoid of most moral principles, a sense of responsibility, or sexual restraints, which they see as unnecessary or undesirable, and is especially someone who ignores or even spurns accepted morals and forms of behaviour observed by the larger society.[1][2] Libertinism is described as an extreme form of hedonism.[3] Libertines put value on physical pleasures, meaning those experienced through the senses. As a philosophy, libertinism gained new-found adherents in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, particularly in France and Great Britain. Notable among these were John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, and the Marquis de Sade.

John Wilmot
Marquis de Sade

History of the term

The word libertine was originally coined by John Calvin to negatively describe opponents of his policies in Geneva, Switzerland.[4] This group, led by Ami Perrin, argued against Calvin's "insistence that church discipline should be enforced uniformly against all members of Genevan society".[5] Perrin and his allies were elected to the town council in 1548, and "broadened their support base in Geneva by stirring up resentment among the older inhabitants against the increasing number of religious refugees who were fleeing France in even greater numbers".[5] By 1555, Calvinists were firmly in place on the Genevan town council, so the Libertines, led by Perrin, responded with an "attempted coup against the government and called for the massacre of the French. This was the last great political challenge Calvin had to face in Geneva".[5]

During the 18th and 19th centuries, the term became more associated with debauchery.[6] Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand wrote that Joseph Bonaparte "sought only life's pleasures and easy access to libertinism" while on the throne of Naples.[7]

Literature

Les Liaisons dangereuses (Dangerous Liaisons, 1782), an epistolary novel by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, is a trenchant description of sexual libertinism. Wayland Young argues: "... the mere analysis of libertinism ... carried out by a novelist with such a prodigious command of his medium ... was enough to condemn it and play a large part in its destruction."[8]

Agreeable to Calvin's emphasis on the need for uniformity of discipline in Geneva, Samuel Rutherford (Professor of Divinity in the University of St. Andrews, and Christian minister in 17th-century Scotland) offered a rigorous treatment of "Libertinism" in his polemical work "A Free Disputation Against Pretended Liberty of Conscience" (1649).

A Satyr Against Reason and Mankind is a poem by John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester which addresses the question of the proper use of reason, and is generally assumed to be a Hobbesian critique of rationalism.[9] The narrator subordinates reason to sense.[10] It is based to some extent on Boileau's version of Juvenal's eighth or fifteenth satire, and is also indebted to Hobbes, Montaigne, Lucretius, and Epicurus, as well as the general libertine tradition.[11] Confusion has arisen in its interpretation as it is ambiguous as to whether the speaker is Rochester himself, or a satirised persona.[12] It criticises the vanities and corruptions of the statesmen and politicians of the court of Charles II.[11]

The libertine novel was a primarily 18th-century literary genre of which the roots lay in the European but mainly French libertine tradition. The genre effectively ended with the French Revolution. Themes of libertine novels were anti-clericalism, anti-establishment and eroticism.

Authors include Claude Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon (Les Égarements du cœur et de l'esprit, 1736; Le Sopha, conte moral, 1742), Denis Diderot (Les bijoux indiscrets, 1748), Marquis de Sade (L'Histoire de Juliette, 1797–1801), Choderlos de Laclos (Les Liaisons dangereuses, 1782), and John Wilmot (Sodom, or the Quintessence of Debauchery, 1684).

Other famous titles are Histoire de Dom Bougre, Portier des Chartreux (1741) and Thérèse Philosophe (1748).

Precursors to the libertine writers were Théophile de Viau (1590–1626) and Charles de Saint-Evremond (1610–1703), who were inspired by Epicurus and the publication of Petronius.

Robert Darnton is a cultural historian who has covered this genre extensively.[13] A three part essay in The Book Collector by David Foxen explores libertine literature in England, 1660-1745.[14]

Critics have been divided as to the literary merits of William Hazlitt's Liber Amoris, a deeply personal account of frustrated love that is quite unlike anything else Hazlitt ever wrote. Wardle suggests that it was compelling but marred by sickly sentimentality, and also proposes that Hazlitt might even have been anticipating some of the experiments in chronology made by later novelists.[15]

One or two positive reviews appeared, such as the one in the Globe, 7 June 1823: "The Liber Amoris is unique in the English language; and as, possibly, the first book in its fervour, its vehemency, and its careless exposure of passion and weakness—of sentiments and sensations which the common race of mankind seek most studiously to mystify or conceal—that exhibits a portion of the most distinguishing characteristics of Rousseau, it ought to be generally praised".[16] Dan Cruickshank in his book London's Sinful Secret summarized Hazlitt's infatuation stating: "Decades after her death Batsy (Careless) still haunted the imagination of the essayist William Hazlitt, a man who lodged near Covent Garden during the 1820s, where he became unpleasantly intimate with the social consequences of unconventional sexual obsession that he revealed in his Liber Amoris of 1823, in which he candidly confessed to his infatuation with his landlord's young daughter."[17]

Philosophy

During the Baroque era in France, there existed a freethinking circle of philosophers and intellectuals who were collectively known as libertinage érudit and which included Gabriel Naudé, Élie Diodati and François de La Mothe Le Vayer.[18][19] The critic Vivian de Sola Pinto linked John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester's libertinism to Hobbesian materialism.[20]

Notable libertines

Some notable libertines include:

Rulers and political figures

Religious leaders

Actors

Musicians

Writers

Others

See also

References

  1. ^ "libertine" – via The Free Dictionary.
  2. ^ "libertine" at WordNet
  3. ^ Feiner, Shmuel (June 6, 2011). The Origins of Jewish Secularization in Eighteenth-Century Europe. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0812201895 – via Google Books.
  4. ^ Gordon, Alexander (1911). "Libertines" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 543.
  5. ^ a b c Zophy, Johnathan W. (2003). A Short History of Renaissance and Reformation Europe: Dances Over Fire and Water (Third ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-13-097764-9.
  6. ^ Michel Delon, ed. (2013). Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment. Routledge. pp. 2362–2363. ISBN 978-1-135-96005-6.
  7. ^ Talleyrand, Charles-Maurice de (2008). "Napoleon's European Legacy, 1853". In Blaufarb, Rafe (ed.). Napoleon: Symbol for an Age, A Brief History with Documents. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-312-43110-5.
  8. ^ Young, Wayland (1966). Eros Denied. New York: Grove.
  9. ^ Fisher, Nicholas (2006). "The Contemporary Reception of Rochester's A Satyr Against Mankind". The Review of English Studies. 57 (229): 185–220. doi:10.1093/res/hgl035.
  10. ^ Jenkinson, Matthew (2010). Culture and Politics at the Court of Charles II, 1660–1685. Boydell & Brewer. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-84383-590-5.
  11. ^ a b Jenkinson, Matthew (2010). Culture and Politics at the Court of Charles II: 1660–1685. Boydell & Brewer. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-84383-590-5. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  12. ^ Thormählen, Marianne (25 June 1993). Rochester. Cambridge University Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-521-44042-4. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  13. ^ Darnton, Robert.The Forbidden Best-Sellers of Pre-Revolutionary France. New York: Norton. 1996. ISBN 978-0-393-31442-7.
  14. ^ Foxen, David (1963). “Libertine Literature in England, 1660-1745," The Book Collector 12 no. 1: 21-35 (spring); 12 no 2: 159-177 (summer); 12 no 3: 294-307 (autumn).
  15. ^ Wardle, pp. 363–65.[incomplete short citation] Wardle was writing in 1971; twenty-first-century critics continue to be sharply divided. David Armitage has assessed the book disparagingly as "the result of a tormented mind grasping literary motifs in a desperate and increasingly unsuccessful (and self indulgent) attempt to communicate its descent into incoherence...", while Gregory Dart has acclaimed it "the most powerful account of unrequited love in English literature". To James Ley, "It is ... an unsparing account of the psychology of obsession, the way a mind in the grip of an all-consuming passion can distort reality to its own detriment". Armitage, p. 223; Dart 2012, p. 85; Ley p. 38.[incomplete short citation]
  16. ^ Quoted by Jones, p. 338.[incomplete short citation]
  17. ^ Dan Cruickshank, London's Sinful Secret, p.92. St. Martin's Press, New York (2009).
  18. ^ René Pintard (2000). Le Libertinage érudit dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle. Slatkine. p. 11. ISBN 978-2-05-101818-0. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  19. ^ Fideism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2017.
  20. ^ "A Martyr to Sin". The New York Times. September 15, 1974.
  21. ^ Méndez, Jerónimo (2012). "Humour and Sexuality: Twelfth-Century Troubadours and Medieval Arabic Poetry". In Hathaway, Stephanie L.; Kim, David W. (eds.). Intercultural Transmission in the Medieval Mediterranean. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-4411-3318-2.
  22. ^ Jesse, John Heneage (1889). Memoirs of the Court of England During the Reign of the Stuarts: Including the Protectorate. G. Bell & Sons. p. 331.
  23. ^ Carvajal, Doreen; Baume, Maïa de la (October 13, 2012). "Dominique Strauss-Kahn Says Lust Is Not a Crime". The New York Times.
  24. ^ Rousseau, George Sebastian (1991). Perilous Enlightenment: Pre- and Post-modern Discourses : Sexual, Historical. Manchester University Press. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-7190-3301-8.
  25. ^ Kaczynski, Richard (2012). Perdurabo, Revised and Expanded Edition: The Life of Aleister Crowley. North Atlantic Books. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-58394-576-6.
  26. ^ Fritscher, Jack; Vey, Anton Szandor La (2004). Popular Witchcraft: Straight from the Witch's Mouth. Popular Press. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-299-20304-7.
  27. ^ Jellinek, George (2000). History Through the Opera Glass: From the Rise of Caesar to the Fall of Napoleon. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 139. ISBN 9780879102845.
  28. ^ Haskell, Molly (2016). From Reverence to Rape: The Treatment of Women in the Movies, Third Edition. University of Chicago Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-226-41292-4.
  29. ^ Gensler, Howard (17 November 2015). "Charlie Sheen to tell Matt Lauer he's HIV+". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  30. ^ "Charlie Sheen's dubious comeback: His new "philanthropic approach" doesn't erase his abusive past". Salon. November 17, 2015.
  31. ^ Fikfak, Jurij; Barna, Gábor (1 January 2007). Senses and Religion. Založba ZRC. p. 145. ISBN 978-961-254-093-7.
  32. ^ Gilmore, Mikal (4 April 1991). "The Legacy of Jim Morrison and the Doors". Rolling Stone.
  33. ^ Arbuthnot, F. F. (1890). Arabic Authors: A Manual of Arabian History and Literature. London: W. Heinemann.
  34. ^ Kahn, Andrew; Lipovetsky, Mark; Reyfman, Irina; Sandler, Stephanie (2018). A History of Russian Literature. Oxford University Press. p. 356. ISBN 978-0-19-254953-2.
  35. ^ Gautier, Théophile (2012). Charles Baudelaire. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 53. ISBN 978-3-95507-830-0.
  36. ^ Owen, Susan J. (2004-11-25). "Behn's dramatic response to Restoration politics". In Hughes, Derek; Todd, Janet (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Aphra Behn. Cambridge University Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-521-52720-0.
  37. ^ Clinton, George (1825). Memoirs of the life and writings of lord Byron. p. 33. libertine.
  38. ^ Warner, Simon; Sampas, Jim (2018). Kerouac on Record: A Literary Soundtrack. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-5013-2334-8.
  39. ^ "Giacomo Casanova". The Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
  40. ^ "Don Juan". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 19 January 2020.

April 27, 2023
libertine, other, uses, disambiguation, libertine, person, devoid, most, moral, principles, sense, responsibility, sexual, restraints, which, they, unnecessary, undesirable, especially, someone, ignores, even, spurns, accepted, morals, forms, behaviour, observ. For other uses see Libertine disambiguation A libertine is a person devoid of most moral principles a sense of responsibility or sexual restraints which they see as unnecessary or undesirable and is especially someone who ignores or even spurns accepted morals and forms of behaviour observed by the larger society 1 2 Libertinism is described as an extreme form of hedonism 3 Libertines put value on physical pleasures meaning those experienced through the senses As a philosophy libertinism gained new found adherents in the 17th 18th and 19th centuries particularly in France and Great Britain Notable among these were John Wilmot 2nd Earl of Rochester and the Marquis de Sade John WilmotMarquis de Sade Contents 1 History of the term 2 Literature 3 Philosophy 4 Notable libertines 4 1 Rulers and political figures 4 2 Religious leaders 4 3 Actors 4 4 Musicians 4 5 Writers 4 6 Others 5 See also 6 ReferencesHistory of the term EditThe word libertine was originally coined by John Calvin to negatively describe opponents of his policies in Geneva Switzerland 4 This group led by Ami Perrin argued against Calvin s insistence that church discipline should be enforced uniformly against all members of Genevan society 5 Perrin and his allies were elected to the town council in 1548 and broadened their support base in Geneva by stirring up resentment among the older inhabitants against the increasing number of religious refugees who were fleeing France in even greater numbers 5 By 1555 Calvinists were firmly in place on the Genevan town council so the Libertines led by Perrin responded with an attempted coup against the government and called for the massacre of the French This was the last great political challenge Calvin had to face in Geneva 5 During the 18th and 19th centuries the term became more associated with debauchery 6 Charles Maurice de Talleyrand wrote that Joseph Bonaparte sought only life s pleasures and easy access to libertinism while on the throne of Naples 7 Literature EditLes Liaisons dangereuses Dangerous Liaisons 1782 an epistolary novel by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos is a trenchant description of sexual libertinism Wayland Young argues the mere analysis of libertinism carried out by a novelist with such a prodigious command of his medium was enough to condemn it and play a large part in its destruction 8 Agreeable to Calvin s emphasis on the need for uniformity of discipline in Geneva Samuel Rutherford Professor of Divinity in the University of St Andrews and Christian minister in 17th century Scotland offered a rigorous treatment of Libertinism in his polemical work A Free Disputation Against Pretended Liberty of Conscience 1649 A Satyr Against Reason and Mankind is a poem by John Wilmot 2nd Earl of Rochester which addresses the question of the proper use of reason and is generally assumed to be a Hobbesian critique of rationalism 9 The narrator subordinates reason to sense 10 It is based to some extent on Boileau s version of Juvenal s eighth or fifteenth satire and is also indebted to Hobbes Montaigne Lucretius and Epicurus as well as the general libertine tradition 11 Confusion has arisen in its interpretation as it is ambiguous as to whether the speaker is Rochester himself or a satirised persona 12 It criticises the vanities and corruptions of the statesmen and politicians of the court of Charles II 11 The libertine novel was a primarily 18th century literary genre of which the roots lay in the European but mainly French libertine tradition The genre effectively ended with the French Revolution Themes of libertine novels were anti clericalism anti establishment and eroticism Authors include Claude Prosper Jolyot de Crebillon Les Egarements du cœur et de l esprit 1736 Le Sopha conte moral 1742 Denis Diderot Les bijoux indiscrets 1748 Marquis de Sade L Histoire de Juliette 1797 1801 Choderlos de Laclos Les Liaisons dangereuses 1782 and John Wilmot Sodom or the Quintessence of Debauchery 1684 Other famous titles are Histoire de Dom Bougre Portier des Chartreux 1741 and Therese Philosophe 1748 Precursors to the libertine writers were Theophile de Viau 1590 1626 and Charles de Saint Evremond 1610 1703 who were inspired by Epicurus and the publication of Petronius Robert Darnton is a cultural historian who has covered this genre extensively 13 A three part essay in The Book Collector by David Foxen explores libertine literature in England 1660 1745 14 Critics have been divided as to the literary merits of William Hazlitt s Liber Amoris a deeply personal account of frustrated love that is quite unlike anything else Hazlitt ever wrote Wardle suggests that it was compelling but marred by sickly sentimentality and also proposes that Hazlitt might even have been anticipating some of the experiments in chronology made by later novelists 15 One or two positive reviews appeared such as the one in the Globe 7 June 1823 The Liber Amoris is unique in the English language and as possibly the first book in its fervour its vehemency and its careless exposure of passion and weakness of sentiments and sensations which the common race of mankind seek most studiously to mystify or conceal that exhibits a portion of the most distinguishing characteristics of Rousseau it ought to be generally praised 16 Dan Cruickshank in his book London s Sinful Secret summarized Hazlitt s infatuation stating Decades after her death Batsy Careless still haunted the imagination of the essayist William Hazlitt a man who lodged near Covent Garden during the 1820s where he became unpleasantly intimate with the social consequences of unconventional sexual obsession that he revealed in his Liber Amoris of 1823 in which he candidly confessed to his infatuation with his landlord s young daughter 17 Philosophy EditDuring the Baroque era in France there existed a freethinking circle of philosophers and intellectuals who were collectively known as libertinage erudit and which included Gabriel Naude Elie Diodati and Francois de La Mothe Le Vayer 18 19 The critic Vivian de Sola Pinto linked John Wilmot 2nd Earl of Rochester s libertinism to Hobbesian materialism 20 Notable libertines EditSome notable libertines include Rulers and political figures Edit Al Amin the sixth Abbasid ruler 21 Caligula third Emperor of Rome Edward VII of Great Britain Elagabalus George IV of the United Kingdom Henry IV of France Louis XV of France King of France from 1715 to 1774 Sir Charles Sedley 5th Baronet English noble 22 Dominique Strauss Kahn French economist and politician 23 John Wilkes 24 Religious leaders Edit Aleister Crowley creator of Thelema 25 Anton Szandor LaVey founder of the Church of Satan and creator of LaVeyan Satanism 26 Pope Alexander VI Pope of the Catholic Church from 1492 to 1503 27 Actors Edit Tallulah Bankhead American actress 28 Charlie Sheen American actor 29 30 Musicians Edit Lorenzo Da Ponte Italian librettist Marilyn Manson American industrial rock metal musician who plays with his band of the same name Jim Morrison musician best known as the singer and primary songwriter of The Doors 31 32 Writers Edit Abu Nuwas al Salami a classical Arabic poet 33 Marquis de Sade French novelist Ivan Barkov Russian poet 34 Charles Baudelaire French poet 35 Aphra Behn English playwright 36 Cyrano de Bergerac French novelist Bussy Rabutin cousin of Madame de Sevigne and author of Histoire Amoureuse des Gaules chronicling the love affairs of the court of Louis XIV Lord Byron English poet 37 Arthur Rimbaud French poet 38 Others Edit Giacomo Casanova Italian adventurer 39 Don Juan legendary character known for his machismo and sexuality 40 See also EditAmoralism Antinomianism Bacchanalia Bohemianism Cainites Charvaka Cyrenaics Decadence Hellfire Club Hookup culture Epicureanism Free love Hypersexuality Incest taboo LaVeyan Satanism Libertarianism Libertine novel The Libertines Moral nihilism Orgy Polyamory Rake character Sodomy Sodom and Gomorrah Sexual deviancy Sexual revolution Swinging sexual practice TabooReferences Edit libertine via The Free Dictionary libertine at WordNet Feiner Shmuel June 6 2011 The Origins of Jewish Secularization in Eighteenth Century Europe University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN 978 0812201895 via Google Books Gordon Alexander 1911 Libertines In Chisholm Hugh ed Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 16 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 543 a b c Zophy Johnathan W 2003 A Short History of Renaissance and Reformation Europe Dances Over Fire and Water Third ed Prentice Hall p 226 ISBN 978 0 13 097764 9 Michel Delon ed 2013 Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment Routledge pp 2362 2363 ISBN 978 1 135 96005 6 Talleyrand Charles Maurice de 2008 Napoleon s European Legacy 1853 In Blaufarb Rafe ed Napoleon Symbol for an Age A Brief History with Documents New York Bedford St Martin s p 151 ISBN 978 0 312 43110 5 Young Wayland 1966 Eros Denied New York Grove Fisher Nicholas 2006 The Contemporary Reception of Rochester s A Satyr Against Mankind The Review of English Studies 57 229 185 220 doi 10 1093 res hgl035 Jenkinson Matthew 2010 Culture and Politics at the Court of Charles II 1660 1685 Boydell amp Brewer p 101 ISBN 978 1 84383 590 5 a b Jenkinson Matthew 2010 Culture and Politics at the Court of Charles II 1660 1685 Boydell amp Brewer p 99 ISBN 978 1 84383 590 5 Retrieved 4 April 2013 Thormahlen Marianne 25 June 1993 Rochester Cambridge University Press p 191 ISBN 978 0 521 44042 4 Retrieved 4 April 2013 Darnton Robert The Forbidden Best Sellers of Pre Revolutionary France New York Norton 1996 ISBN 978 0 393 31442 7 Foxen David 1963 Libertine Literature in England 1660 1745 The Book Collector 12 no 1 21 35 spring 12 no 2 159 177 summer 12 no 3 294 307 autumn Wardle pp 363 65 incomplete short citation Wardle was writing in 1971 twenty first century critics continue to be sharply divided David Armitage has assessed the book disparagingly as the result of a tormented mind grasping literary motifs in a desperate and increasingly unsuccessful and self indulgent attempt to communicate its descent into incoherence while Gregory Dart has acclaimed it the most powerful account of unrequited love in English literature To James Ley It is an unsparing account of the psychology of obsession the way a mind in the grip of an all consuming passion can distort reality to its own detriment Armitage p 223 Dart 2012 p 85 Ley p 38 incomplete short citation Quoted by Jones p 338 incomplete short citation Dan Cruickshank London s Sinful Secret p 92 St Martin s Press New York 2009 Rene Pintard 2000 Le Libertinage erudit dans la premiere moitie du XVIIe siecle Slatkine p 11 ISBN 978 2 05 101818 0 Retrieved 24 July 2012 Fideism Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Metaphysics Research Lab Stanford University 2017 A Martyr to Sin The New York Times September 15 1974 Mendez Jeronimo 2012 Humour and Sexuality Twelfth Century Troubadours and Medieval Arabic Poetry In Hathaway Stephanie L Kim David W eds Intercultural Transmission in the Medieval Mediterranean Bloomsbury Publishing p 120 ISBN 978 1 4411 3318 2 Jesse John Heneage 1889 Memoirs of the Court of England During the Reign of the Stuarts Including the Protectorate G Bell amp Sons p 331 Carvajal Doreen Baume Maia de la October 13 2012 Dominique Strauss Kahn Says Lust Is Not a Crime The New York Times Rousseau George Sebastian 1991 Perilous Enlightenment Pre and Post modern Discourses Sexual Historical Manchester University Press p 187 ISBN 978 0 7190 3301 8 Kaczynski Richard 2012 Perdurabo Revised and Expanded Edition The Life of Aleister Crowley North Atlantic Books p 65 ISBN 978 1 58394 576 6 Fritscher Jack Vey Anton Szandor La 2004 Popular Witchcraft Straight from the Witch s Mouth Popular Press p 181 ISBN 978 0 299 20304 7 Jellinek George 2000 History Through the Opera Glass From the Rise of Caesar to the Fall of Napoleon Hal Leonard Corporation p 139 ISBN 9780879102845 Haskell Molly 2016 From Reverence to Rape The Treatment of Women in the Movies Third Edition University of Chicago Press p 78 ISBN 978 0 226 41292 4 Gensler Howard 17 November 2015 Charlie Sheen to tell Matt Lauer he s HIV The Philadelphia Inquirer Charlie Sheen s dubious comeback His new philanthropic approach doesn t erase his abusive past Salon November 17 2015 Fikfak Jurij Barna Gabor 1 January 2007 Senses and Religion Zalozba ZRC p 145 ISBN 978 961 254 093 7 Gilmore Mikal 4 April 1991 The Legacy of Jim Morrison and the Doors Rolling Stone Arbuthnot F F 1890 Arabic Authors A Manual of Arabian History and Literature London W Heinemann Kahn Andrew Lipovetsky Mark Reyfman Irina Sandler Stephanie 2018 A History of Russian Literature Oxford University Press p 356 ISBN 978 0 19 254953 2 Gautier Theophile 2012 Charles Baudelaire BoD Books on Demand p 53 ISBN 978 3 95507 830 0 Owen Susan J 2004 11 25 Behn s dramatic response to Restoration politics In Hughes Derek Todd Janet eds The Cambridge Companion to Aphra Behn Cambridge University Press p 78 ISBN 978 0 521 52720 0 Clinton George 1825 Memoirs of the life and writings of lord Byron p 33 libertine Warner Simon Sampas Jim 2018 Kerouac on Record A Literary Soundtrack Bloomsbury Publishing USA p 194 ISBN 978 1 5013 2334 8 Giacomo Casanova The Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 1 February 2020 Don Juan Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 19 January 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Libertine amp oldid 1143959082, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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