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Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal

January 01, 1970

Karl Konstantin Albrecht Leonhard Graf[a] von Blumenthal (30 July 1810 – 21 December 1900) was an officer of the Prussian Army and field marshal of the Imperial German Army, chiefly remembered for his decisive intervention at the Battle of Königgrätz in 1866, his victories at Wörth and Weißenburg, and above all his refusal to bombard Paris in 1870 during the siege, of which he was in command.

Graf

Leonhard von Blumenthal
Field Marshal von Blumenthal,
wearing his Pour le Mérite
Born(1810-07-30)30 July 1810
Schwedt, Kingdom of Prussia
Died21 December 1900(1900-12-21) (aged 90)
Quellendorf, Province of Brandenburg, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
Allegiance Kingdom of Prussia
 German Confederation
 North German Confederation
 German Empire
Service/branch Prussian Army
 Imperial German Army
RankGeneralfeldmarschall
Commands held14th Infantry Division
IV Corps
Battles/warsFirst Schleswig War
Second Schleswig War
Austro-Prussian War
Franco-Prussian War
AwardsPour le Mérite with Oak Leaves
Iron Cross (1870)
Military Order of Savoy (Italy)
Order of St. George (Russia)
Statue of Blumenthal

Early life edit

 
The German Headquarters at Versailles, 1870, by Anton von Werner. Leonhardt von Blumenthal standing to the left of the picture
 
The Crown Prince of Saxony and the Crown Prince of Prussia. Leonhardt von Blumenthal at left of picture. From a painting by Carl Steffeck
 
Leonhardt von Blumenthal next to Bismarck, shaking hands with General von Hartmann at the Proclamation of the German Empire at Versailles in 1871. Detail of a painting by Anton von Werner
 
The Crown Prince visiting the body of General Douay after the victory at Weisenburg. Leonhardt von Blumenthal is the short man standing directly behind the Crown Prince.

Born in Schwedt, Brandenburg, on 30 July 1810, Leonhard was the son of Ludwig Albrecht von Blumenthal (1774–1813) and his wife Friederike Charlotte Dorothea von Below (1783–1853). Ludwig was a captain in the Brandenburg Dragoon Regiment who was wounded in the Battle of Dennewitz, and later died from his injuries at Potsdam. Leonhard had a younger brother, Karl (1811-1903), who would later serve as a major-general in the army.

Leonhard was brought up on his grandfather's estate at Reddentin, where his uncle Gustav von Below was founding what would become the Pentecostal movement. He was educated at the military schools of Culm and Berlin, entering the Guards as a 2nd lieutenant in 1827, and studied at the Berlin General War School (later called the Prussian Military Academy).

Military career edit

After serving in the Rhine Province, von Blumenthal joined the topographical division of the general staff in 1846. As lieutenant of the 31st foot, he took part in 1848 in the suppression of the Berlin riots, and in 1849 was promoted captain on the general staff. The same year he served on the staff of General Eduard von Bonin in the First Schleswig War, and so distinguished himself, particularly at Fredericia, that he was appointed chief of the staff of the Schleswig-Holstein army,[1] when the previous chief of staff, Captain von Delius, was killed.

In 1850, von Blumenthal was general staff officer of the mobile division under Tietzen in Hesse-Kassel. He was sent on a mission to England in that year (4th class of Red Eagle), and on several subsequent occasions. Having attained the rank of lieutenant-colonel, he was appointed personal adjutant to Prince Frederick Charles in 1859. In 1860 he became colonel of the 31st, and later of the 71st, regiment. He was chief of the staff of the III Corps when, on the outbreak of the Second Schleswig War of 1864, he was nominated chief of the general staff of the army against Denmark, and displayed so much ability, particularly at Dybbøl and the night attack on the island of Als, which he masterminded and which ended the war, that he was promoted to major-general and awarded the order Pour le Mérite.[1]

In the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, von Blumenthal was Chief of Staff of the Second Army, commanded by the Crown Prince Frederick William. It was upon this army that the brunt of the fighting fell, and its arrival at Königgrätz saved the day. Von Blumenthal's own part in these battles and in the campaign generally was most conspicuous. At Königgrätz the crown prince said to him, "I know to whom I owe the conduct of my army", and von Blumenthal soon received promotion to lieutenant-general and the oak-leaves to the order Pour le Mérite. He was also made a knight of the Hohenzollern Order. From 1866 to 1870, he commanded the 14th Division at Düsseldorf.[1]

In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, von Blumenthal was chief of staff of the Third Army under the crown prince. Eighteen other members of his family also fought in this war, including both his sons and three nephews, of whom two were killed. Von Blumenthal's soldierly qualities and talent were most conspicuous in the critical days preceding the battle of Sedan, and his services in the war have been considered as scarcely less valuable and important than those of Moltke himself.[1] Bismarck said:

So far as one can see, the papers make no mention of him, although he is chief of the staff to the Crown Prince and, next after Moltke, deserves most credit for the conduct of the war. ... He won the battles of Wörth and Wissembourg, and after that of Sedan, as the Crown Prince was not always interfering with his plans.[2]

He directed the Siege of Paris and resisted calls to bombard it. He also directed the operations conducted by General von der Tann around Orleans, and defended the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg from interference by Moltke.

Von Blumenthal represented Germany at the British manoeuvres at Chobham in 1871, and was given the command of the IV Corps at Magdeburg. In 1873, he was promoted to general of the infantry, and ten years later he was given the title of Count. In 1888 he was made a general field marshal, after which he served as commander of the 4th and 3rd army inspections before eventually retiring in 1896.[3]

In 1900, Kaiser Wilhelm II announced through the Court Circular that von Blumenthal would be made a Prince (Fürst). However, before this could be enacted the field marshal died that same year at Quellendorf near Köthen on 21 December. He was interred in the family crypt at Krampfer.[1][4]

Legacy edit

He was noted (among others by the English journalist William Howard Russell who followed him during the Franco-Prussian War) for his kindliness and sense of humour.

Like the Crown Prince, Moltke and other key Prussian leaders, he had an English wife, Delicia Vyner and it was widely thought in conservative circles that this was the basis of a liberal Prussian clique. His least appreciated but arguably most important work was the development of the doctrine of Fire and Infiltration, the basis of Blitzkrieg.

Titles, honours and awards edit

Orders and decorations edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Regarding personal names: Until 1919, Graf was a title, translated as Count, not a first or middle name. The female form is Gräfin. In Germany, it has formed part of family names since 1919.

References edit

Attribution
  •   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Blumenthal, Leonhard". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Further reading edit

  • Journals of Field Marshal Count von Blumenthal for 1866 and 1870–71, edited by his son, Count Albrecht von Blumenthal, translated by Major Gillespie-Addison, published by Edward Arnold, 1903.
  • Bismarck, Some Secret Pages of His History - the diary of Dr. Moritz Busch published by Macmillan & Co, 1898
  • The War Diary of Emperor Frederick III 1870–1871 translated and edited by A. R. Allinson, published by Stanley Paul & Co, 1927

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leonhard von Blumenthal.
  1. ^ a b c d e Chisholm 1911.
  2. ^ Bismarck - Some Secret Pages of His History, Being a Diary Kept by Dr. Moritz Busch - Macmillan & Co., New York, 1898
  3. ^ "Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal". prussianmachine.com. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  4. ^ gst/abstract.html?res=F70813F8385A16738DDDAA0A94DA415B808CF1D3 "Count Von Blumenthal Dead. Was Considered as Second Only to Von Moltke as a General and Tactician". New York Times. December 23, 1900. Retrieved 2010-12-14. Count von Blumenthal, the oldest Field Marshal in the German Army, died last evening on his estate at Quellendorf, Duchy of Anhalt. ... but it was not so long ago that he owas regarded as second only to von Moltke in his abilities as a General and tactician. Born in 1810 at Schweldt, ... {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Rangliste de Königlich Preußischen Armee (in German), Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn, 1900, p. 36 – via hathitrust.org
  6. ^ a b c d Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1886, pp. 8, 11, 24, 582, 936 – via hathitrust.org
  7. ^ "Rother Adler-orden", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (supp.) (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1886, p. 7 – via hathitrust.org
  8. ^ Lehmann, Gustaf (1913). Die Ritter des Ordens pour le mérite 1812–1913 [The Knights of the Order of the Pour le Mérite] (in German). Vol. 2. Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn. p. 442.
  9. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtum Anhalt (1894) "Herzoglicher Haus-orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 18
  10. ^ "Ritter-Orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, 1900, pp. 58, 68, retrieved 22 May 2020
  11. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1896), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 68
  12. ^ Ruith, Max (1882). Der K. Bayerische Militär-Max-Joseph-Orden. Ingolstadt: Ganghofer'sche Buchdruckerei. p. 87 – via hathitrust.org.
  13. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für das Jahr 1897. Bd. 1897. Braunschweig : Meyer, 1897. p. 11
  14. ^ "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden", Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtums Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha, 1884, p. 36 – via zs.thulb.uni-jena.de
  15. ^ Staat Hannover (1865). Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1865. Berenberg. p. 91.
  16. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg: für das Jahr 1872/73, "Der Großherzogliche Haus-und Verdienst Orden" p. 42
  17. ^ V. M. Shabanov (2004). Military Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George: A Nominal List, 1769-1920. Moscow. ISBN 5-89577-059-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  18. ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 42
  19. ^ Sachsen (1888–1889). "Königlich Orden". Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1888 und 1889. Dresden: Heinrich. pp. 5, 35, 86 – via hathitrust.org.
  20. ^ "Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III". Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish). 1899. p. 174.
  21. ^ Svensk Rikskalender (in Swedish), 1881, p. 378, from the original on 11 June 2011, retrieved 2018-01-06 – via runeberg.org
  22. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1907), "Königliche Orden" pp. 44, 66
Military offices
Preceded by
New Formation
 Commander, IV Army Inspection
22 March 1873 – 27 June 1892 		Succeeded by

January 01, 1970
leonhard, graf, blumenthal, karl, konstantin, albrecht, leonhard, graf, blumenthal, july, 1810, december, 1900, officer, prussian, army, field, marshal, imperial, german, army, chiefly, remembered, decisive, intervention, battle, königgrätz, 1866, victories, w. Karl Konstantin Albrecht Leonhard Graf a von Blumenthal 30 July 1810 21 December 1900 was an officer of the Prussian Army and field marshal of the Imperial German Army chiefly remembered for his decisive intervention at the Battle of Koniggratz in 1866 his victories at Worth and Weissenburg and above all his refusal to bombard Paris in 1870 during the siege of which he was in command GrafLeonhard von BlumenthalField Marshal von Blumenthal wearing his Pour le MeriteBorn 1810 07 30 30 July 1810Schwedt Kingdom of PrussiaDied21 December 1900 1900 12 21 aged 90 Quellendorf Province of Brandenburg Kingdom of Prussia German EmpireAllegiance Kingdom of Prussia German Confederation North German Confederation German EmpireService wbr branch Prussian Army Imperial German ArmyRankGeneralfeldmarschallCommands held14th Infantry DivisionIV CorpsBattles warsFirst Schleswig WarSecond Schleswig WarAustro Prussian War Franco Prussian WarAwardsPour le Merite with Oak LeavesIron Cross 1870 Military Order of Savoy Italy Order of St George Russia Statue of Blumenthal Contents 1 Early life 2 Military career 3 Legacy 4 Titles honours and awards 4 1 Orders and decorations 5 Notes 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksEarly life edit nbsp The German Headquarters at Versailles 1870 by Anton von Werner Leonhardt von Blumenthal standing to the left of the picture nbsp The Crown Prince of Saxony and the Crown Prince of Prussia Leonhardt von Blumenthal at left of picture From a painting by Carl Steffeck nbsp Leonhardt von Blumenthal next to Bismarck shaking hands with General von Hartmann at the Proclamation of the German Empire at Versailles in 1871 Detail of a painting by Anton von Werner nbsp The Crown Prince visiting the body of General Douay after the victory at Weisenburg Leonhardt von Blumenthal is the short man standing directly behind the Crown Prince Born in Schwedt Brandenburg on 30 July 1810 Leonhard was the son of Ludwig Albrecht von Blumenthal 1774 1813 and his wife Friederike Charlotte Dorothea von Below 1783 1853 Ludwig was a captain in the Brandenburg Dragoon Regiment who was wounded in the Battle of Dennewitz and later died from his injuries at Potsdam Leonhard had a younger brother Karl 1811 1903 who would later serve as a major general in the army Leonhard was brought up on his grandfather s estate at Reddentin where his uncle Gustav von Below was founding what would become the Pentecostal movement He was educated at the military schools of Culm and Berlin entering the Guards as a 2nd lieutenant in 1827 and studied at the Berlin General War School later called the Prussian Military Academy Military career editAfter serving in the Rhine Province von Blumenthal joined the topographical division of the general staff in 1846 As lieutenant of the 31st foot he took part in 1848 in the suppression of the Berlin riots and in 1849 was promoted captain on the general staff The same year he served on the staff of General Eduard von Bonin in the First Schleswig War and so distinguished himself particularly at Fredericia that he was appointed chief of the staff of the Schleswig Holstein army 1 when the previous chief of staff Captain von Delius was killed In 1850 von Blumenthal was general staff officer of the mobile division under Tietzen in Hesse Kassel He was sent on a mission to England in that year 4th class of Red Eagle and on several subsequent occasions Having attained the rank of lieutenant colonel he was appointed personal adjutant to Prince Frederick Charles in 1859 In 1860 he became colonel of the 31st and later of the 71st regiment He was chief of the staff of the III Corps when on the outbreak of the Second Schleswig War of 1864 he was nominated chief of the general staff of the army against Denmark and displayed so much ability particularly at Dybbol and the night attack on the island of Als which he masterminded and which ended the war that he was promoted to major general and awarded the order Pour le Merite 1 In the Austro Prussian War of 1866 von Blumenthal was Chief of Staff of the Second Army commanded by the Crown Prince Frederick William It was upon this army that the brunt of the fighting fell and its arrival at Koniggratz saved the day Von Blumenthal s own part in these battles and in the campaign generally was most conspicuous At Koniggratz the crown prince said to him I know to whom I owe the conduct of my army and von Blumenthal soon received promotion to lieutenant general and the oak leaves to the order Pour le Merite He was also made a knight of the Hohenzollern Order From 1866 to 1870 he commanded the 14th Division at Dusseldorf 1 In the Franco Prussian War of 1870 71 von Blumenthal was chief of staff of the Third Army under the crown prince Eighteen other members of his family also fought in this war including both his sons and three nephews of whom two were killed Von Blumenthal s soldierly qualities and talent were most conspicuous in the critical days preceding the battle of Sedan and his services in the war have been considered as scarcely less valuable and important than those of Moltke himself 1 Bismarck said So far as one can see the papers make no mention of him although he is chief of the staff to the Crown Prince and next after Moltke deserves most credit for the conduct of the war He won the battles of Worth and Wissembourg and after that of Sedan as the Crown Prince was not always interfering with his plans 2 He directed the Siege of Paris and resisted calls to bombard it He also directed the operations conducted by General von der Tann around Orleans and defended the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg from interference by Moltke Von Blumenthal represented Germany at the British manoeuvres at Chobham in 1871 and was given the command of the IV Corps at Magdeburg In 1873 he was promoted to general of the infantry and ten years later he was given the title of Count In 1888 he was made a general field marshal after which he served as commander of the 4th and 3rd army inspections before eventually retiring in 1896 3 In 1900 Kaiser Wilhelm II announced through the Court Circular that von Blumenthal would be made a Prince Furst However before this could be enacted the field marshal died that same year at Quellendorf near Kothen on 21 December He was interred in the family crypt at Krampfer 1 4 Legacy editHe was noted among others by the English journalist William Howard Russell who followed him during the Franco Prussian War for his kindliness and sense of humour Like the Crown Prince Moltke and other key Prussian leaders he had an English wife Delicia Vyner and it was widely thought in conservative circles that this was the basis of a liberal Prussian clique His least appreciated but arguably most important work was the development of the doctrine of Fire and Infiltration the basis of Blitzkrieg Titles honours and awards editHonorary Citizen of the City of Dusseldorf 1871 Fort No XII of the Strassburg Fortress a military barracks in Halle and a colliery in Recklinghausen named in his honour 2 September 1873 Honorary Member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences 1 April 1876 Granted the noble title of Count Graf 1883 Orders and decorations edit nbsp Prussia 5 Knight of the Red Eagle 4th Class with Swords 1853 2nd Class with Oak Leaves 1864 1st Class 1871 Grand Cross with Swords on Ring 13 September 1876 6 with Crown 12 June 1892 7 Knight of the Royal Crown Order 2nd Class 22 September 1863 with Swords 1864 6 Pour le Merite military 22 April 1864 with Oak Leaves 17 September 1866 in Diamonds 22 April 1898 8 Service Award Cross Commander s Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern with Star and Swords 20 September 1866 6 Iron Cross 1870 1st Class Knight of the Black Eagle 21 July 1877 with Collar 1878 6 in Diamonds nbsp Hohenzollern Cross of Honour of the Princely House Order of Hohenzollern 1st Class with Swords 5 nbsp Anhalt Grand Cross of the Order of Albert the Bear 1872 9 nbsp nbsp Austria Hungary 10 Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Leopold with War Decoration 1875 Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St Stephen 1889 nbsp Baden Commander of the Military Karl Friedrich Merit Order 1870 11 nbsp Bavaria 5 Commander of the Military Order of Max Joseph 18 October 1870 12 Knight of St Hubert Grand Cross of the Military Merit Order nbsp Brunswick Grand Cross of the Order of Henry the Lion with Swords 1892 13 nbsp nbsp nbsp Ernestine duchies Grand Cross of the Saxe Ernestine House Order with Swords 1877 14 nbsp France Commander of the Legion of Honour 5 nbsp Hanover Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order 2nd Class 1861 15 nbsp Italy 5 Grand Cross of Saints Maurice and Lazarus Grand Cross of the Military Order of Savoy nbsp Mecklenburg 5 Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown with Golden Crown Military Merit Cross 1st Class Schwerin nbsp Oldenburg Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig with Swords 31 December 1870 16 with Golden Crown and Swords on Ring 5 nbsp nbsp Reuss Cross of Honour 1st Class with Crown 5 nbsp Russia 5 Knight of St George 4th Class 27 December 1870 17 Knight of St Alexander Nevsky 1876 nbsp Saxe Weimar Eisenach Grand Cross of the White Falcon with Swords 1870 18 nbsp Saxony 19 Grand Cross of the Order of Merit 1876 Grand Cross of the Albert Order with Golden Star 1883 Knight of the Rue Crown 1884 nbsp Schaumburg Lippe Military Merit Medal with Swords 5 nbsp Schwarzburg Princely Schwarzburg Cross of Honour 1st Class with Swords and in Diamonds 5 nbsp Spain Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III with Collar 3 December 1883 20 nbsp nbsp Sweden Norway 5 Knight of the Seraphim 12 May 1873 21 Commander of the Sword 2nd Class nbsp Wurttemberg 22 Grand Cross of the Military Merit Order 30 December 1870 Grand Cross of the Wurttemberg Crown 1893Notes edit Regarding personal names Until 1919 Graf was a title translated as Count not a first or middle name The female form is Grafin In Germany it has formed part of family names since 1919 References editAttribution nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Blumenthal Leonhard Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 4 11th ed Cambridge University Press Further reading editJournals of Field Marshal Count von Blumenthal for 1866 and 1870 71 edited by his son Count Albrecht von Blumenthal translated by Major Gillespie Addison published by Edward Arnold 1903 Bismarck Some Secret Pages of His History the diary of Dr Moritz Busch published by Macmillan amp Co 1898 The War Diary of Emperor Frederick III 1870 1871 translated and edited by A R Allinson published by Stanley Paul amp Co 1927External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leonhard von Blumenthal Works by or about Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal at Internet Archive Journals of Field Marshal Count von Blumenthal for 1866 and 1870 71 Blumenthal Leonhardt New International Encyclopedia 1905 a b c d e Chisholm 1911 Bismarck Some Secret Pages of His History Being a Diary Kept by Dr Moritz Busch Macmillan amp Co New York 1898 Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal prussianmachine com Retrieved 2021 12 07 gst abstract html res F70813F8385A16738DDDAA0A94DA415B808CF1D3 Count Von Blumenthal Dead Was Considered as Second Only to Von Moltke as a General and Tactician New York Times December 23 1900 Retrieved 2010 12 14 Count von Blumenthal the oldest Field Marshal in the German Army died last evening on his estate at Quellendorf Duchy of Anhalt but it was not so long ago that he owas regarded as second only to von Moltke in his abilities as a General and tactician Born in 1810 at Schweldt a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a Check url value help a b c d e f g h i j k l Rangliste de Koniglich Preussischen Armee in German Berlin Ernst Siegfried Mittler amp Sohn 1900 p 36 via hathitrust org a b c d Koniglich Preussische Ordensliste in German vol 1 Berlin Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei 1886 pp 8 11 24 582 936 via hathitrust org Rother Adler orden Koniglich Preussische Ordensliste supp in German vol 1 Berlin Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei 1886 p 7 via hathitrust org Lehmann Gustaf 1913 Die Ritter des Ordens pour le merite 1812 1913 The Knights of the Order of the Pour le Merite in German Vol 2 Berlin Ernst Siegfried Mittler amp Sohn p 442 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Herzogtum Anhalt 1894 Herzoglicher Haus orden Albrecht des Baren p 18 Ritter Orden Hof und Staatshandbuch der Osterreichisch Ungarischen Monarchie 1900 pp 58 68 retrieved 22 May 2020 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Grossherzogtum Baden 1896 Grossherzogliche Orden p 68 Ruith Max 1882 Der K Bayerische Militar Max Joseph Orden Ingolstadt Ganghofer sche Buchdruckerei p 87 via hathitrust org Hof und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig fur das Jahr 1897 Bd 1897 Braunschweig Meyer 1897 p 11 Herzogliche Sachsen Ernestinischer Hausorden Staatshandbucher fur das Herzogtums Sachsen Coburg und Gotha 1884 p 36 via zs thulb uni jena de Staat Hannover 1865 Hof und Staatshandbuch fur das Konigreich Hannover 1865 Berenberg p 91 Hof und Staatshandbuch des Grossherzogtums Oldenburg fur das Jahr 1872 73 Der Grossherzogliche Haus und Verdienst Orden p 42 V M Shabanov 2004 Military Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George A Nominal List 1769 1920 Moscow ISBN 5 89577 059 2 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Staatshandbuch fur das Grossherzogtum Sachsen Sachsen Weimar Eisenach 1900 Grossherzogliche Hausorden p 42 Sachsen 1888 1889 Koniglich Orden Staatshandbuch fur den Konigreich Sachsen 1888 und 1889 Dresden Heinrich pp 5 35 86 via hathitrust org Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III Guia Oficial de Espana in Spanish 1899 p 174 Svensk Rikskalender in Swedish 1881 p 378 archived from the original on 11 June 2011 retrieved 2018 01 06 via runeberg org Hof und Staats Handbuch des Konigreich Wurttemberg 1907 Konigliche Orden pp 44 66 Military offices Preceded byNew Formation Commander IV Army Inspection22 March 1873 27 June 1892 Succeeded byGeneral der Kavallerie Prince Leopold of Bavaria Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal amp oldid 1191863029, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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