The Krivichs (Kryvichs) (Belarusian: крывічы, kryvičý, IPA: [kɾɨviˈt͡ʃɨ:]; Russian: кри́вичи, tr.kríviči, IPA: ['krʲivʲɪtɕɪ]) were a tribal union of Early East Slavs between the 6th and the 12th centuries.[1] It is suggested that originally the Krivichi were native to the area around Pskov.[2] They migrated to the mostly Finnic areas in the upper reaches of the Volga, Dnieper, Dvina, areas south of the lower reaches of river Velikaya and parts of the Nemanbasin.[3]
In some variants of Belarusiphile anti-normanist history, the city, and later principality of Polotsk is linked to Krivichians, much like Kyiv is linked to Polianians, however, based on most modern evidence, these were all likely linked to Rus' people.[4]
Many historians suggest that the name of the tribe probably stems from that of their legendary forefather Kriv, possibly a kniaz or a voivode. According to Max Vasmer, this sobriquet was derived from the Slavic adjective krivoy ("crooked/twisted") due to some possible birth defect. Jan Stankievič believed it was derived from the adjective "kroŭ", "kryvi" ("blood"), hence, "kryvič" would mean "blood relationship".
The Krivichs left many archaeological monuments, such as the remnants of agricultural settlements with traces of ironworks, jeweler's art, blacksmith's work and other handicrafts; long burial mounds of the 6th to 9th centuries with cremated bodies; burial mounds of rich warriors with weapons; sets of distinctive jewelry (bracelet-like temporal rings and glass beads made out of stretched wire). By the end of the first millennium, the Krivichs had already had well-developed farming and cattle-breeding. Having settled around the Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, the Krivichs traded with the Varangians. Their chief tribal centres were Gnezdovo, Izborsk, and Polotsk.
The Krivichs as a tribe took part in Oleg's and Igor's military campaigns against the Byzantine Empire. They are also mentioned in De Administrando Imperio as Krivitzoi (Κριβιτζοί).
Modern uses of the name
Today, in Latvian, the word "Krievs" means Russian, and the word "Krievija" – Russia. Through Baltic territories, the word became known in Central Europe. For example, a German chronicler from Duisburg wrote in 1314: “Frater Henricus Marschalcus... venit ad terram Crivitae, et civitatem illam, quae parva Nogardia dicitur cepit”. And in a Polish publication "Kazanie na Pogrzeb Maryanny Korsakywnej" (Lublin, 1687. Б. II, 49) the Polotsk saint Paraxedis was called “Regina Krivitae” (the queen of the Kryvians).
"Kryvich" ("Крывіч") was the name of a magazine that the Belarusian historian Vaclau Lastouski published in Kaunas from 1923 to 1927.
^Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Lee Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas Charles (1994). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 88. ISBN9780313274978.
^"Становление культуры псковских длинных курганов".
^Živković, Tibor; Crnčević, Dejan; Bulić, Dejan; Petrović, Vladeta; Cvijanović, Irena; Radovanović, Bojana (2013-07-01). The World of the Slavs : Studies of the East, West and South Slavs: Civitas, Oppidas, Villas and Archeological Evidence (7th to 11th Centuries AD). Istorijski institut. p. 327. ISBN9788677431044.
^Nation-building in the post-Soviet borderlands : the politics of national identities. Graham Smith. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. 1998. p. 32. ISBN0-521-59045-0. OCLC 37755070.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
January 07, 2023
krivichs, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, december, 2017, l. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Krivichs news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Krivichs Kryvichs Belarusian kryvichy kryvicy IPA kɾɨviˈt ʃɨ Russian kri vichi tr krivici IPA krʲivʲɪtɕɪ were a tribal union of Early East Slavs between the 6th and the 12th centuries 1 It is suggested that originally the Krivichi were native to the area around Pskov 2 They migrated to the mostly Finnic areas in the upper reaches of the Volga Dnieper Dvina areas south of the lower reaches of river Velikaya and parts of the Neman basin 3 A miniature from Radzivill Chronicle showing ancient tribe of Krivichs In some variants of Belarusiphile anti normanist history the city and later principality of Polotsk is linked to Krivichians much like Kyiv is linked to Polianians however based on most modern evidence these were all likely linked to Rus people 4 Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Modern uses of the name 4 See also 5 ReferencesEtymology EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed January 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Many historians suggest that the name of the tribe probably stems from that of their legendary forefather Kriv possibly a kniaz or a voivode According to Max Vasmer this sobriquet was derived from the Slavic adjective krivoy crooked twisted due to some possible birth defect Jan Stankievic believed it was derived from the adjective kroŭ kryvi blood hence kryvic would mean blood relationship History EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed January 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Krivichs left many archaeological monuments such as the remnants of agricultural settlements with traces of ironworks jeweler s art blacksmith s work and other handicrafts long burial mounds of the 6th to 9th centuries with cremated bodies burial mounds of rich warriors with weapons sets of distinctive jewelry bracelet like temporal rings and glass beads made out of stretched wire By the end of the first millennium the Krivichs had already had well developed farming and cattle breeding Having settled around the Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks the Krivichs traded with the Varangians Their chief tribal centres were Gnezdovo Izborsk and Polotsk The Krivichs as a tribe took part in Oleg s and Igor s military campaigns against the Byzantine Empire They are also mentioned in De Administrando Imperio as Krivitzoi Kribitzoi Modern uses of the name EditToday in Latvian the word Krievs means Russian and the word Krievija Russia Through Baltic territories the word became known in Central Europe For example a German chronicler from Duisburg wrote in 1314 Frater Henricus Marschalcus venit ad terram Crivitae et civitatem illam quae parva Nogardia dicitur cepit And in a Polish publication Kazanie na Pogrzeb Maryanny Korsakywnej Lublin 1687 B II 49 the Polotsk saint Paraxedis was called Regina Krivitae the queen of the Kryvians Kryvich Kryvich was the name of a magazine that the Belarusian historian Vaclau Lastouski published in Kaunas from 1923 to 1927 KRIWI is the name of a Belarusian folk rock band Towns of Kreva and Kryvicy in modern Belarus are named after the tribe See also EditList of Medieval Slavic tribesReferences Edit Olson James Stuart Pappas Lee Brigance Pappas Nicholas Charles 1994 An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires Greenwood Publishing Group p 88 ISBN 9780313274978 Stanovlenie kultury pskovskih dlinnyh kurganov Zivkovic Tibor Crncevic Dejan Bulic Dejan Petrovic Vladeta Cvijanovic Irena Radovanovic Bojana 2013 07 01 The World of the Slavs Studies of the East West and South Slavs Civitas Oppidas Villas and Archeological Evidence 7th to 11th Centuries AD Istorijski institut p 327 ISBN 9788677431044 Nation building in the post Soviet borderlands the politics of national identities Graham Smith Cambridge England Cambridge University Press 1998 p 32 ISBN 0 521 59045 0 OCLC 37755070 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Krivichs amp oldid 1125577926, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
